1
|
Dawoud A, Youness RA, Nafea H, Manie T, Bourquin C, Szabo C, Abdel-Kader RM, Gad MZ. Pan-inhibition of the three H 2S synthesizing enzymes restrains tumor progression and immunosuppression in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38627665 PMCID: PMC11020979 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a significant endogenous mediator that has been implicated in the progression of various forms of cancer including breast cancer (BC). Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) are the three principal mammalian enzymes responsible for H2S production. Overexpression of CBS, CSE and 3MST was found to be associated with poor prognosis of BC patients. Moreover, H2S was linked to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in BC. Recently it was observed that BC cells, in response to single or dual inhibition of H2S synthesizing enzymes, develop an escape mechanism by overexpressing alternative sources of H2S generation. Thus, the aim of this work is to escape the H2S compensatory mechanism by pan repressing the three enzymes using microRNAs (miRNAs) and to investigate their impact on the oncogenic and immunogenic profile of BC cells. METHODS BC female patients (n = 25) were recruited. In-silico analysis was used to identify miRNAs targeting CBS, CSE, and 3MST. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured and transfected using oligonucleotides. Total RNA was extracted using Biazol, reverse transcribed and quantified using qRT-PCR. H2S levels were measured using AzMc assay. BC hallmarks were assessed using trans-well migration, wound healing, MTT, and colony forming assays. RESULTS miR-193a and miR-548c were validated by eight different bioinformatics software to simultaneously target CBS, CSE and 3MST. MiR-193a and miR-548c were significantly downregulated in BC tissues compared to their non-cancerous counterparts. Ectopic expression of miR-193a and miR-548c in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells resulted in a marked repression of CBS, CSE, and 3MST transcript and protein levels, a significant decrease in H2S levels, reduction in cellular viability, inhibition of migration and colony forming ability, repression of immune-suppressor proteins GAL3 GAL9, and CD155 and upregulation of the immunostimulatory MICA and MICB proteins. CONCLUSION This study sheds the light onto miR-193a and miR-548c as potential pan-repressors of the H2S synthesizing enzymes. and identifies them as novel tumor suppressor and immunomodulatory miRNAs in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Dawoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Nafea
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Manie
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carole Bourquin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Reham M Abdel-Kader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liskova V, Chovancova B, Babula P, Rezuchova I, Pavlov KP, Matuskova M, Krizanova O. Cystathionine β-synthase affects organization of cytoskeleton and modulates carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1178021. [PMID: 37483514 PMCID: PMC10361516 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1178021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), one of three enzymes that endogenously produce hydrogen sulfide, is extensively studied for its relevance in the cells of various tumors. In our previous work, we observed that the immunofluorescence pattern of CBS is very similar to that of tubulin and actin. Therefore, we focused on the potential interaction of CBS with cytoskeletal proteins β-actin and β-tubulin and the functional relevance of the potential interaction of these proteins in colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Methods To study the potential interaction of CBS with cytoskeletal proteins and its functional consequences, a CBS-knockout DLD1 (DLDx) cell line was established by using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method. The interaction of the selected cytoskeletal protein with CBS was studied by immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. The functional consequences were studied by proliferation and migration assays and by generation of xenografts in SCID/bg mice. Results We have found that CBS, an enzyme that endogenously produces H2S, binds to cytoskeletal β-tubulin and, to a lesser extent, also to β-actin in colorectal carcinoma-derived cells. When CBS was knocked out by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique (DLDx), we observed a de-arranged cytoskeleton compared to the unmodified DLD1 cell line. Treatment of these cells with a slow sulfide donor GYY4137 resulted in normal organization of the cytoskeleton, thus pointing to the role of CBS in microtubule dynamics. To evaluate the physiological importance of this observation, both DLD1 and DLDx cells were injected into SCID/bg mice, and the size and mass of the developed xenografts were evaluated. Significantly larger tumors developed from DLDx compared to the DLD1 cells, which correlated with the increased proliferation of these cells. Conclusions Taken together, in colorectal cancer DLD1 cells, CBS binds to the cytoskeleton, modulates microtubule dynamics, and thus affects the proliferation and migration in the colorectal carcinoma stable cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Liskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Chovancova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ingeborg Rezuchova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Ploth Pavlov
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rao SP, Dobariya P, Bellamkonda H, More SS. Role of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in Physiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030603. [PMID: 36978851 PMCID: PMC10045210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) plays the important role of producing hydrogen sulfide. Conserved from bacteria to Mammalia, this enzyme is localized in mitochondria as well as the cytoplasm. 3-MST mediates the reaction of 3-mercaptopyruvate with dihydrolipoic acid and thioredoxin to produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is also produced through cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, along with 3-MST, and is known to alleviate a variety of illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological conditions. The importance of cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase in hydrogen sulfide biogenesis is well-described, but documentation of the 3-MST pathway is limited. This account compiles the current state of knowledge about the role of 3-MST in physiology and pathology. Attempts at targeting the 3-MST pathway for therapeutic benefit are discussed, highlighting the potential of 3-MST as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
4
|
