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Zhou Z, Li Z, Liu C, Wang F, Zhang L, Fu P. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:746-759. [PMID: 36856550 PMCID: PMC9980035 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2172606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common clinical critical syndrome with substantial mortality. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) has been proposed for the treatment of ARF. However, whether ECCO2R could provide a survival advantage for patients with ARF is still controversial. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) were searched from inception to 30 April 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that examined the following outcomes were included: mortality, length of hospital and ICU stay, intubation and tracheotomy rate, mechanical ventilation days, ventilator-free days (VFDs), respiratory parameters, and reported adverse events. RESULTS Four RCTs and five observational studies including 1173 participants with ARF due to COPD or ARDS were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analyses of related studies showed no significant difference in overall mortality between ECCO2R and control group, neither in RCTs targeted ARDS or acute hypoxic respiratory failure patients (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.32, p = 0.70, I2 =0.0%), nor in studies targeted patients with ARF secondary to COPD (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.11, p = 0.19, I2 =0.0%). A shorter duration of ICU stay in the ECCO2R group was only obtained in observational studies (WMD -4.25, p < 0.01), and ECCO2R was associated with a longer length of hospital stay (p = 0.02). ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation rate (p < 0.01) and tracheotomy rate (p = 0.01), and shorter mechanical ventilation days (p < 0.01) in comparison to control group in ARF patients with COPD. In addition, an improvement in pH (p = 0.01), PaO2 (p = 0.01), respiratory rate (p < 0.01), and PaCO2 (p = 0.04) was also observed in patients with COPD exacerbations by ECCO2R therapy. However, the ECCO2R-related complication rate was high in six of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from both RCTs and observational studies did not confirm a significant beneficial effect of ECCO2R therapy on mortality. A shorter length of ICU stay in the ECCO2R group was only obtained in observational studies, and ECCO2R was associated with a longer length of hospital stay. ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation rate and tracheotomy rate, and shorter mechanical ventilation days in ARF patients with COPD. And an improvement in pH, PaO2, respiratory rate and PaCO2 was observed in the ECCO2R group. However, outcomes largely relied on data from observational studies targeted patients with ARF secondary to COPD, thus further larger high-quality RCTs are desirable to strengthen the evidence on the efficacy and benefits of ECCO2R for patients with ARF.Key messagesECCO2R therapy did not confirm a significant beneficial effect on mortality.ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation and tracheotomy rate, and shorter mechanical ventilation days in patients with ARF secondary to COPD.An improvement in pH, PaO2, respiratory rate, and PaCO2 was observed in ECCO2R group in patients with COPD exacerbations.Evidence for the future application of ECCO2R therapy for patients with ARF. The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022295174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Division of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Treu D, Ashenuga M, Massingham K, Brugger J, Medina L, Ficociello LH, Thompson D. An Innovative Approach to Minimizing Downtime in Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy. ASAIO J 2023; 69:e250-e255. [PMID: 36976305 PMCID: PMC10226470 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is often utilized to stabilize patients with severe acute kidney injury associated with significant electrolyte abnormalities and/or oliguria and concomitant fluid accumulation. Circuit downtime may reduce daily treatment time and affect delivered doses of CKRT. Studies have found clotting to be the leading cause of downtime and underdosing, which are associated with negative treatment outcomes. The NxStage Cartridge Express with Speedswap (NxStage Medical, Inc.) was designed to minimize downtime by allowing filter priming to occur in parallel with ongoing CKRT and by permitting filter exchanges without the need to replace the entire cartridge. Data from pilot studies suggest that filter exchanges using this system interrupt treatment by an average of 4 minutes per exchange-a considerable reduction from traditional systems that require treatment to be discontinued while the filter is primed, which can take 30 minutes or more. In addition to increasing patient time on therapy, this system has the potential to reduce costs for patients who require a high number of filter changes, and reduce nursing labor and environmental impact (reduced plastic waste). Future studies should confirm whether patients at higher risk of clotted/clogged filters benefit from CKRT with a system designed for rapid filter changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Ashenuga
- NxStage, Product Marketing, Fresenius Medical Care, Lawrence, Massachusetts
| | - Kara Massingham
- NxStage, Product Marketing, Fresenius Medical Care, Lawrence, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - David Thompson
- Fresenius Medical Care, Global Medical Office, Waltham, Massachusetts
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3
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Macedo E, Cerdá J. Choosing a CRRT machine and modality. Semin Dial 2021; 34:423-431. [PMID: 34699085 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expanded use and steady improvements in continuous renal replacement techniques (CRRT) have enhanced the safety of the application of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) to hemodynamically unstable intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The longer duration of therapy and the personalized prescription provided by continuous therapies are associated with greater hemodynamic stability and a modestly higher likelihood of kidney recovery than standard intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Studies designed to evaluate the effect on mortality over intermittent therapies lack evidence of benefit. A lack of standardization and considerable variation in how CRRT is performed leads to wide variation in how the technique is prescribed, delivered, and optimized. Technology has progressed in critical care nephrology, and more progress is coming. New CRRT machines are equipped with a friendly user interface that allows easy performance and monitoring, permitting outcome measurements and improved patient quality control. This review discusses the key concepts necessary to guide nephrologists to prescribe and deliver KRT to critically ill ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Macedo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jorge Cerdá
