1
|
Urzua A, Catena S, Morales P, Lay-Son G. Silver-Russell syndrome-like features in a child with recombinant chromosome 11 derived from maternal pericentric inversion. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:105-109. [PMID: 38818816 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a well-known syndrome but with heterogeneous etiologies. We present the case of a child with severe SRS-like features resulting from a complex rearrangement of chromosome 11 inherited from his mother. We studied the index case with karyotyping, MS-MLPA and molecular karyotyping. The mother was studied with karyotyping and subtelomeric FISH. We found a child with marked developmental delay and fatal outcome due to failure to thrive, carrying an 11p15 duplication and an 11q25 deletion of maternal origin. We discovered that the mother was a carrier of a pericentric inversion of chromosome 11, with a history of recurrence in other family members who had severe growth retardation and early death. To our knowledge, no similar SRS-like cases have been described in the literature. This report supports the importance of identification the causative genetic mechanism in SRS-like individuals with duplication in 11p15 region due to high risk of recurrence and to provide an appropriate genetic counseling to the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Urzua
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
- Current affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Citogenética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Catena
- Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, USA
| | - Paulina Morales
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile
| | - Guillermo Lay-Son
- Hospital Padre Hurtado
- Unidad de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaya I. Detection of 4p16.3 deletion and 11p15.5p15.4 gain in a boy by comparative genomic hybridization array: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1517-1522. [PMID: 38576798 PMCID: PMC10989453 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i8.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) of segmental duplications or low copy repeats (LCRs) result in DNA gain/loss and play an important role in the origin of genomic disorders. CASE SUMMARY A 3-year- old boy was referred for genetic analysis. Comparative genomic hybridization array analysis revealed a loss of 3776 kb in the 4p16.3 chromosomal region and a gain of 3201 kb in the 11p15.5p15.4 chromosomal region. CONCLUSION Genomic imbalances caused by NAHR in LCRs result in deletion and duplication syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Işın Kaya
- Medical Genetics, Bakırçay University Çiğli Education ve Training Hospital, İzmir 35620, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen G, Cao P, Liu L, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang F, Zaiane OR. Graph Self-Supervised Learning With Application to Brain Networks Analysis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:4154-4165. [PMID: 37159311 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3274531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The less training data and insufficient supervision limit the performance of the deep supervised models for brain disease diagnosis. It is significant to construct a learning framework that can capture more information in limited data and insufficient supervision. To address these issues, we focus on self-supervised learning and aim to generalize the self-supervised learning to the brain networks, which are non-Euclidean graph data. More specifically, we propose an ensemble masked graph self-supervised framework named BrainGSLs, which incorporates 1) a local topological-aware encoder that takes the partially visible nodes as input and learns these latent representations, 2) a node-edge bi-decoder that reconstructs the masked edges by the representations of both the masked and visible nodes, 3) a signal representation learning module for capturing temporal representations from BOLD signals and 4) a classifier used for the classification. We evaluate our model on three real medical clinical applications: diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) and diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The results suggest that the proposed self-supervised training has led to remarkable improvement and outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our method is able to identify the biomarkers associated with the diseases, which is consistent with the previous studies. We also explore the correlation of these three diseases and find the strong association between ASD and BD. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempt of applying the idea of self-supervised learning with masked autoencoder on the brain network analysis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vanapruks S, Jee YH. Understanding Prenatal and Postnatal Linear Growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:e3-e4. [PMID: 36250407 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selena Vanapruks
- University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Li J, Yang L, Wu M, Ma Q. The Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Human Imprinting Disorders: Prospective Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730014. [PMID: 34760887 PMCID: PMC8573313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a term used for an intergenerational epigenetic inheritance and involves a subset of genes expressed in a parent-of-origin-dependent way. Imprinted genes are expressed preferentially from either the paternally or maternally inherited allele. Long non-coding RNAs play essential roles in regulating this allele-specific expression. In several well-studied imprinting clusters, long non-coding RNAs have been found to be essential in regulating temporal- and spatial-specific establishment and maintenance of imprinting patterns. Furthermore, recent insights into the epigenetic pathological mechanisms underlying human genomic imprinting disorders suggest that allele-specific expressed imprinted long non-coding RNAs serve as an upstream regulator of the expression of other protein-coding or non-coding imprinted genes in the same cluster. Aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs result in bi-allelic expression or