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Kanzow P, Rammert LS, Rohland B, Barke S, Placzek M, Wiegand A. Effect of face masks on salivary parameters and halitosis: Randomized controlled crossover trial. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:56-62. [PMID: 36459058 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face masking is associated with self-perceived dry mouth and halitosis. Aim of the study was to measure the effect of different face masks on salivary parameters and halitosis. METHODS The randomized controlled crossover clinical trial with four periods included 40 oral healthy participants using different face masks (cloth mask, surgical mask, filtering facepiece 2 [FFP2] mask) or no mask (control) for 4 h in random order. Unstimulated salivary flow rate (primary outcome) and stimulated salivary flow rate, salivary pH and buffer capacity of stimulated and unstimulated saliva (secondary outcomes, blinded), and volatile sulfur compounds (secondary outcome) were measured before and after the 4-h periods. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS Of 40 randomized participants, 39 completed the study. Unstimulated salivary flow rate prior to face masking amounted to 0.6 ± 0.3 ml/min. Face masking had no significant effect on unstimulated salivary flow (p = 0.550). Face masking had also no significant effect on the other salivary parameters (p ≥ 0.518). The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) prior to face masking amounted to 157.3 ± 59.7 ppb. After face masking, the concentration of VSC increased slightly, but not significantly (p = 0.055): 168.1 ± 76.3 ppb (control), 199.3 ± 132.7 ppb (cloth masks), 188.5 ± 101.1 ppb (surgical masks), and 189.7 ± 90.1 ppb (FFP2 masks). CONCLUSION Four hours of face masking did not change the salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity, and had no significant effect on VSC's levels. Wearing face masks does not seem to result in measurable side-effects on salivary parameters such as a reduced salivary flow rate or VSC's levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04914208) on June 4, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lea-Sophie Rammert
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Rohland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Barke
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marius Placzek
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Rasputnis W, Schestakow A, Hannig M. The dentin pellicle - A neglected topic in dental research. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105212. [PMID: 34325346 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All soft and solid surfaces exposed to the oral cavity are covered by an acquired pellicle. While the pellicle adsorbed on enamel is well researched, only limited data are available on the dentin pellicle. The purpose of the present review is to summarize studies considering the composition, structure and properties of the dentin pellicle and compare them with the current state of research on enamel pellicle. METHODS The literature search was conducted using Medline database and Google Scholar, including checking reference lists of journal articles by handsearching. Thereby, 19 studies were included in the present review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The dentin pellicle has a similar ultrastructure to the enamel pellicle, which is up to 1 μm thick depending on pellicle formation time and localization in the oral cavity. In contrast, due to the lack of studies on the dentin pellicle regarding its composition and properties, a comparison to the enamel pellicle is difficult. So far, only one study showed anti-abrasive properties and data on anti-erosive properties were controversial. Despite becoming more and more clinically relevant due to the increasing frequency of dentin exposure, the dentin pellicle is largely unexplored. For further investigations it is not only necessary to standardize dentin specimens, but also to assess fundamental research on dentin itself, as its complex morphology and composition may have a crucial influence on pellicle formation. Furthermore, a more detailed knowledge of the dentin pellicle may also reveal target sites for modification in favor of its protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadim Rasputnis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Mukai Y, Torii M, Urushibara Y, Kawai T, Takahashi Y, Maeda N, Ohkubo C, Ohshima T. Analysis of plaque microbiota and salivary proteins adhering to dental materials. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:182-188. [PMID: 32151606 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plaque causes oral diseases and aspiration-pneumonia in the elderly. It is not known whether pellicle-like attached salivary proteins and microbiota on dental materials are identical to those on teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the properties of salivary proteins and microbiota that attach to dental materials. METHODS Eight subjects wore removable oral splints with pieces of pure-titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, silver-palladium-copper-gold-alloy, denture-base-resin, and hydroxyapatite for 24 h. The bacteria that adhered to each material were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing simultaneously. Each material sample was then immersed in pooled saliva, and the attached proteins were collected. Salivary proteins were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/MS, and high molecular weight proteins were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Among the dental materials, the α- and β-diversity of adherent flora were similar. The bacterial species that adhered easily to materials were Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Neisseria mucosa, Gemella haemolysans, and Rothia dentocariosa. Regardless of material, the peaks or spots of attached salivary proteins had similar patterns, containing functioning proteins such as anchoring receptors for early colonizers. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in microbiota and protein adherence in hydroxyapatite compared to the dental materials. Therefore, similar microbiota was determined to have formed on the similar pellicle-like proteins. In our study, the characteristics of plaque adhesion on both hydroxyapatite and dental materials were clarified. Based on this study, the creation of new methods of inhibiting plaque adhesion to prevent aspiration-pneumonia and oral infections can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mukai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Mana Torii
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yu Urushibara
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kawai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Takahashi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Chikahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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