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, and St Peter's Healthcare Partners, Albany, New York, USA
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4
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Connor MJ, Lischer E, Cerdá J. Organizational and financial aspects of a continuous renal replacement therapy program. Semin Dial 2021; 34:510-517. [PMID: 34423866 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Critically ill patients who develop severe acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit often require treatment with renal replacement therapies (RRTs). This complication is associated with severe morbidity and mortality and high costs, both during hospitalization and postdischarge. This article discusses the operational requirements to develop and conduct a RRT program, as well as the financial implications of this complex form of patient care. The management of these programs must occur in a context where a clear organizational and educational framework and a multidisciplinary team ensures safety, effectiveness, cost-control, and a clear quality control framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Connor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jorge Cerdá
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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5
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Villa G, Fabbri S, Samoni S, Cecchi M, Fioccola A, Scirè-Calabrisotto C, Mari G, Pomarè Montin D, Romagnoli S. Methods for dose quantification in continuous renal replacement therapy: Toward a more precise approach. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1300-1307. [PMID: 33948973 PMCID: PMC8597082 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodic dose assessment is quintessential for dynamic dose adjustment and quality control of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The flows‐based methods to estimate dose are easy and reproducible methods to quantify (estimate) CRRT dose at the bedside. In particular, quantification of effluent flow and, mainly, the current dose (adjusted for dialysate, replacement, blood flows, and net ultrafiltration) is routinely used in clinical practice. Unfortunately, these methods are critically influenced by several external unpredictable factors; the estimated dose often overestimates the real biological delivered dose quantified through the measurement of urea clearance (the current effective delivered dose). Although the current effective delivered dose is undoubtedly more precise than the flows‐based dose estimation in quantifying CRRT efficacy, some limitations are reported for the urea‐based measurement of dose. This article aims to describe the standard of practice for dose quantification in critically ill patients with AKI undergoing CRRT in the intensive care unit. Pitfalls of current methods will be underlined, along with solutions potentially applicable to obtain more precise results in terms of (a) adequate marker solutes that should be used in accordance with the clinical scenario, (b) correct sampling procedures depending on the chosen indicator of transmembrane removal, (c) formulas for calculations, and (d) quality controls and benchmark indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Fabbri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Samoni
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASST Lariana, S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Matteo Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Industrial PhD in Clinical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Fioccola
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Scirè-Calabrisotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Mari
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Pomarè Montin
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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6
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7
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Precision renal replacement therapy. Curr Opin Crit Care 2021; 26:574-580. [PMID: 33002973 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the current evidence supporting the use of precision medicine in the delivery of acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) to critically ill patients, focusing on timing, solute control, anticoagulation and technologic innovation. RECENT FINDINGS Precision medicine is most applicable to the timing of RRT in critically ill patients. As recent randomized controlled trials have failed to provide consensus on when to initiate acute RRT, the decision to start acute RRT should be based on individual patient clinical characteristics (e.g. severity of the disease, evolution of clinical parameters) and logistic considerations (e.g. organizational issues, availability of machines and disposables). The delivery of a dynamic dialytic dose is another application of precision medicine, as patients may require different and varying dialysis doses depending on individual patient factors and clinical course. Although regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is recommended as first-line anticoagulation for continuous RRT, modifications to RCA protocols and consideration of other anticoagulants should be individualized to the patient's clinical condition. Finally, the evolution of RRT technology has improved precision in dialysis delivery through increased machine accuracy, connectivity to the electronic medical record and automated reduction of downtime. SUMMARY RRT has become a complex treatment for critically ill patients, which allows for the prescription to be precisely tailored to the different clinical requirements.