silencing of neighboring imprinted genes. Here, we review the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in regulating the expression of imprinted genes, especially in human imprinting disorders, and discuss three strategies targeting the central long non-coding RNA UBE3A-ATS for the purpose of developing therapies for the imprinting disorders Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. In summary, a better understanding of long non-coding RNA-related mechanisms is key to the development of potential therapeutic targets for human imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manyin Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ribeiro EHP, Haduo MDH, Ribeiro CDC, Lamônica DAC. Silver-Russell syndrome: clinical, neurodevelopmental and communication characteristics: clinical case studies. Codas 2021; 34:e20200273. [PMID: 34705922 PMCID: PMC9886125 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a genetically heterogeneous condition with a clinical phenotype that includes intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, craniofacial alterations, body asymmetries, low body mass index, and feeding difficulties. Alterations in motor development, global coordination, and speech are expected. The current study aims to present the syndrome, neurodevelopment, and communication characteristics of three male children diagnosed with the syndrome, aged 16, 18, and 44 months, respectively. Ethical principles were followed. An analysis of the medical records, aiming to collect information of the anamnesis, conducted with the guardians, and of the assessment carried out with the children was performed. The assessment was performed by applying the following instruments: Communicative Behavior Observation (CBO), Development Screening Test Denver-II (TSDD-II), and the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELMS). The survey of characteristics confirmed the SRS hypothesis; it was verified a delay in communicative behavior for all participants in CBO; in TSDD-II there was a delay in gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, language, and social personal skills. Scores below expectations were found for receptive auditory and expressive auditory functions, with receptive abilities more developed than expressive abilities, in ELM. The SRS deserves to be recognized by the scientific community, since the phenotypic characteristics and the data from the previous life allow the hypothesis of the syndrome to be raised, aiming at an early correct diagnosis and therapeutic planning that minimizes the harmful effects of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Hanna Porto Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo – FOB/USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.
| | - Michele Dias Hayssi Haduo
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo – FOB/USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.
| | - Camila da Costa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo – FOB/USP - Bauru (SP), Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhatti GK, Khullar N, Sidhu IS, Navik US, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Emerging role of non-coding RNA in health and disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1119-1134. [PMID: 33881724 PMCID: PMC8058498 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human diseases have always been a significant turf of concern since the origin of mankind. It is cardinal to know the cause, treatment, and cure for every disease condition. With the advent and advancement in technology, the molecular arena at the microscopic level to study the mechanism, progression, and therapy is more rational and authentic pave than a macroscopic approach. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have now emerged as indispensable players in the diagnosis, development, and therapeutics of every abnormality concerning physiology, pathology, genetics, epigenetics, oncology, and developmental diseases. This is a comprehensive attempt to collate all the existing and proven strategies, techniques, mechanisms of genetic disorders including Silver Russell Syndrome, Fascio- scapula humeral muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, hypertension, etc.), neurodegenerative diseases (Spino-cerebral ataxia type 7, Spino-cerebral ataxia type 8, Spinal muscular atrophy, Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, etc.) cancers (cervix, breast, lung cancer, etc.), and infectious diseases (viral) studied so far. This article encompasses discovery, biogenesis, classification, and evolutionary prospects of the existence of this junk RNA along with the integrated networks involving chromatin remodelling, dosage compensation, genome imprinting, splicing regulation, post-translational regulation and proteomics. In conclusion, all the major human diseases are discussed with a facilitated technology transfer, advancements, loopholes, and tentative future research prospects have also been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab India
| | | | - Uma Shanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Neurology, Public Health, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Papulino C, Chianese U, Nicoletti MM, Benedetti R, Altucci L. Preclinical and Clinical Epigenetic-Based Reconsideration of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:563718. [PMID: 33101381 PMCID: PMC7522569 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has achieved a profound impact in the biomedical field, providing new experimental opportunities and innovative therapeutic strategies to face a plethora of diseases. In the rare diseases scenario, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a pediatric pathological condition characterized by a complex molecular basis, showing alterations in the expression of different growth-regulating genes. The molecular origin of BWS is associated with impairments in the genomic imprinting of two domains at the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. The first domain contains three different regions: insulin growth like factor gene (IGF2), H19, and abnormally methylated DMR1 region. The second domain consists of cell proliferation and regulating-genes such as CDKN1C gene encoding for cyclin kinase inhibitor its role is to block cell proliferation. Although most cases are sporadic, about 5-10% of BWS patients have inheritance characteristics. In the 11p15.5 region, some of the patients have maternal chromosomal rearrangements while others have Uniparental Paternal Disomy UPD(11)pat. Defects in DNA methylation cause alteration of genes and the genomic structure equilibrium leading uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a typical tumorigenesis event. Indeed, in BWS patients an increased childhood tumor predisposition is observed. