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Bouvard B, Mabilleau G. Gut hormones and bone homeostasis: potential therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01000-z. [PMID: 38858581 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone resorption follows a circadian rhythm, with a marked reduction in circulating markers of resorption (such as carboxy-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type I in serum) in the postprandial period. Several gut hormones, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and GLP2, have been linked to this effect in humans and rodent models. These hormones are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract in response to a variety of stimuli and effect a wide range of physiological processes within and outside the gut. Single GLP1, dual GLP1-GIP or GLP1-glucagon and triple GLP1-GIP-glucagon receptor agonists have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. In addition, single GIP, GLP1 and GLP2 analogues have been investigated in preclinical studies as novel therapeutics to improve bone strength in bone fragility disorders. Dual GIP-GLP2 analogues have been developed that show therapeutic promise for bone fragility in preclinical studies and seem to exert considerable activity at the bone material level. This Review summarizes the evidence of the action of gut hormones on bone homeostasis and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bouvard
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS UMR 1229, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS UMR 1229, Angers, France.
- CHU Angers, Departement de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Angers, France.
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Zeve D, Stas E, de Sousa Casal J, Mannam P, Qi W, Yin X, Dubois S, Shah MS, Syverson EP, Hafner S, Karp JM, Carlone DL, Ordovas-Montanes J, Breault DT. Robust differentiation of human enteroendocrine cells from intestinal stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:261. [PMID: 35017529 PMCID: PMC8752608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine (EE) cells are the most abundant hormone-producing cells in humans and are critical regulators of energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal function. Challenges in converting human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into functional EE cells, ex vivo, have limited progress in elucidating their role in disease pathogenesis and in harnessing their therapeutic potential. To address this, we employed small molecule targeting of the endocannabinoid receptor signaling pathway, JNK, and FOXO1, known to mediate endodermal development and/or hormone production, together with directed differentiation of human ISCs from the duodenum and rectum. We observed marked induction of EE cell differentiation and gut-derived expression and secretion of SST, 5HT, GIP, CCK, GLP-1 and PYY upon treatment with various combinations of three small molecules: rimonabant, SP600125 and AS1842856. Robust differentiation strategies capable of driving human EE cell differentiation is a critical step towards understanding these essential cells and the development of cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeve
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eric Stas
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Joshua de Sousa Casal
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Prabhath Mannam
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Wanshu Qi
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah Dubois
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.416498.60000 0001 0021 3995School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Manasvi S. Shah
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Erin P. Syverson
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sophie Hafner
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Diana L. Carlone
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - David T. Breault
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Schlegel N, Boerner K, Waschke J. Targeting desmosomal adhesion and signalling for intestinal barrier stabilization in inflammatory bowel diseases-Lessons from experimental models and patients. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13492. [PMID: 32419327 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) have a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis which is incompletely understood. A typical feature closely associated with clinical symptoms is impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. Mounting evidence suggests that desmosomes, which together with tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) form the intestinal epithelial barrier, play a distinct role in IBD pathogenesis. This is based on the finding that desmoglein (Dsg) 2, a cadherin-type adhesion molecule of desmosomes, is required for maintenance of intestinal barrier properties both in vitro and in vivo, presumably via Dsg2-mediated regulation of TJ. Mice deficient for intestinal Dsg2 show increased basal permeability and are highly susceptible to experimental colitis. In several cohorts of IBD patients, intestinal protein levels of Dsg2 are reduced and desmosome ultrastructure is altered suggesting that Dsg2 is involved in IBD pathogenesis. In addition to its adhesive function, Dsg2 contributes to enterocyte cohesion and intestinal barrier function. Dsg2 is also involved in enterocyte proliferation, barrier differentiation and induction of apoptosis, in part by regulation of p38MAPK and EGFR signalling. In IBD, the function of Dsg2 appears to be compromised via p38MAPK activation, which is a critical pathway for regulation of desmosomes and is associated with keratin phosphorylation in IBD patients. In this review, the current findings on the role of Dsg2 as a novel promising target to prevent loss of intestinal barrier function in IBD patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Germany
| | - Kevin Boerner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany
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Santos AGAD, Lima LLD, Mota CA, Gois MB, Fernandes ACBS, Silveira TGV, Sant'Ana DDMG, Nogueira de Melo GDA. Insights of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) intestine. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1624-1632. [PMID: 30119238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study compared and evaluated morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters infected by two L. (V.) braziliensis strains isolated from patients with different lesion aspects and treatment responses. MAIN METHODS Hamsters were infected in the left hindpaw with a suspension of promastigotes (2 × 107/100 μl) of two different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis. After 90 or 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Samples of the ileum and mesenteric lymph node were collected for histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. KEY FINDINGS All infected animals developed similar profile of paw lesions. In peripheral blood there was an increase in the number of mononuclear cells which contributed to elevated global leukocytes count. Increases in the width and height of villi and width and depth of crypts were observed. The thickness of the muscular layers, submucosa, and intestinal wall also increased. Histopathological alterations were observed, including inflammatory infiltrate in crypts and a large number of immune cells in the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscular layer. Immune cells were found inside myenteric ganglia, with an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Leishmania DNA was detected in the ileum and mesenteric lymph node at both times of infection. The presence of amastigotes in the ileum was revealed by immunohistochemistry. SIGNIFICANCE The infection with different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis causes morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters and the parasite can migrate to the mesenteric lymph node and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lainy Leiny de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Mota
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Viriato Lobo Street, 44571-020, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
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