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8
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Buccione E, Guzzi F, Colosimo D, Tedesco B, Romagnoli S, Ricci Z, L'Erario M, Villa G. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-Life Prescriptions, Complications, and Outcomes. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:696798. [PMID: 34195164 PMCID: PMC8236631 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.696798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute kidney injury is a common finding in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), however, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is rarely applied in this setting. This study aims to describe our experience in the rate of application of CRRT, patients' clinical characteristics at admission and CRRT initiation, CRRT prescription, predictors of circuit clotting, short- and long-term outcomes. Methods: A 6-year single center retrospective study in a tertiary PICU. Results: Twenty-eight critically ill patients aged 0 to 18 years received CRRT between January 2012 and December 2017 (1.4% of all patients admitted to PICU). Complete clinical and CRRT technical information were available for 23/28 patients for a total of 101 CRRT sessions. CRRT was started, on average, 40 h (20-160) after PICU admission, mostly because of fluid overload. Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration and systemic heparinization were applied in 83.2 and 71.3% of sessions, respectively. Fifty-nine sessions (58.4%) were complicated by circuit clotting. At multivariate Cox-regression analysis, vascular access caliber larger than 8 Fr [HR 0.37 (0.19-0.72), p = 0.004] and regional citrate anticoagulation strategy [HR 0.14 (0.03-0.60), p = 0.008] were independent protective factors for clotting. PICU mortality rate was 42.8%, and six survivors developed chronic kidney disease (CKD), within an average follow up of 3.5 years. Conclusions: CRRT is uncommonly applied in our PICU, mostly within 2 days after admission and because of fluid overload. Larger vascular access and citrate anticoagulation are independent protective factors for circuit clotting. Patients' PICU mortality rate is high and survival often complicated by CKD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buccione
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AUSL Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Guzzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Denise Colosimo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Brigida Tedesco
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Romagnoli
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela L'Erario
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Villa
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
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9
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Ronco C, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Clark WR, Husain-Syed F, Kellum JA, Ricci Z, Rimmelé T, Reis T, Ostermann M. Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Organ Support in the Critically Ill Patient during COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Review and Recommendation. Blood Purif 2020; 50:17-27. [PMID: 32454500 PMCID: PMC7270067 DOI: 10.1159/000508125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill COVID-19 patients are generally admitted to the ICU for respiratory insufficiency which can evolve into a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome requiring extracorporeal organ support. Ongoing advances in technology and science and progress in information technology support the development of integrated multi-organ support platforms for personalized treatment according to the changing needs of the patient. Based on pathophysiological derangements observed in COVID-19 patients, a rationale emerges for sequential extracorporeal therapies designed to remove inflammatory mediators and support different organ systems. In the absence of vaccines or direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal therapies could represent an option to prevent organ failure and improve survival. The enormous demand in care for COVID-19 patients requires an immediate response from the scientific community. Thus, a detailed review of the available technology is provided by experts followed by a series of recommendation based on current experience and opinions, while waiting for generation of robust evidence from trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Centre for Integrated Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Clark
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-induced Immunosuppression", Pi3, Hospices Civils de Lyon - BioMérieux - Claude Bernard University Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thiago Reis
- Department of Nephrology, Clinica de Doenças Renais de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Critical Care, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is now the mainstay of renal organ support in the critically ill. As our understanding of CRRT delivery and its impact on patient outcomes improves there is a focus on researching the potential benefits of tailored, patient-specific treatments to meet dynamic needs. RECENT FINDINGS The most up-to-date studies investigating aspects of CRRT prescription that can be individualized: CRRT dose, timing, fluid management, membrane selection, anticoagulation and vascular access are reviewed. The use of different doses of CRRT lack conventional high-quality evidence and importantly studies reveal variation in assessment of dose delivery. Research reveals conflicting evidence for clinicians in distinguishing which patients will benefit from 'watchful waiting' vs. early initiation of CRRT. Both dynamic CRRT dosing and precision fluid management using CRRT are difficult to investigate and currently only observational data supports individualization of prescriptions. Similarly, individualization of membrane choice is largely experimental. SUMMARY Clinicians have limited evidence to individualize the prescription of CRRT. To develop this, we need to understand the requirements for renal support for individual patients, such as electrolyte imbalance, fluid overload or clearance of systemic inflammatory mediators to allow us to target these abnormalities in appropriately designed randomized trials.