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on BWS and focus on the impact of epigenetic alterations to an increased cancer risk development and to metabolic disorders. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between assisted reproductive technologies and this rare disease. We also discuss intriguing aspects of BWS in twinning. Epigenetic therapies in clinical trials have already demonstrated effectiveness in oncological and non-oncological diseases. In this review, we propose a potential "epigenetic-based" approaches may unveil new therapeutic options for BWS patients. Although the complexity of the syndrome is high, patients can be able to lead a normal life but tumor predispositions might impair life expectancy. In this sense epigenetic therapies should have a supporting role in order to guarantee a good prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Nicoletti
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Long QT and Silver Russell syndrome: First case report in a 9-year-old girl. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2020; 6:591-595. [PMID: 32983873 PMCID: PMC7498520 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
10
|
Atzmony L, Ugwu N, Zaki TD, Antaya RJ, Choate KA. Post-zygotic ACTB mutations underlie congenital smooth muscle hamartomas. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:681-685. [PMID: 32170967 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) are benign lesions that share clinical and histopathological features with Becker nevus, a mosaic disorder associated with post-zygotic ACTB mutations. Given the clinical and histopathological overlap between CSMH and Becker nevus, we hypothesized that post-zygotic mutations in ACTB may underlie CSMH. METHODS Direct sequencing of ACTB gene in affected and unaffected tissue isolated from one case of hemihypertrichosis and hemihypertrophy corresponding to giant segmental CSMH and hemihypertrophy. This was followed by direct sequencing with and without enrichment assay for hotspot ACTB mutations in affected tissue from 12 samples of isolated CSMH from unrelated individuals. RESULTS In total we identified somatic missense ACTB mutations in 9 out of 13 CSMHs (69%). Mutations were either novel or previously reported in Becker nevi and Becker nevus syndrome. CONCLUSIONS CSMHs result from post-zygotic ACTB mutations. This study proves that CSMHs and Becker nevi are nosologically related, and expand the phenotypic spectrum of ACTB mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore D Zaki
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard J Antaya
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Thamban T, Agarwaal V, Khosla S. Role of genomic imprinting in mammalian development. J Biosci 2020; 45:20. [PMID: 31965998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-mendelian inheritance refers to the group of phenomena and observations related to the inheritance of genetic information that cannot be merely explained by Mendel's laws of inheritance. Phenomenon including Genomic imprinting, X-chromosome Inactivation, Paramutations are some of the best studied examples of non-mendelian inheritance. Genomic imprinting is a process that reversibly marks one of the two homologous loci, chromosome or chromosomal sets during development, resulting in functional non-equivalence of gene expression. Genomic imprinting is known to occur in a few insect species, plants, and placental mammals. Over the years, studies on imprinted genes have contributed immensely to highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications and the epigenetic circuitry during gene expression and development. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of genomic imprinting in mammals and the role it plays especially during fetoplacental growth and early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thushara Thamban
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Finding Diagnostically Useful Patterns in Quantitative Phenotypic Data. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:933-946. [PMID: 31607427 PMCID: PMC6848993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trio-based whole-exome sequence (WES) data have established confident genetic diagnoses in ∼40% of previously undiagnosed individuals recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study. Here we aim to use the breadth of phenotypic information recorded in DDD to augment diagnosis and disease variant discovery in probands. Median Euclidean distances (mEuD) were employed as a simple measure of similarity of quantitative phenotypic data within sets of ≥10 individuals with plausibly causative de novo mutations (DNM) in 28 different developmental disorder genes. 13/28 (46.4%) showed significant similarity for growth or developmental milestone metrics, 10/28 (35.7%) showed similarity in HPO term usage, and 12/28 (43%) showed no phenotypic similarity. Pairwise comparisons of individuals with high-impact inherited variants to the 32 individuals with causative DNM in ANKRD11 using only growth z-scores highlighted 5 likely causative inherited variants and two unrecognized DNM resulting in an 18% diagnostic uplift for this gene. Using an independent approach, naive Bayes classification of growth and developmental data produced reasonably discriminative models for the 24 DNM genes with sufficiently complete data. An unsupervised naive Bayes classification of 6,993 probands with WES data and sufficient phenotypic information defined 23 in silico syndromes (ISSs) and was used to test a “phenotype first” approach to the discovery of causative genotypes using WES variants strictly filtered on allele frequency, mutation consequence, and evidence of constraint in humans. This highlighted heterozygous de novo nonsynonymous variants in SPTBN2 as causative in three DDD probands.
