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Haq I, Jayappa S, Desai SK, Ramakrishnaiah R, Choudhary AK. Spinal ligamentous injury in abusive head trauma: a pictorial review. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:971-979. [PMID: 33999239 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of spine injury in abusive head trauma (AHT). Historically, spine injury was considered rare in AHT because of a lack of attributable clinical symptoms or signs and a lack of advanced imaging. Increased use of MRI in AHT has been instrumental in helping identify evidence of ligamentous injuries of the spine. These findings can be difficult to identify on autopsy because of the size and location of the ligaments. Because spinal injury in AHT mostly involves ligamentous and soft tissues and only rarely involves bony fractures, more than 90% of the injury findings are missed on CT or radiography of the spine. Investigation of these findings and the injury patterns should lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of spinal injury. In this pictorial review, we describe the various manifestations of spinal ligamentous injury in AHT, as seen on MRI, in children younger than 48 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Haq
- Department of Radiology,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS),, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 556, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Sateesh Jayappa
- Department of Radiology,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS),, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 556, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shivang K Desai
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Ramakrishnaiah
- Department of Radiology,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS),, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 556, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Arabinda K Choudhary
- Department of Radiology,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS),, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 556, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Kazmir S, Rosado N. Abusive Head Trauma: A Review of Current Knowledge. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2020.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric trauma patients suspected of having cervical spine injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 87:1328-1335. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gunda D, Cornwell BO, Dahmoush HM, Jazbeh S, Alleman AM. Pediatric Central Nervous System Imaging of Nonaccidental Trauma: Beyond Subdural Hematomas. Radiographics 2019; 39:213-228. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gunda
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 (D.G., B.O.C., S.J., A.M.A.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif (H.M.D.)
| | - Benjamin O. Cornwell
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 (D.G., B.O.C., S.J., A.M.A.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif (H.M.D.)
| | - Hisham M. Dahmoush
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 (D.G., B.O.C., S.J., A.M.A.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif (H.M.D.)
| | - Sammer Jazbeh
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 (D.G., B.O.C., S.J., A.M.A.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif (H.M.D.)
| | - Anthony M. Alleman
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Garrison Tower, Suite 4G4250, Oklahoma City, OK 73126 (D.G., B.O.C., S.J., A.M.A.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif (H.M.D.)
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Henry MK, Wood JN. Advanced Cervical Spine Imaging in Abusive Head Trauma: An Update on Recent Literature and Future Directions. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:733-735. [PMID: 29859269 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Katherine Henry
- Center for Child Protection and Health and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness (Drs Henry and Wood), and PolicyLab (Dr Wood), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn.
| | - Joanne N Wood
- Center for Child Protection and Health and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness (Drs Henry and Wood), and PolicyLab (Dr Wood), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
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