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Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice via Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061412. [PMID: 31234591 PMCID: PMC6627762 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) was found to contain a large number of phenols and possess in vitro antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to investigate its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with EEIH for five days, and then LPS injection was applied to induce AKI. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and used for histopathology, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH not only significantly dose-dependently attenuated histological damage and reduced renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (from 9.77 ± 0.73 to 0.84 ± 0.30 U/g tissue) but also decreased serum creatinine (from 55.60 ± 2.70 to 27.20 ± 2.39 µmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (from 29.95 ± 1.96 to 16.12 ± 1.24 mmol/L) levels in LPS-treated mice. EEIH also markedly dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression and production of TNF-α (from 140.40 ± 5.15 to 84.74 ± 5.65 pg/mg), IL-1β (from 135.54 ± 8.20 to 77.15 ± 5.34 pg/mg), IL-6 (from 168.74 ± 7.23 to 119.16 ± 9.35 pg/mg), and COX-2 in renal tissue of LPS-treated mice via downregulating mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Moreover, EEIH significantly dose-dependently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (from 5.43 ± 0.43 to 2.80 ± 0.25 nmol/mg prot) and NO (from 1.01 ± 0.05 to 0.24 ± 0.05 µmol/g prot) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (from 22.32 ± 2.92 to 47.59 ± 3.79 U/mg prot) and glutathione (GSH) (from 6.57 ± 0.53 to 16.89 ± 0.68 µmol/g prot) levels in renal tissue induced by LPS through upregulating mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, EEIH inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that EEIH has protective effects against AKI in mice through regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Neri M, Lorenzin A, de Cal M, Brendolan A, Marchionna N, Samoni S, Zanella M, De Rosa S, Martino F, Ricci Z, Maynar J, Auzinger G, Villa G, Payen D, Joannidis M, Ronco C. ACUsmart Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Platform: Multicenter Pilot Study for Technical and Clinical Assessment (A.M.P. Study). Blood Purif 2019; 48:60-66. [PMID: 30712031 DOI: 10.1159/000496090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACUsmart (Medica S.P.A., Italy) is a new-generation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machine for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. We designed a multicenter international pilot study to provide a description of outlines of the ACUsmart system, evaluation aspects of functionality, usability, and feasibility, discriminating reasons of possible treatment's withdrawals or discontinuations and highlighting strong and weak points of the machine. METHODS Data of 23 CRRT (and 11 plasma exchange) treatments were collected from 4 intensive care units. Parameters such as treatment duration, downtime, delivered dose, and number and type of alarms were recorded. The general perception of the machine was quantified through the administration of a survey to each component of the evaluating staff. RESULTS A total treatment time of 447 h was carried with ACUsmart. Eleven continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, 4 continuous veno-venous hemodialysis , and 8 continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration were performed. The average percentage of net treatment duration with respect to total treatment duration was 92.37%. The mean prescribed dose and delivered dose were 26.33 and 24.10 mL/kg/h, respectively. In general, the machine was rated by users involved as practical and easy to use, although few components need to be slightly improved. CONCLUSION ACUsmart is a new multifunctional machine that meets most of the features required in a fourth-generation CRRT equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Neri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy,
| | - Anna Lorenzin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brendolan
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchionna
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Sara Samoni
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Martino
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Maynar
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Georg Auzinger
- King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Didier Payen
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Department Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation and International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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Oh HJ, An JN, Oh S, Rhee H, Lee JP, Kim DK, Ryu DR, Kim S. VolumE maNagement Under body composition monitoring in critically ill patientS on CRRT: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (VENUS trial). Trials 2018; 19:681. [PMID: 30541593 PMCID: PMC6292088 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent technical advances in the management of acute kidney injury (AKI), such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), intensive care unit mortality is still high, at approximately 40 to 50%. Although several factors have been reported to predict mortality in AKI patients, fluid overload (FO) during CRRT is a well-known predictor of patient survival. However, FO has been mostly quantified as an arithmetical calculation and determined on the basis of the physicians’ perception. Even though such quantification and assessment provides an easy evaluation of a patient’s fluid status and is a simple method, it is not applicable unless a detailed record of fluid monitoring is available. Furthermore, the method cannot differentiate excess water in individual water compartments but can only reflect excess total body water. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been used to measure the nutritional component of body composition and is a promising tool for the measurement of volume status. However, there has been no prospective interventional study for fluid balance among CRRT-treated AKI patients using BIA. Therefore, we will investigate the usefulness of fluid management using the InBody S10 (InBody®, Seoul, Korea), a BIA tool, compared with that of generally used quantification methods. Methods/design This will be a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 244 patients undergoing CRRT treatment will be enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either to InBody S10-guided management or to fluid management based only on clinical information for 7 days. The primary outcome is to compare the rate of euvolemic status 7 days after the initiation of CRRT, with a secondary outcome being to compare the 28-, 60-, and 90-day mortality rates between the two groups. Discussion This will be the first clinical trial to investigate the effect of using BIA-guided fluid management to achieve euvolemia in CRRT-treated AKI patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03330626. Registered on 6 November 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-3056-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jung Oh
- Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae, Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae, Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae, Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae, Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hueso M, Navarro E, Sandoval D, Cruzado JM. Progress in the Development and Challenges for the Use of Artificial Kidneys and Wearable Dialysis Devices. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 5:3-10. [PMID: 30815458 DOI: 10.1159/000492932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the shortage of kidneys and the disabling medical conditions these patients suffer from make dialysis essential for most of them. Since dialysis drastically affects the patients' lifestyle, there are great expectations for the development of wearable artificial kidneys, although their use is currently impeded by major concerns about safety. On the other hand, dialysis patients with hemodynamic instability do not usually tolerate intermittent dialysis therapy because of their inability to adapt to a changing scenario of unforeseen events. Thus, the development of novel wearable dialysis devices and the improvement of clinical tolerance will need contributions from new branches of engineering such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for the real-time analysis of equipment alarms, dialysis parameters, and patient-related data with a real-time feedback response. These technologies are endowed with abilities normally associated with human intelligence such as learning, problem solving, human speech understanding, or planning and decision-making. Examples of common applications of AI are visual perception (computer vision), speech recognition, and language translation. In this review, we discuss recent progresses in the area of dialysis and challenges for the use of AI in the development of artificial kidneys. Summary and Key Messages Emerging technologies derived from AI, ML, electronics, and robotics will offer great opportunities for dialysis therapy, but much innovation is needed before we achieve a smart dialysis machine able to analyze and understand changes in patient homeostasis and to respond appropriately in real time. Great efforts are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to provide alternative cell-based approaches for the treatment of renal failure, including bioartificial renal systems and the implantation of bioengineered kidney constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueso
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Diego Sandoval
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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15
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16
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Nemeth E, Szigeti S, Varga T, Daroczi L, Barati Z, Merkely B, Gal J. Continuous cytokine haemoadsorption incorporated into a venoarterial ECMO circuit for the management of postcardiotomy cardiogenic and septic shock – a case report. Perfusion 2018; 33:593-596. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659118777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The acute surgical treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) carries a high risk of postoperative mortality. Most complications are linked to uncontrolled sepsis and inflammatory processes. Cytokine haemoadsorption is an extracorporeal technique which has benefits reported in haemodynamic stability and inflammatory response. Case Report: A 46-year-old male patient underwent emergency cardiac surgery due to progressive IE. Postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock associated with cardiac surgery required the implantation of venoarterial (VA)-ECMO. Three days later, the patient developed secondary septic shock. The novel application of continuous CytoSorbTM treatment installed in the VA-ECMO circuit is demonstrated in this case during the management of simultaneous shocks. Advanced intensive care led to an improvement in the patient’s condition, which facilitated successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, the patient died from a new onset fulminant septic shock two months after his initial cardiac surgery. Discussion: VA-ECMO is suitable for installation of the CytoSorbTM cartridge. This modality could be an option for high-volume, continuous cytokine haemoadsorption when VA-ECMO is employed without renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: This specific application of CytoSorbTM was safe, feasible and contributed to the optimal management of simultaneous shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Nemeth
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szigeti
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Daroczi
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Barati
