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Derouiche L, Irzagh A, Rahmouni R, Tahri R, Hadjeloum M, Bouhadad R, Fernandes C. Deep mitochondrial DNA phylogeographic divergence in the threatened aoudad Ammotragus lervia (Bovidae, Caprini). Gene 2020; 739:144510. [PMID: 32109559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aoudad or Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) is a threatened ungulate emblematic of North Africa, whose population structure and subspecific taxonomy have not been examined genetically. This knowledge is essential and urgently needed to inform ongoing conservation and management efforts. We analysed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and four nuclear genes (casein kappa, spectrin beta nonerythrocytic 1, thyroglobulin, thyrotropin subunit beta) for the first phylogeographic survey of the aoudad, and uncovered a deep Mediterranean-Saharan mitochondrial split separating two highly distinct evolutionary lineages. Their level of divergence is greater than or comparable to those observed between several pairs of congeneric species of different caprine genera. The split was estimated to have occurred in the Early Pleistocene, about 1.3 million years ago. None of the four nuclear genes surveyed, chosen because they have been used in phylogeographic and species-level phylogenetic studies of bovids, allowed us to detect, likely due to their slow evolutionary rate, the substantial and geographically coherent subdivision revealed by mitochondrial DNA. This study is evidence and testament to the ability of mitochondrial DNA, probably unrivalled by any other single-locus marker, as an exploratory tool for investigating population genealogy and history and identifying potential evolutionarily significant units for conservation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Derouiche
- LBEIG, Population Genetics & Conservation Unit, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Ahmed Irzagh
- Département de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Saad Dahlab de Blida, route de Soumâa, BP 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Rafiq Rahmouni
- Réserve de Chasse de Tlemcen, Direction Générale des Forêts (DGF), Boulevard de Lala Sitti, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | | | - Mohamed Hadjeloum
- Bureau de la Gestion et Protection de la Faune, Direction Générale des Forêts (DGF), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rachid Bouhadad
- LBEIG, Population Genetics & Conservation Unit, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Louzada S, Lopes M, Ferreira D, Adega F, Escudeiro A, Gama-Carvalho M, Chaves R. Decoding the Role of Satellite DNA in Genome Architecture and Plasticity-An Evolutionary and Clinical Affair. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E72. [PMID: 31936645 PMCID: PMC7017282 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive DNA is a major organizational component of eukaryotic genomes, being intrinsically related with their architecture and evolution. Tandemly repeated satellite DNAs (satDNAs) can be found clustered in specific heterochromatin-rich chromosomal regions, building vital structures like functional centromeres and also dispersed within euchromatin. Interestingly, despite their association to critical chromosomal structures, satDNAs are widely variable among species due to their high turnover rates. This dynamic behavior has been associated with genome plasticity and chromosome rearrangements, leading to the reshaping of genomes. Here we present the current knowledge regarding satDNAs in the light of new genomic technologies, and the challenges in the study of these sequences. Furthermore, we discuss how these sequences, together with other repeats, influence genome architecture, impacting its evolution and association with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Louzada
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Filomena Adega
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Escudeiro
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.L.); (M.L.); (D.F.); (F.A.); (A.E.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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