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Pérez Sánchez E, Corona-Pérez A, Arroyo-Helguera O, Soto Rodríguez I, Cruz Lumbreras SR, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Cuevas Romero E, Nicolás-Toledo L. Chronic unpredictable mild stress increases serum aldosterone without affecting corticosterone levels and induces hepatic steatosis and renal injury in young adult male rats. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:265-278. [PMID: 38583123 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Stress is often associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Stress is associated with components of metabolic syndrome and inflammation. The present study hypothesizes that aldosterone, more than corticosterone, promotes chronic stress-hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as renal inflammation and fibrosis in young adult rats. Thirty-two young adult male Wistar rats of 51 days old were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): Control (C), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), control plus vehicle (C plus veh), CUMS plus eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker (CUMS plus EP). On postnatal day 51, eplerenone was administered orally through a gastric tube two hours before the start of the stress test. The CUMS paradigm was administered once daily at different times, with no repetition of the stressor sequence for four weeks. Renal inflammation and fibrosis were measured, as well as liver glycogen, triacylglycerol, and fibrosis levels. The serum concentrations of corticosterone, aldosterone, sodium, and creatinine were measured in urine and serum. The CUMS group showed a high level of serum aldosterone without affecting the level of corticosterone, increased urinary sodium, tubular atrophy, glomerular sclerosis, the presence of inflammation, and fibrosis, without affecting creatinine, increased glycogen content, triacylglycerol, and moderate fibrosis in the liver, and treatment with eplerenone prevented the inflammation, fibrosis, glycogen, and triacylglycerol. Our results show that chronic stress-induced aldosterone promotes hepatic steatosis and renal injury more than corticosterone. The prevention by eplerenone supports our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliut Pérez Sánchez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Adriana Corona-Pérez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Calpulalpan, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Omar Arroyo-Helguera
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina en Salud, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | | | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Estela Cuevas Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
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Khanthiyong B, Arun S, Bunsueb S, Thongbuakaew T, Suwannakhan A, Wu ATH, Iamsaard S, Chaiyamoon A. Alterations of serum biochemical parameters and tyrosine phosphorylation in kidney and liver of chronic stress-induced rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e254646. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Chronic stress (CS) can contribute to dysfunction in several organs including liver and kidney. This study was performed to investigate the changes in serum biochemistry, histological structure, as well as in localization of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (TyrPho) and Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) in liver and kidney tissues of CS rats induced by two stressors (restrained and force swimming) for 60 consecutive days. Samples of blood, liver, and kidney were collected from adult male Sprague–Dawley rats in each group. Our results showed that serum biochemical parameters including corticosterone, blood sugar, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase in CS group were significantly different from that in normal group in both liver and kidney tissues. Although histological structure was not changed. TyrPho expression was significantly increased in liver lysate but significantly decreased in kidney. Hsp-70 expression in liver increased whereas in kidney decreased. In conclusion, CS can induce changes in liver and kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Arun
- Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Iamsaard
- Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Procópio IM, Ribeiro CT, Marchon RG, Costa WS, Buys-Gonçalves GF, Sampaio FJB, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Souza DBD. Effects of chronic restraint stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e387123. [PMID: 38055386 DOI: 10.1590/acb387123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. METHODS Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared. RESULTS Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls. CONCLUSIONS The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mendes Procópio
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
| | - Carina Teixeira Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
| | - Roger Gaspar Marchon
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
| | - Waldemar Silva Costa
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Aurélio Pereira-Sampaio
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Department of Morphology - Niteroi (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
| | - Diogo Benchimol de Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - Urogenital Research Unit - Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil
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Marchon RG, Gregório BM, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Costa WS, Sampaio FJ, De Souza DB. Effects of chronic stress on bladder morphology of rats and impact of comfort food diet as an ameliorating agent. Stress 2023; 26:2265160. [PMID: 37796089 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2265160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of chronic stress on bladder morphology and the impact of food preference (standard or comfort foods) on the bladder of stressed rats. METHODS In total, 32 Wistar male rats (3 months old) were divided into four groups: control (C), stressed (S), control + comfort food (C + CF), and stressed + comfort food (S + CF). Groups C and C + CF were maintained under normal conditions, while groups S and S + CF were subjected to chronic stress by the restraint method. Groups C and S received standard rat chow, while groups C + CF and S + CF received comfort food (Froot Loops®) and standard chow. The stress stimuli were induced daily for 2 h over 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all animals were killed, and the bladders were removed and used for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Body mass was similar among the groups. Stress did not promote differences regarding food intake, but animals receiving comfort food showed higher calories intake (in kcal/Kg) than animals receiving only standard chow. The C + CF and S + CF groups preferred comfort food over the standard chow; this preference was higher in the S + CF than in the C + CF group. The surface density of smooth muscle was reduced in stressed animals, while connective tissue and elastic system fiber content were increased in stressed groups. Further, epithelial height was increased in rats submitted to chronic stress. The surface density of elastic system fibers was decreased by the consumption of comfort food. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress induces morphological modifications on the bladder wall and epithelium. These modifications may be related to lower urinary tract symptoms. Additionally, chronic stress caused a higher preference for comfort food intake which did not ameliorate or aggravate the stress-induced bladder alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Marchon
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca M Gregório
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco A Pereira-Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waldemar S Costa
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B De Souza
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Marchon RG, Gregório BM, Costa WS, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Sampaio FJ, De Souza DB. Effects of comfort food diet on the penile morphology of stressed rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17013. [PMID: 37484244 PMCID: PMC10361093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of chronic stress, associated or not with comfort food, on the morphology of the penis. Materials & methods Thirty-two adult Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control group (C), receiving standard rat chow, and under normal conditions; Stressed group (S), receiving standard chow, and submitted to stressful situations; Control + comfort food group (C + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and under normal conditions; and Stressed + comfort food group (S + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and submitted to stressful situations. At 10 weeks of age, food supply and stress were initiated. All groups had ad libitum access to standard chow and water, and groups receiving comfort food also had access to Froot Loops®. Chronic stress was induced by restriction, animals were contained daily in polypropylene tubes for 2 h, for eight weeks. After eight weeks all animals were killed; penises were removed for histomorphometric analysis. Results Body mass was similar among the groups. Food intake in S + CF group was lower than in other groups. Concerning food preference, groups C + CF and S + CF preferred comfort food over the standard chow, with this preference being higher in S + CF than in C + CF. The area of the corpora cavernosa without tunica albuginea was lower in group S + CF than in group C. Most interestingly, the surface density of connective tissue in the corpora cavernosa was higher in groups S and S + CF compared to group C. In contrast, smooth muscle surface density was markedly lower in S + CF compared to groups C and C + CF, while group S also had reduced smooth muscle in comparison to group C. Conclusion Chronic stress caused a morphological alteration on penile histomorphometry. Also, stress increased the preference for comfort foods which caused more deleterious effects in some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G. Marchon
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca M. Gregório
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waldemar S. Costa
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Pereira-Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. Sampaio
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. De Souza
- Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Effect of Psychosocial Distress on the Rate of Kidney Function Decline. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:2966-2974. [PMID: 33469756 PMCID: PMC8481510 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Chronic kidney disease is a growing global health problem. Psychosocial stress has been found to induce changes in biological processes and behavioral patterns that increase risks of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, the association between psychosocial stress and kidney function is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between psychosocial stress and kidney function decline. DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, psychosocial distress was assessed using the psychosocial well-being index short-form (PWI-SF). PARTICIPANTS Data of a total of 7246 participants were retrieved from a community-based cohort (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study). MAIN MEASURES The rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was calculated for each individual. Rapid eGFR decline was defined as a decrease of ≥ 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year. The presence of kidney disease was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline or proteinuria of higher than trace levels from two consecutive urine test results. KEY RESULTS A total of 7246 participants were analyzed. The mean eGFR was 92.1 ± 14.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Rapid eGFR decline was observed in 941 (13.0%) participants during a median follow-up of 11.7 years. When the participants were categorized into tertiles according to PWI-SF score, rapid eGFR decline was more prevalent in the group with the highest PWI-SF score (15.8%) than in the group with the lowest score (12.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of rapid eGFR decline was significantly increased in the tertile group with the highest PWI-SF score compared to the lowest group (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.59). This association was maintained even after adjusting for confounding variables and excluding participants with kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of psychosocial distress were closely associated with an increased risk of rapid kidney function decline.