Collapse
|
14
|
Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Perks CM. The Neglected Insulin: IGF-II, a Metabolic Regulator with Implications for Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101207. [PMID: 31590432 PMCID: PMC6829378 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When originally discovered, one of the initial observations was that, when all of the insulin peptide was depleted from serum, the vast majority of the insulin activity remained and this was due to a single additional peptide, IGF-II. The IGF-II gene is adjacent to the insulin gene, which is a result of gene duplication, but has evolved to be considerably more complicated. It was one of the first genes recognised to be imprinted and expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. The gene codes for IGF-II mRNA, but, in addition, also codes for antisense RNA, long non-coding RNA, and several micro RNA. Recent evidence suggests that each of these have important independent roles in metabolic regulation. It has also become clear that an alternatively spliced form of the insulin receptor may be the principle IGF-II receptor. These recent discoveries have important implications for metabolic disorders and also for cancer, for which there is renewed acknowledgement of the importance of metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M P Holly
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sparber P, Filatova A, Khantemirova M, Skoblov M. The role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of hereditary diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:42. [PMID: 30871545 PMCID: PMC6416829 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thousands of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes are annotated in the human genome. Recent studies showed the key role of lncRNAs in a variety of fundamental cellular processes. Dysregulation of lncRNAs can drive tumorigenesis and they are now considered to be a promising therapeutic target in cancer. However, how lncRNAs contribute to the development of hereditary diseases in human is still mostly unknown. Results This review is focused on hereditary diseases in the pathogenesis of which long non-coding RNAs play an important role. Conclusions Fundamental research in the field of molecular genetics of lncRNA is necessary for a more complete understanding of their significance. Future research will help translate this knowledge into clinical practice which will not only lead to an increase in the diagnostic rate but also in the future can help with the development of etiotropic treatments for hereditary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sparber
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mira Khantemirova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Skoblov
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramos-Ibeas P, Heras S, Gómez-Redondo I, Planells B, Fernández-González R, Pericuesta E, Laguna-Barraza R, Pérez-Cerezales S, Gutiérrez-Adán A. Embryo responses to stress induced by assisted reproductive technologies. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1292-1306. [PMID: 30719806 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has led to the birth of millions of babies. In cattle, thousands of embryos are produced annually. However, since the introduction and widespread use of ART, negative effects on embryos and offspring are starting to emerge. Knowledge so far, mostly provided by animal models, indicates that suboptimal conditions during ART can affect embryo viability and quality, and may induce embryonic stress responses. These stress responses take the form of severe gene expression alterations or modifications in critical epigenetic marks established during early developmental stages that can persist after birth. Unfortunately, while developmental plasticity allows the embryo to survive these stressful conditions, such insult may lead to adult health problems and to long-term effects on offspring that could be transmitted to subsequent generations. In this review, we describe how in mice, livestock, and humans, besides affecting the development of the embryo itself, ART stressors may also have significant repercussions on offspring health and physiology. Finally, we argue the case that better control of stressors during ART will help improve embryo quality and offspring health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ramos-Ibeas
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Heras
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gómez-Redondo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Planells
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-González
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serafín Pérez-Cerezales
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tunster SJ, Van de Pette M, Creeth HDJ, Lefebvre L, John RM. Fetal growth restriction in a genetic model of sporadic Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035832. [PMID: 30158284 PMCID: PMC6262809 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a complex imprinting disorder involving fetal overgrowth and placentomegaly, and is associated with a variety of genetic and epigenetic mutations affecting the expression of imprinted genes on human chromosome 11p15.5. Most BWS cases are linked to loss of methylation at the imprint control region 2 (ICR2) within this domain, which in mice regulates the silencing of several maternally expressed imprinted genes. Modelling this disorder in mice is confounded by the unique embryonic requirement for Ascl2, which is imprinted in mice but not in humans. To overcome this issue, we generated a novel model combining a truncation of distal chromosome 7 allele (DelTel7) with transgenic rescue of Ascl2 expression. This novel model recapitulated placentomegaly associated with BWS, but did not lead to fetal overgrowth. Summary: A novel genetic mouse model of sporadic Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) recapitulates placentomegaly, but placental defects lead to late gestation fetal growth restriction, which contrasts with the fetal overgrowth characteristic of BWS in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Tunster