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Gal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Honore PM, Spapen HD. Fulminant myocarditis in children. Continuous renal replacement therapy to the rescue? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:941-942. [PMID: 29451654 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.11.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Honore
- MD, PhD, FCCM, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine and Co-director of Research, ICU Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herbert D Spapen
- MD, PhD, FCCM, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, Head of Unit and Director of Research, ICU Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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An X, Shang F. RA-XII exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal injury by suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs regulated by HO-1/Nrf2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2317-2323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Romagnoli S, Clark WR, Ricci Z, Ronco C. Renal replacement therapy for AKI: When? How much? When to stop? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2017; 31:371-385. [PMID: 29248144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a serious clinical disorder in the intensive care unit (ICU), occurring in a significant proportion of critically ill patients. However, many questions remain about the optimal administration of RRT with regard to several important considerations, including treatment dose, timing of treatment initiation and cessation, therapy mode, type of anticoagulation, and management of fluid overload. While Level 1 evidence exists for RRT dosing in AKI, all the studies contributing to this evidence base employed fixed-dose regimens throughout a patient's continuous RRT (CRRT) course, without regard for the possibility of individualizing treatment dose according to the clinical status of a given patient at a specific time. As opposed to CRRT dose, no consensus about the timing of RRT in critically ill AKI patients exists currently. While numerous clinical trials over the past 40 years have attempted to assess "early" versus "late" initiation of RRT, they have been plagued by a myriad of methodological problems, including their largely observational nature and the widely varying definitions of early and late initiation. Although questions about the appropriate timing of CRRT discontinuation arise very frequently in clinical practice, even less information is available in the literature to guide this important decision. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on RRT delivery to critically ill AKI patients, with specific attention paid to treatment dose and timing and emphasis on addressing the practical questions that arise in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Romagnoli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - William R Clark
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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20
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Ricci Z, Romagnoli S, Ronco C. Automatic Dialysis and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Keeping the Primacy of Human Consciousness and Fighting the Dark Side of Technology. Blood Purif 2017; 44:271-275. [DOI: 10.1159/000481716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Schell-Chaple H. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies: Raising the Bar for Quality Care. AACN Adv Crit Care 2017; 28:28-40. [PMID: 28254853 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2017235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hildy Schell-Chaple
- Hildy Schell-Chaple is Clinical Nurse Specialist, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143
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22
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Schell-Chaple H. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Update: An Emphasis on Safe and High-Quality Care. AACN Adv Crit Care 2017; 28:31-40. [PMID: 28254854 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2017816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was introduced more than 40 years ago as a renal support option for critically ill patients who had contraindications to intermittent hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Despite being the most common renal support therapy used in intensive care units today, the tremendous variability in CRRT management challenges the interpretation of findings from CRRT outcome studies. The lack of standardization in practice and training of clinicians along with the high risk of CRRT-related adverse events has been the impetus for the recent expert consensus work on identifying quality indicators for CRRT programs. This article summarizes the potential complications that establish CRRT as a high-risk therapy and also the recently published best-practice recommendations for providing high-quality CRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildy Schell-Chaple
- Hildy Schell-Chaple is Clinical Nurse Specialist, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143
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23
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Annigeri RA, Ostermann M, Tolwani A, Vazquez-Rangel A, Ponce D, Bagga A, Chakravarthi R, Mehta RL. Renal Support for Acute Kidney Injury in the Developing World. Kidney Int Rep 2017. [PMCID: PMC5678608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev A. Annigeri
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
- Correspondence: Dr. Rajeev A. Annigeri, Apollo Hospitals, Department of Nephrology, 21, Greams Lane, Off Greams Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India.Apollo Hospitals, Department of Nephrology21, Greams Lane, Off Greams RoadChennaiTamil Nadu 600006India
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Nephrology & Critical Care, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ashita Tolwani
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Daniela Ponce