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A Scoping Review of Life-Course Psychosocial Stress and Kidney Function. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090810. [PMID: 34572242 PMCID: PMC8467128 DOI: 10.3390/children8090810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased exposure to maternal psychosocial stress during gestation and adverse neonatal environments has been linked to alterations in developmental programming and health consequences in offspring. A programmed low nephron endowment, among other altered pathways of susceptibility, likely increases the vulnerability to develop chronic kidney disease in later life. Our aim in this scoping review was to identify gaps in the literature by focusing on understanding the association between life-course exposure to psychosocial stress, and the risk of reduced kidney function. A systematic search in four databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Wed of Science, and Scopus) was performed, yielding 609 articles. Following abstract and full-text review, we identified 19 articles meeting our inclusion criteria, reporting associations between different psychosocial stressors and an increase in the prevalence of kidney disease or decline in kidney function, mainly in adulthood. There are a lack of studies that specifically evaluated the association between gestational exposure to psychosocial stress and measures of kidney function or disease in early life, despite the overall evidence consistent with the independent effects of prenatal stress on other perinatal and postnatal outcomes. Further research will establish epidemiological studies with clear and more comparable psychosocial stressors to solve this critical research gap.
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da Silva MHA, Estrada JHD, Gregório BM, Sampaio FJB, de Souza DB. Does treatment with dutasteride or finasteride has impact on renal morphology? Experimental study. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360703. [PMID: 34550196 PMCID: PMC8448540 DOI: 10.1590/acb360703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether renal modifications occur following treatment with dutasteride or finasteride. METHODS Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups: control (that received distilled water), dutasteride (0.5 mg/kg/day), and finasteride (5 mg/kg/day) groups. All administrations were given by gavage for 40 consecutive days. After inducing euthanasia, blood was collected for urea and creatinine analyses, and both the kidneys were collected for stereological analyses of kidney morphology. RESULTS Serum urea and creatinine levels were increased in both the finasteride and the dutasteride groups compared with those in the control group. In addition, kidney weight, kidney volume, cortical volume, glomerular volumetric density, and mean glomerular volume were reduced in both treatment groups. Finally, the number of glomeruli per kidney was reduced by 26.8% in the finasteride group and by 51.6% in the dutasteride group compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The 5-ARIs finasteride and dutasteride promoted morphological and functional damages in rat kidneys. In addition, rats in the dutasteride group showed more severe renal modifications than those in the finasteride group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Henrique Duque Estrada
- MD. Urogenital Research Unit – Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Bianca Martins Gregório
- PhD. Urogenital Research Unit – Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Benchimol de Souza
- PhD. Urogenital Research Unit – Universidade do Estado do Rio de
Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Melchioretto EF, Zeni M, Veronez DADL, Filipak Neto F, Digner IDS, Fraga RD. Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e351106. [PMID: 33331456 PMCID: PMC7748077 DOI: 10.1590/acta351106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate renal histological changes by stereology and morphometry and analyze the main markers of oxidative stress in rats undergoing natural aging. METHODS Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 12 rats each, which were euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Right kidney was stereologically and morphometrically analyzed to calculate the volumetric density (Vv[glom]), numerical density (Nv[glom]) and glomerular volume (Vol[glom]). Left kidney was used to determine the levels of nonprotein thiols, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, as well as the activities of superoxide-dismutase and catalase enzymes. RESULTS Both Vv[glom] and Nv[glom] values showed gradual decreases between groups. Activity of superoxide-dismutase was elevated at 24 months of age, and the levels of nonprotein thiols were higher in older animals. Greater catalase activity and protein carbonylation were observed in animals between 6 and 12 months of age but lessened in older rats. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the older groups. CONCLUSIONS Morphometric and stereological analyses revealed a gradual decrease in the volume and density of renal glomeruli during aging, as well as kidney atrophy. These findings related to oxidative stress clarify many changes occurring in kidney tissues during senescence in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Felippe Melchioretto
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Clinic, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Conception and design, manuscript preparation and writing, critical revision
| | - Marcelo Zeni
- Fellow Master degree, Department of Urology, Medical School, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó - SC, Brazil. Design
| | - Djanira Aparecida da Luz Veronez
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Conception and design
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Conception and design
| | - Ingridy de Souza Digner
- Graduate student, Little Prince College, Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Design, manuscript preparation and writing, critical revision
| | - Rogerio de Fraga
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba - PR, Brazil. Conception and design
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