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Huang X, Choi S, Wu W, Shahi PK, Lee JH, Hong C, Jun JY. 5-Hydroxytryptamine Enhances the Pacemaker Activity of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Mouse Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3997. [PMID: 38612808 PMCID: PMC11012597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the localization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor and its effects on mouse colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) using electrophysiological techniques. Treatment with 5-HT increased the pacemaker activity in colonic ICCs with depolarization of membrane potentials in a dose-dependent manner. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blockers blocked pacemaker activity and 5-HT-induced effects. Moreover, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor inhibited 5-HT-induced effects, and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP increased the pacemaker activity. Various agonists of the 5-HT receptor subtype were working in colonic ICCs, including the 5-HT4 receptor. In small intestinal ICCs, 5-HT depolarized the membrane potentials transiently. Adenylate cyclase inhibitors or HCN blockers did not show any influence on 5-HT-induced effects. Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) or T-type Ca2+ channel blockers inhibited the pacemaker activity of colonic ICCs and blocked 5-HT-induced effects. A tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor inhibited pacemaker activity in colonic ICCs under controlled conditions but did not show any influence on 5-HT-induced effects. Among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, a p38 MAPK inhibitor inhibited 5-HT-induced effects on colonic ICCs. Thus, 5-HT's effect on pacemaker activity in small intestinal and colonic ICCs has excitatory but variable patterns. ANO1, T-type Ca2+, and HCN channels are involved in 5-HT-induced effects, and MAPKs are involved in 5-HT effects in colonic ICCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyou Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Pawan Kumar Shahi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (X.H.); (S.C.); (W.W.); (P.K.S.); (C.H.)
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Trypsin Depolarizes Pacemaker Potentials in Murine Small Intestinal Interstitial Cells of Cajal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) generate pacemaker potentials in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, the effects of trypsin on pacemaker potentials in murine small intestinal ICCs were examined. We used whole-cell patch-clamp analysis. The results of whole-cell patch-clamp analysis revealed that trypsin dose-dependently depolarized pacemaker potentials and decreased their amplitude. Treatments with the antagonists of neurokinin1 (NK1) and NK2 receptors (SR-140333 and SR-48968, respectively) slightly inhibited the trypsin-induced responses. However, treatment with the combination of SR-140333 and SR-48968 completely inhibited trypsin-induced responses. Trypsin slightly depolarized pacemaker potentials and increased their amplitude after the intracellular application of GDP-β-S. Additionally, incubation in external Ca2+-free solution inhibited trypsin-induced responses. In the presence of U-73122, staurosporine, Go6976, or xestospongin C, trypsin did not depolarize the pacemaker’s potentials. However, trypsin depolarized the pacemaker potentials in the presence of rottlerin. Finally, HC067047, a TRPV4 inhibitor, did not affect the trypsin-induced responses. These results suggest that trypsin depolarized pacemaker potentials through NK1 and NK2 receptors in the murine small intestinal ICCs, with this effect being dependent on the G protein, phospholipase C, protein kinase C, inositol triphosphate pathways, and extracellular Ca2+ but being independent of the TRPV4 pathway. Hence, trypsin-mediated GI motility regulation must be considered for prokinetic drug developments.
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Yang H, Jin XJ, Luo H, Li YH. Effects of Morphine on Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Rabbit Colon and Small Intestinal Transit: An Experimental Study. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:240-246. [PMID: 31702490 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191023112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of morphine with naloxone on intestinal peristalsis and the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in colon tissues of rabbits. METHODS Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n=6, each group): saline control group (NS group), low concentration of morphine group (L group), medium concentration of morphine group (M group), high concentration of morphine group (H group), medium concentration of morphine and naloxone mixed with antagonist group (NM group). Rabbits in these five groups were administered with an epidural puncture tube and dorsal epidural analgesia pump, and were continuously infused for seven days. Fecal characteristics were observed, and the ink propulsion rate was calculated. The expression level of ICC C-kit protein in colon tissues was tested by western blot. RESULTS The stool characteristics in the L, M and H groups were more severe than those in the NS and NM groups. Furthermore, the intestinal propulsion rate in the L, M and H groups was lower than that in the NS and NM groups. The C-kit mRNA and protein expression in the colon of rabbits were significantly lower in the L, M and H groups, when compared to the NS and NM groups. CONCLUSION Naloxone blocked the mRNA and protein expression of C-kit, and improved intestinal motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230091, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230091, China
| | - Yuan-Hai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Youm JB, Zheng H, Koh SD, Sanders KM. Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Pacemaking by Interstitial Cells of Cajal. Biophys J 2019; 117:767-779. [PMID: 31400920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pacemaker depolarization in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) is believed to be induced by Ca2+ transients and activation of anoctamin-1 (Ano1) channels in the plasma membrane. However, block of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) or the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) terminates pacemaker activity in ICC, indicating these transporters are involved in the initiation or maintenance of pacemaker activity. We hypothesized that SOCE contributes to pacemaker depolarization by maintaining [Ca2+] in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the underlying source of Ca2+ transients for activation of Ano1. NKCC1 maintains the Cl- gradient supporting the driving force for inward current mediated by Ano1. Currently mechanisms sustaining release of Ca2+ and activation of Ano1 channels during the plateau phase of slow waves are unknown, but the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange may contribute. We generated a mathematical model of pacemaker activity based on current empirical observations from ICC of mouse small intestine that incorporates functions of SOCE and NKCC1. This model reproduces experimental findings, suggesting roles for SOCE and Ano1 channels: blocking of either NKCC1 or SOCE in our model terminates pacemaker activity. Direct contribution of NKCC1 to pacemaker activity in a beat-to-beat manner is not predicted by our model. Instead, NKCC1 plays a maintenance role supporting the driving force for Cl- efflux. Incorporation of SOCE allows the model to drive pacemaker activity without a diastolic depolarization, as observed in cardiac pacemaking. Further biological experiments are necessary to validate and further refine the roles of NKCC1, Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and Ano1 in the pacemaker mechanism of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Boum Youm
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.