- Department of Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ravindra L. Mehta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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24
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Bellomo R, Vaara ST, Kellum JA. How to improve the care of patients with acute kidney injury. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:727-729. [PMID: 28600756 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care and Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Suvi T Vaara
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Clark WR, Leblanc M, Ricci Z, Ronco C. Quantification and Dosing of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury: A Reappraisal. Blood Purif 2017; 44:140-155. [PMID: 28586767 DOI: 10.1159/000475457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Delivered dialysis therapy is routinely measured in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease; yet, the quantification of renal replacement prescription and delivery in acute kidney injury (AKI) is less established. While continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is widely understood to have greater solute clearance capabilities relative to intermittent therapies, neither urea nor any other solute is specifically employed for CRRT dose assessments in clinical practice at present. Instead, the normalized effluent rate is the gold standard for CRRT dosing, although this parameter does not provide an accurate estimation of actual solute clearance for different modalities. METHODS Because this situation has created confusion among clinicians, we reappraise dose prescription and delivery for CRRT. RESULTS A critical review of RRT quantification in AKI is provided. CONCLUSION We propose an adaptation of a maintenance dialysis parameter (standard Kt/V) as a benchmark to supplement effluent-based dosing of CRRT. Video Journal Club "Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco" at http://www.karger.com/?doi=475457.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Clark
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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26
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Abstract
In 1977 Peter Kramer performed the first CAVH (continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration) treatment in Gottingen, Germany. CAVH soon became a reliable alternative to hemo- or peritoneal dialysis in critically ill patients. The limitations of CAVH spurred new research and the discovery of new treatments such as CVVH and CVVHD (continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis). The alliance with industry led to development of new specialized equipment with improved accuracy and performance in delivering continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs). Machines and filters have progressively undergone a series of technological steps, reaching a high level of sophistication. The evolution of technology has continued, leading to the development and clinical application of new membranes, new techniques and new treatment modalities. With the progress of technology, the entire field of critical care nephrology moved forward, expanding the areas of application of extracorporeal therapies to cardiac, liver and pulmonary support. A great deal of research made extracorporeal therapies an interesting option for the treatment of sepsis and intoxication and the additional use of sorbents was explored. With the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), new guidelines were developed, driving indications, modalities of prescription, monitoring techniques and quality assurance programs. Information technology and precision medicine have recently contributed to further evolution of CRRT, with the possibility of collecting data in large databases and evaluating policies and practice patterns. This is likely to ultimately result in improved patient care. CRRTs are 40 years old today, but they are still young and full of potential for further evolution.
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27
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Continuous hemoadsorption with a cytokine adsorber during sepsis - a review of the literature. Int J Artif Organs 2017; 40:205-211. [PMID: 28525674 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a well-recognized healthcare issue worldwide, ultimately resulting in significant mortality, morbidity and resource utilization during and after critical illness. In its most severe form, sepsis causes multi-organ dysfunction that produces a state of critical illness characterized by severe immune dysfunction and catabolism. Sepsis induces the activation of complement factor via 3 pathways and the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), resulting in a systemic inflammatory response. The inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release induced by sepsis decrease systemic vascular resistance, resulting in profound hypotension. The combination of hypotension and microvascular occlusion results in tissue ischemia and ultimately leads to multiple organ failure. Several clinical and experimental studies have reported that treatment using adsorption of cytokines is beneficial during endotoxemia and sepsis. This review article analyzes the efficacy of CytoSorb® adsorber in reducing the inflammatory response during sepsis. The CytoSorb® adsorber is known to have excellent adsorption rates for inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Studies have demonstrated that treatment with cytokine adsorbing columns has beneficial effects on the survival rate and inflammatory responses in animal septic models. Additionally, several cases have been reported in which treatment with cytokine adsorbing columns is very effective in hemodynamic stabilization and in preventing organ failure in critically ill patients. Although further investigations and clinical trials are needed, treatment with cytokine adsorbing columns may play an important role in the treatment of sepsis in the near future.
