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Oya K, Kondo Y, Kishino M, Toyosawa S. Cytological features of oral malignant lymphoma in scraping liquid-based cytology: Cases of plasmablastic lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 67:152180. [PMID: 37566952 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of cytological examination in the oral region is to screen for squamous cell carcinoma or intraepithelial neoplasms; thus, the background tends to be considered a deterrent for microscopy. From this perspective, liquid-based cytology (LBC) is favorable for preparing clear samples with few backgrounds. However, background hemocytes are sometimes of critical importance in the diagnosis. We report two cases of oral malignant lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma in which careful observation of the background in scraping LBC sample contributed to the early diagnosis. Atypical lymphoid cells were observed only in a very small part of the LBC samples from the presented patients; however, cytological findings, such as large lymphoid cells with outstanding nucleoli, large mitotic cells, or intermediate-to-large lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei were sufficient for obtaining a cytological diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Although the number and cell size of leukocytes in LBC with Papanicolaou staining were significantly different from those in air-dried conventional smears with Romanovsky staining, which are commonly preferred for the discrimination of hemocytes, the corresponding cytological features could be observed. Therefore, attention should be paid to the background as well as squamous epithelium to prepare for such unexpected cases. The LBC examination with Papanicolaou staining alone can suggest the possibility of malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oya
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kondo
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Kishino
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yang G, Wei L, Thong BKS, Fu Y, Cheong IH, Kozlakidis Z, Li X, Wang H, Li X. A Systematic Review of Oral Biopsies, Sample Types, and Detection Techniques Applied in Relation to Oral Cancer Detection. BIOTECH 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35822813 PMCID: PMC9245907 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early identification of the stage of oral cancer development can lead to better treatment outcomes and avoid malignant transformation. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview that describes the development of standardized procedures for oral sample collection, characterization, and molecular risk assessment. This can help investigators to choose the appropriate sampling method and downstream analyses for different purposes. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Using both PubMed and Web of Science databases, four independent authors conducted a literature search between 15 and 21 June 2021. We used key search terms to broaden the search for studies. Non-conforming articles were removed using an EndNote-based and manual approach. Reviewers used a designed form to extract data. Results: This review included a total of 3574 records, after eliminating duplicate articles and excluding papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, 202 articles were included in this review. We summarized the sampling methods, biopsy samples, and downstream analysis. The biopsy techniques were classified into tissue and liquid biopsy. The common sequential analysis of tissue biopsy includes histopathological examination such as H&E or IHC to identify various pathogenic features. Meanwhile, liquid samples such as saliva, blood, and urine are analyzed for the purpose of screening to detect mutations in cancer. Commonly used technologies are PCR, RT-PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomic analysis. Conclusions: Currently, tissue biopsies provide increased diagnostic value compared to liquid biopsy. However, the minimal invasiveness and convenience of liquid biopsy make it a suitable method for mass screening and eventual clinical adoption. The analysis of samples includes histological and molecular analysis. Metabolite analysis is rising but remains scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Luqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Benjamin K. S. Thong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
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Patel U, Shah R, Patel A, Shah S, Patel D, Patel A. Effect of tobacco in human oral leukoplakia: a cytomorphometric analysis. Med Pharm Rep 2020; 93:273-279. [PMID: 32832892 PMCID: PMC7418830 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tobacco use is one of the most critical risk factors for different oral diseases. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of tobacco on oral mucosa by cytomorphometric analysis of cells with the help of exfoliative cytology and to find out the improvement in diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology in the detection of dysplastic changes and early oral malignancy. Methods The nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) of cells were measured within cytological smear obtained from leukoplakia lesions of buccal mucosa of 90 tobacco users, 30 smokers (TS), 30 chewers (TC) and 30 with combined habit of smoking and chewing (TSC) and from normal buccal mucosa of 30 non users (NU) of tobacco. Each habit group consisted of 30 tobacco users with oral leukoplakia lesion with mild epithelial dysplasia only. The 30 non-users of tobacco served as controls. The mean values of the CA and NA were obtained for each case, and the nuclear/cytoplasmic area (NA/CA) ratio was calculated. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.001) in mean NA and a statistically significant decrease (P<0.001) in mean CA values of tobacco users with leukoplakia as compared to non-users, hence NA/CA ratio value was significantly higher in tobacco users with the lesion. Conclusion The changes in cellular morphology caused by tobacco use can be visualized by use of exfoliative cytology with the help of cytomorphometric analysis. The evaluation of parameters (NA, CA and NA/CA ratio) may increase the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology for the early diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rina Shah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Index College of Dental Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreyas Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, K.M. Shah Dental College, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruva Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Goenka Research Institute of Dental Science, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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