Khattak S, Rauf MA, Khan NH, Zhang QQ, Chen HJ, Muhammad P, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Jahangir M, Zhang CY, Ji XY, Wu DD. Hydrogen Sulfide Biology and Its Role in Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113389. [PMID: 35684331 PMCID: PMC9181954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous biologically active gas produced in mammalian tissues. It plays a very critical role in many pathophysiological processes in the body. It can be endogenously produced through many enzymes analogous to the cysteine family, while the exogenous source may involve inorganic sulfide salts. H2S has recently been well investigated with regard to the onset of various carcinogenic diseases such as lung, breast, ovaries, colon cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. H2S is considered an oncogenic gas, and a potential therapeutic target for treating and diagnosing cancers, due to its role in mediating the development of tumorigenesis. Here in this review, an in-detail up-to-date explanation of the potential role of H2S in different malignancies has been reported. The study summarizes the synthesis of H2S, its roles, signaling routes, expressions, and H2S release in various malignancies. Considering the critical importance of this active biological molecule, we believe this review in this esteemed journal will highlight the oncogenic role of H2S in the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hao-Jie Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami 839000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (S.K.); (N.H.K.); (Q.-Q.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.J.); (D.-D.W.); Tel.: +86-371-67967151 (C.-Y.Z.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ascenção K, Szabo C. Emerging roles of cystathionine β-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102331. [PMID: 35618601 PMCID: PMC9168780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the reverse transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is markedly increased in many forms of cancer, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast and kidney, while in other cancers (liver cancer and glioma) it becomes downregulated. According to the clinical database data in high-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. colon or ovarian cancer), high CBS expression typically predicts lower survival, while in the low-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. liver cancer), low CBS expression is associated with lower survival. In the high-CBS expressing tumor cells, CBS, and its product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a bioenergetic, proliferative, cytoprotective and stemness factor; it also supports angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the cancer microenvironment. The current article reviews the various tumor-cell-supporting roles of the CBS/H2S axis in high-CBS expressor cancers and overviews the anticancer effects of CBS silencing and pharmacological CBS inhibition in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo; it also outlines potential approaches for biomarker identification, to support future targeted cancer therapies based on pharmacological CBS inhibition.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu DD, Ngowi EE, Zhai YK, Wang YZ, Khan NH, Kombo AF, Khattak S, Li T, Ji XY. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oral Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1886277. [PMID: 35116090 PMCID: PMC8807043 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1886277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common human diseases yet less studied. These diseases affect both the physical, mental, and social health of the patients resulting in poor quality of life. They affect all ages, although severe stages are mostly observed in older individuals. Poor oral hygiene, genetics, and environmental factors contribute enormously to the development and progression of these diseases. Although there are available treatment options for these diseases, the recurrence of the diseases hinders their efficiency. Oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are highly produced in oral cavity as a result of bacteria activities. Together with bacteria components such as lipopolysaccharides, VSCs participate in the progression of oral diseases by regulating cellular activities and interfering with the immune response. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous neurotransmitter primarily produced endogenously and is involved in the regulation of cellular activities. The gas is also among the VSCs produced by oral bacteria. In numerous diseases, H2S have been reported to have dual effects depending on the cell, concentration, and donor used. In oral diseases, high production and subsequent utilization of this gas have been reported. Also, this high production is associated with the progression of oral diseases. In this review, we will discuss the production of H2S in oral cavity, its interaction with cellular activities, and most importantly its role in oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Yuan-Kun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ahmad Fadhil Kombo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shackelford R, Ozluk E, Islam MZ, Hopper B, Meram A, Ghali G, Kevil CG. Hydrogen sulfide and DNA repair. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101675. [PMID: 33202302 PMCID: PMC7677119 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that exposing cells to exogenous H 2 S or inhibiting cellular H 2 S synthesis can modulate cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage and repair, and the expression of proteins involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, all suggesting that H 2 S plays an important role in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here we review the role of H 2 S in the DRR and maintenance of genomic stability. Treatment of various cell types with pharmacologic H 2 S donors or cellular H 2 S synthesis inhibitors modulate the G 1 checkpoint, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and cause p21, and p53 induction. Moreover, in some cell models H 2 S exposure induces PARP-1 and g-H2AX foci formation, increases PCNA, CHK2, Ku70, Ku80, and DNA polymerase-d protein expression, and maintains mitochondrial genomic stability. Our group has also revealed that H 2 S bioavailability and the ATR kinase regulate each other with ATR inhibition lowering cellular H 2 S concentrations, whereas intracellular H 2 S concentrations regulate ATR kinase activity via ATR serine 435 phosphorylation. In summary, these findings have many implications for the DDR, for cancer chemotherapy, and fundamental biochemical metabolic pathways involving H 2 S. Inhibition of the ATR kinase lowers intracellular H2S concentrations. Inhibition of H2S synthesis activates the ATR kinase and increases its kinase activity. Inhibition of H2S synthesis combined with low-level oxidative stress increases genomic instability. These findings may have applications the cancer chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Shackelford
- LSU Health Shreveport, Department of Pathology, Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Ekin Ozluk
- Department of Pathology & Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| | - Mohammad Z Islam
- Department of Pathology & Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| | - Brian Hopper