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28
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Clark WR, Neri M, Garzotto F, Ricci Z, Goldstein SL, Ding X, Xu J, Ronco C. The future of critical care: renal support in 2027. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:92. [PMID: 28395664 PMCID: PMC5387317 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception four decades ago, both the clinical and technologic aspects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have evolved substantially. Devices now specifically designed for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury are widely available and the clinical challenges associated with treating this complex patient population continue to be addressed. However, several important questions remain unanswered, leaving doubts in the minds of many clinicians about therapy prescription/delivery and patient management. Specifically, questions surrounding therapy dosing, timing of initiation and termination, fluid management, anticoagulation, drug dosing, and data analytics may lead to inconsistent delivery of CRRT and even reluctance to prescribe it. In this review, we discuss current limitations of CRRT and potential solutions over the next decade from both a patient management and a technology perspective. We also address the issue of sustainability for CRRT and related therapies beyond 2027 and raise several points for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Clark
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive; FRNY 1051, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Mauro Neri
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Garzotto
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart L Goldstein
- Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai Quality Control Center for Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Shanghai Quality Control Center for Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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29
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Neri M, Villa G, Garzotto F, Bagshaw S, Bellomo R, Cerda J, Ferrari F, Guggia S, Joannidis M, Kellum J, Kim JC, Mehta RL, Ricci Z, Trevisani A, Marafon S, Clark WR, Vincent JL, Ronco C. Nomenclature for renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: basic principles. Crit Care 2016; 20:318. [PMID: 27719682 PMCID: PMC5056503 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the conclusions of a consensus expert conference on the basic principles and nomenclature of renal replacement therapy (RRT) currently utilized to manage acute kidney injury (AKI). This multidisciplinary consensus conference discusses common definitions, components, techniques, and operations of the machines and platforms used to deliver extracorporeal therapies, utilizing a "machine-centric" rather than a "patient-centric" approach. We provide a detailed description of the performance characteristics of membranes, filters, transmembrane transport of solutes and fluid, flows, and methods of measurement of delivered treatment, focusing on continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) which are utilized in the management of critically ill patients with AKI. This is a consensus report on nomenclature harmonization for principles of extracorporeal renal replacement therapies. Devices and operations are classified and defined in detail to serve as guidelines for future use of terminology in papers and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Neri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy.,Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Villa
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Garzotto
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Sean Bagshaw
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jorge Cerda
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12209, USA
| | - Fiorenza Ferrari
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Silvia Guggia
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeong Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ravindra L Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zaccaria Ricci
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Trevisani
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvio Marafon
- Department of Intensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - William R Clark
- Purdue University College of Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi 37, Vicenza, 36100, Italy.
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Data analytics for continuous renal replacement therapy: historical limitations and recent technology advances. Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39:399-406. [PMID: 27748946 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dialysis is a highly quantitative therapy involving large volumes of both clinical and technical data. While automated data collection has been implemented for chronic dialysis, this has not been done for acute kidney injury patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). METHODS After a brief review of the fundamental aspects of electronic medical records (EMRs), a new tool designed to provide clinicians with individualized CRRT treatment data is analyzed, with emphasis on its quality assurance capabilities. RESULTS The first platform addressing the problem of data collection and management with current CRRT machines (Sharesource system; Baxter Healthcare) is described. The system provides connectivity for the Prismaflex CRRT machine and enables both EMR connectivity and therapy analytics with 2 basic components: the connect module and the report module. CONCLUSIONS The enormous amount of data in CRRT should be collected and analyzed to enable adequate clinical decisions. Current CRRT technology presents significant limitations with consequent lack of rigorous analysis of technical data and relevant feedback. From a quality assurance perspective, these limitations preclude any systematic assessment of prescription and delivery trends that may be adversely affecting clinical outcomes. A detailed assessment of current practice limitations is provided together with several possible ways to address such limitations by a new technical tool.
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Kipnis E, Garzotto F, Ronco C. Timing of RRT initiation in critically-ill patients: time for precision medicine. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1242-E1243. [PMID: 27867598 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.10.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kipnis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francesco Garzotto
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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