Ellis K, Marlin JW, Taylor TAH, Fitting S, Hauser KF, Rice G, McRae M. The effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the expression of the drug efflux proteins P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in a human intestine model.
ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014;
67:178-88. [PMID:
25557407 DOI:
10.1111/jphp.12329]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, decreased penetration of antiretroviral drugs is postulated to contribute to HIV persistence within lymphoid-rich regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, mechanistic explanations for this phenomenon remain unclear. Specifically, investigations of HIV effects on drug efflux proteins within intestinal models are minimal.
METHODS
Using an in-vitro co-culture model of the GI tract, the effects of HIV infection on drug efflux proteins, P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were evaluated. The influence of the HIV-1 protein, Tat, and oxidative stress on P-glycoprotein and BCRP was also evaluated.
KEY FINDINGS
P-glycoprotein expression demonstrated an HIV-induced upregulation in Caco-2 cells over time for cells grown in co-culture with resting lymphocytes. BCRP overall expression increased with HIV exposure in activated primary human lymphocytes co-cultured with Caco-2 cells. Tat treatment resulted in no significant alterations in P-glycoprotein (43% increase), BCRP expression, or oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV exposure within an in-vitro intestinal model resulted in increases in P-glycoprotein and BCRP in a cell-specific manner. Additionally, observed changes were not mediated by Tat. Collectively, these results suggest that alterations in BCRP and P-glycoprotein may contribute, in part, to decreased antiretroviral concentrations within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of the GI tract in HIV infection.
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