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Hugo D J Creeth
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rosalind M John
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ridnõi K, Kurvinen E, Pajusalu S, Reimand T, Õunap K. Two Consecutive Pregnancies with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 1: Case Report and Review of Published Prenatal Cases. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:205-213. [PMID: 30158844 DOI: 10.1159/000490083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal overgrowth and numerous congenital malformations can be detected in every trimester of pregnancy. New technologies in molecular testing, such as chromosomal microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing, continually demonstrate advantages for definitive diagnosis in fetal life. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel (SGB) syndrome is a rare but well-known overgrowth condition that is rarely diagnosed in the prenatal setting. We report 3 cases of SGB syndrome in 2 consecutive pregnancies. In our series, distinctive prenatal sonographic findings led to molecular diagnosis. Exome sequencing from fetal DNA revealed a hemizygous splice site variant in the GPC3 gene: NM_004484.3:c.1166+ 1G>T. The mother is a heterozygous carrier. We also provide an overview of the previously published 57 prenatal cases of SGB syndrome with prevalence estimation of the symptoms to aid prenatal differential diagnosis of fetal overgrowth syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Ridnõi
- Center for Perinatal Care, Women's Clinic, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine
| | - Elvira Kurvinen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zanelli SA, Rogol AD. Short children born small for gestational age outcomes in the era of growth hormone therapy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 38:8-13. [PMID: 29291885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants are at risk for short and long term medical and metabolic complications. Most SGA infants (85-90%) demonstrate spontaneous catch-up growth, typically in the first year after birth. Although catch-up growth (CUG) is a desired goal, it is important to note if CUG is too rapid the infants are at increased risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus as they become adults. On the flip side, infants who do not exhibit CUG are also at increased risk of adverse adult outcomes including those for cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments, in addition to adult short stature. Treatment with growth hormone is safe and effective not only in increasing adult height, but also in improving body composition and decreasing metabolic complications. The aims of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on what constitutes "healthy" catch-up growth in children born SGA as well as provide an update on the role of growth hormone treatment for short children born SGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina A Zanelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Alan D Rogol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Serra G, Antona V, Schierz M, Vecchio D, Piro E, Corsello G. Esophageal atresia and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in one of the naturally conceived discordant newborn twins: first report. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:399-401. [PMID: 29445485 PMCID: PMC5799623 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report a high incidence of monozygotic twinning in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. A phenotypical discordance in monozygotic twins is rare. Twinning and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome show higher incidence in children born after assisted reproductive techniques. We report on the first observation of esophageal atresia and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in one of the naturally conceived discordant monozygotic twins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Serra
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Mandy Schierz
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Albuquerque EVA, Scalco RC, Jorge AAL. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of tall stature. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R339-R353. [PMID: 28274950 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tall stature is defined as a height of more than 2 standard deviations (s.d.) above average for same sex and age. Tall individuals are usually referred to endocrinologists so that hormonal disorders leading to abnormal growth are excluded. However, the majority of these patients have familial tall stature or constitutional advance of growth (generally associated with obesity), both of which are diagnoses of exclusion. It is necessary to have familiarity with a large number of rarer overgrowth syndromes, especially because some of them may have severe complications such as aortic aneurysm, thromboembolism and tumor predisposition and demand-specific follow-up approaches. Additionally, endocrine disorders associated with tall stature have specific treatments and for this reason their recognition is mandatory. With this review, we intend to provide an up-to-date summary of the genetic conditions associated with overgrowth to emphasize a practical diagnostic approach of patients with tall stature and to discuss the limitations of current growth interruption treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoarda V A Albuquerque
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25), Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata C Scalco
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do DesenvolvimentoLaboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM/42) do Hospital das Clinicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia GenéticaLaboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25), Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|