- Department of Pathology & Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| | - Andrew Meram
- Head & Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery Department of Oral & Maxillofacial/Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| | - Ghali Ghali
- Head & Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery Department of Oral & Maxillofacial/Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology & Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase in the Regulation of Proliferation, Migration, and Bioenergetics in Murine Colon Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030447. [PMID: 32183148 PMCID: PMC7175125 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) has emerged as one of the significant sources of biologically active sulfur species in various mammalian cells. The current study was designed to investigate the functional role of 3-MST’s catalytic activity in the murine colon cancer cell line CT26. The novel pharmacological 3-MST inhibitor HMPSNE was used to assess cancer cell proliferation, migration and bioenergetics in vitro. Methods included measurements of cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), cell proliferation and in vitro wound healing (IncuCyte) and cellular bioenergetics (Seahorse extracellular flux analysis). 3-MST expression was detected by Western blotting; H2S production was measured by the fluorescent dye AzMC. The results show that CT26 cells express 3-MST protein and mRNA, as well as several enzymes involved in H2S degradation (TST, ETHE1). Pharmacological inhibition of 3-MST concentration-dependently suppressed H2S production and, at 100 and 300 µM, attenuated CT26 proliferation and migration. HMPSNE exerted a bell-shaped effect on several cellular bioenergetic parameters related to oxidative phosphorylation, while other bioenergetic parameters were either unaffected or inhibited at the highest concentration of the inhibitor tested (300 µM). In contrast to 3-MST, the expression of CBS (another H2S producing enzyme which has been previously implicated in the regulation of various biological parameters in other tumor cells) was not detectable in CT26 cells and pharmacological inhibition of CBS exerted no significant effects on CT26 proliferation or bioenergetics. In summary, 3-MST catalytic activity significantly contributes to the regulation of cellular proliferation, migration and bioenergetics in CT26 murine colon cancer cells. The current studies identify 3-MST as the principal source of biologically active H2S in this cell line.
Collapse
|
9
|
Augsburger F, Szabo C. Potential role of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST)-hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) pathway in cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2018; 154:104083. [PMID: 30500457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by various endogenous enzyme systems, serves various biological regulatory roles in mammalian cells in health and disease. Over recent years, a new concept emerged in the field of H2S biology, showing that various cancer cells upregulate their endogenous H2S production, and utilize this mediator in autocrine and paracrine manner to stimulate proliferation, bioenergetics and tumor angiogenesis. Initial work identified cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) in many tumor cells as the key source of H2S. In other cells, cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) has been shown to play a pathogenetic role. However, until recently, less attention has been paid to the third enzymatic source of H2S, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), even though several of its biological and biochemical features - e.g. its partial mitochondrial localization, its ability to produce polysulfides, which, in turn, can induce functionally relevant posttranslational protein modifications - makes it a potential candidate. Indeed, several lines of recent data indicate the potential role of the 3-MST system in cancer biology. In many cancers (e.g. colon adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, urothelial cell carcinoma, various forms of oral carcinomas), 3-MST is upregulated compared to the surrounding normal tissue. According to in vitro studies, 3-MST upregulation is especially prominent in cancer cells that recover from oxidative damage and/or develop a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Emerging data with newly discovered pharmacological inhibitors of 3-MST, as well as data using 3-MST silencing approaches suggest that the 3-MST/H2S system plays a role in maintaining cancer cell proliferation; it may also regulate bioenergetic and cell-signaling functions. Many questions remain open in the field of 3-MST/cancer biology; the last section of current article highlights these open questions and lays out potential experimental strategies to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim D, Chen J, Meram A, Patel S, Wei E, Ansari J, Ghali G, Kevil C, Shackelford RE. Hydrogen Sulfide-Synthesizing Enzymes Are Altered in a Case of Oral Cavity Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol 2018; 11:682-687. [PMID: 30483098 PMCID: PMC6244100 DOI: 10.1159/000493008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm of the salivary glands. MECs of the mouth floor are rare, with only a few cases reported. Here we report a MEC of the mouth floor in a 55-year-old woman. Since several studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-synthesizing enzymes are often increased in malignant tumors compared to benign counterpart tissues, we used western blotting to compare the protein levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in a mouth floor MEC to adjacent benign oral mucosae. We also used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify possible differences in tissue sulfur fraction concentrations between the two biopsy types. Last, we used western blotting to examine nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt), mitoNEET, and phospho-ser727-Stat3 levels in the biopsies. We found that all the proteins and phospho-ser727-Stat3 are increased in the MEC compared to benign mucosae. Interestingly, free H2S levels, acid-labile, and the sulfane sulfur factions were essentially the same between the MEC and benign tissue. Although limited to a single and unusual tumor type, to our knowledge this is only the third time H2S concentrations were directly quantified inside a human tumor. Last, our results replicate those of two previous studies where the H2S-synthesizing enzymes are increased in a malignant tumor, while free H2S is either not increased or only slightly increased, suggesting that malignant tumors rapidly metabolize H2S as part of tumor maintenance and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsoo Kim
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew Meram
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stavan Patel
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Wei
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ghali Ghali
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher Kevil
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|