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Zhang Y, Ge T, Xiang P, Mao H, Tang S, Li A, Lin L, Wei Y. Therapeutic effect of protease-activated receptor 2 agonist SLIGRL-NH 2 on loperamide-induced Sprague-Dawley rat constipation model and the related mechanism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2403-2411. [PMID: 30122898 PMCID: PMC6078190 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the therapeutic effects of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) agonist SLIGRL-NH2 on loperamide-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat constipation animal models. Materials and methods Loperamide was injected subcutaneously to induce constipation twice a day for 3 days. SD rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into five groups: non-constipation group (control, n = 6), constipation group (constipation, n = 6), constipation + SLIGRL-NH2 low-dosage group (SLIGRL-NH2 low, n=6), constipation + SLIGRL-NH2 high-dosage group (SLIGRL-NH2 high, n = 6), and constipation + prucalopride (positive control, n = 6). The SLIGRL-NH2 low group and SLIGRL-NH2 high group were administered with 2.5 μmol/kg and 5 μmol/kg SLIGRL-NH2, respectively, and the prucalopride group received 2 mg/kg prucalopride. The control and constipation group received 1× PBS under the same pattern. SLIGRL-NH2 and prucalopride were orally administrated once daily for 7 days. On the final day of oral administration, food intake, water intake, the number of stool pellets, weight, and fecal water content was calculated; moreover, the colons of rats in different groups were collected and histological features were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining; furthermore, the expression of anoctamin-1 was determined by Immunohistochemical methods, and the expressions of c-kit and PAR-2 were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods; finally, the expressions of neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) were examined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay methods. Results The feeding and excretion behaviors, intestinal transit ratio, and the histological feature of the colon in the constipated rats were all improved by SLIGRL-NH2 treatment; moreover, SLIGRL-NH2 treatment induced significant increase in the expression of PAR-2 and also increased number of interstitial Cajal cells. Furthermore, SLIGRL-NH2 also decreased the contents of the inhibitory neurotransmitter VIP and increased the expression of the excitatory neurotransmitter SP. High dose of SLIGRL-NH2 has shown similar anti-constipation effects as prucalopride. Conclusion These results suggested that SLIGRL-NH2 can enhance gastrointestinal transit and alleviate in rats with loperamide-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Tingrui Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Haibing Mao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Shumin Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yinting Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang 222000, China,
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EP3 activation facilitates bladder excitability via HCN channels on ICCs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:535-541. [PMID: 28131828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
EP3 is a receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and although its effect on bladder excitability has attracted considerable attention, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate whether the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) of the bladder are involved in the effect of EP3 activation on bladder excitability, wild-type mice, HCN1 knockout (HCN1-/-) mice and rats were used in our study. Double immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the interaction between EP3 and the HCN channels. Sulprostone is a selective agonist of EP3. The current density of HCN channels was enhanced by sulprostone or PGE2 using whole-cell patch clamping. Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of HCN1 and HCN4 were higher in bladders that had undergone intravesical instillation with sulprostone than in bladders treated with normal saline (NS). Both PGE2 and sulprostone increased the calcium concentration of the ICCs, and their effects were inhibited by ZD7288 (antagonist of HCN channels) treatment. In bladder detrusor strip testing, both PGE2 and sulprostone enhanced the amplitude of the bladder detrusor in HCN1-/- mice; however, these effects were less than those in the wild-type mice. Furthermore, the effects of PGE2 and sulprostone were inhibited by ZD7288. Taken together, our results indicate that EP3 is expressed in bladder ICCs and facilitates bladder excitability via HCN channels. This study provides more comprehensive insights into the mechanism between inflammation and bladder excitability and highlights methods that can resolve bladder hyperactivity.
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