1
|
Sato T, Tsuno NH, Yanagisawa R, Fujiwara SI. The effects of upward revision of haemoglobin thresholds for anaemia in blood donations. Lancet Haematol 2024; 11:e396-e397. [PMID: 38796185 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(24)00111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sato
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | | | - Ryu Yanagisawa
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng W, Yun W, Le W, Zhi-guo X, Hai-ying Y, Shu-fang W, Zhen-yan W, Yi-zhu C, Quan S, Jing-xian F. The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on blood donation delay among student population: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1297472. [PMID: 38125844 PMCID: PMC10731257 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study analysed blood donation deferral trends, reasons and demographic/lifestyle characteristics among students in Huzhou City. The aim was to understand the health status of students and reduce the deferral rate. Methods Data on blood donation deferral among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected and analysed. Deferral trends and main reasons were investigated. Using demographic and lifestyle data from 2,619 cases in 2022, a risk prediction model for deferral was constructed. Results The deferral rate among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 was 12.60% (p = 0.000, 95%CI: 12.14-13.06%), showing a significant increasing trend. Temporary deferral was the main reason, with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood pressure (BP) and haemoglobin (Hb) as the main deferral factors. ALT had a deferral rate of 5.23% (4.92-5.53%), BP 3.30% (3.06-3.55%), and Hb 2.92% (2.68-3.15%). Demographic and lifestyle characteristics in 2022 showed no significant differences between education level, household registration and deferral rate (p > 0.05). However, age, sex, blood donation history, sleep quality, diet and mental state had variable effects on ALT, BP, and Hb deferrals (p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that sex, blood donation history, sleep quality, diet and mental status were independent risk factors for ALT deferral (p < 0.05), with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.057, 2.735, 1.594, 3.679, and 1.957, respectively. Age, blood donation history, sleep quality and mental state were independent risk factors for BP deferral (p < 0.05), with ORs of 0.256, 3.658, 6.042, and 1.812, respectively. Gender, blood donation history and diet were independent risk factors for Hb deferral (p < 0.05), with ORs of 0.244, 0.542, and 3.103, respectively. Conclusion Students' health problems require attention. Effective health education should improve self-health management and pre-donation health behaviour to encourage regular blood donation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Feng
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wang Yun
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wang Le
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Zhi-guo
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Hai-ying
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Shu-fang
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhen-yan
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Yi-zhu
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sun Quan
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Jing-xian
- Huzhou Central Blood Station, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The effectiveness of iron education through a mobile application on donor return after deferral for low hemoglobin. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2022; 20:446-453. [PMID: 35848625 PMCID: PMC9726626 DOI: 10.2450/2022.0018-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low hemoglobin level is a common cause of donor deferral and results in a huge loss of the donor pool. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application as an educational tool to enhance donor return and improve hemoglobin levels after deferral. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an interventional study involving 382 blood donors who were deferred for low hemoglobin. The donors were divided equally into two groups: a control group and the intervention group. The control group received standard management for low hemoglobin deferral, which includes a short counseling session and a 1-month course of oral iron therapy. The intervention group used a mobile application in addition to standard management. The primary endpoint was the number of blood donors who returned during the 7 months of follow-up. The secondary endpoints were the hemoglobin increment at the first visit after the donors' deferral. RESULTS The return rate was higher in the intervention group, with 81.2% of the donors returning in the 7 months of follow-up compared to 66% of the control group (p<0.001). Male and female donors had mean hemoglobin increments of 1.0 g/dL and 0.7 g/dL, respectively, in the intervention group, compared to decrements of 0.2 g/dL and 0.4 g/dL, respectively, in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a significant association between intervention method, education level and donation status on donor return (p=0.015, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION Higher return rate and greater hemoglobin increase in the interventional group could be attributed to features in the mobile application. Repeat donors had the highest odds of returning to donate, followed by those with a tertiary level of education, and those given the mobile application. This study showed that a mobile application was effective in enhancing donor return and increasing hemoglobin level among deferred blood donors on their first return.
Collapse
|
4
|
M Ferreira C, Vieites Y, Goldszmidt R, B Andrade E. The effect of temporary deferrals on donor return: A 26-year assessment in a setting without retention activities. Transfusion 2022; 62:1583-1593. [PMID: 35855649 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that describe the negative association between temporary deferrals and donor return rates commonly come from settings where mechanisms are in place to win back lapsing donors. There is little evidence on the size and prevalence of this negative association in settings with no such retention activities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We use data from more than 2 million donation attempts made at a blood collection agency in Brazil over a 26-year period. We describe the distribution of deferrals across donor demographic and behavioral characteristics, and estimate multivariate survival analysis models with matched samples to measure the impact of deferrals on return rates. We control for sex, race, age, education, donation type, number of previous attempts, previous donations, and previous deferrals. We test for heterogeneous effects in interaction models with selected donor demographic and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS Temporary deferrals were associated with a 50% decrease in the likelihood of return. Although the effect was observed for all population subgroups and across the full length of the dataset, it varied in magnitude. The influence of deferrals was more negative among older donors and those reporting replacement motives, and less negative among more educated donors and those with a previous donation. DISCUSSION We found that temporary deferrals meaningfully harm donor careers in a setting where specific retention activities are absent. Although the effects are widespread across the population and persistent in time, there are also heterogeneities, which must be considered when designing interventions targeted at wining-back specific groups of deferred donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Ferreira
- Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yan Vieites
- Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Goldszmidt
- Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Andrade
- Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-EBAPE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brunson DC, Belanger GA, Sussmann H, Fine AM, Pandey S, Pham TD. Factors associated with first-time and repeat blood donation: Adverse reactions and effects on donor behavior. Transfusion 2022; 62:1269-1279. [PMID: 35510783 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood centers have a dual mission to protect donors and patients; donor safety is paramount to maintaining an adequate blood supply. Elucidating donor factors associated with adverse reactions (AR) is critical to this mission. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of whole blood donors from 2003 to 2020 was conducted at a single blood center in northern California. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs for ARs were estimated via multivariable logistic regression on demographics, donation history, and physical examination data. Where appropriate, Wilcoxon-Rank Sum and chi-squared tests were used to determine significance. RESULTS First-time blood donors (FTD) exhibited a higher AR rate than repeat donors (4.4% vs. 1.9% p < .0001). When compared with FTDs without AR, FTDs with ARs (FT-AR) were less likely to return (30.0% vs. 47.3%, p < .0001), and, of those who returned, had a higher rate of reaction 20.2% versus 2.8% (p < .001). Factors found to be associated with FT-AR (younger age, increased heart rate, and higher diastolic blood pressure) still correlated positively with AR on return donation, but to a lower degree. FTD who potentially witnessed an AR had a lower return rate (44.6% vs. 47.3%, p = <.001) and donated fewer units (2.38 vs. 3.37, p < .001) when compared to FTD who did not witness an AR. CONCLUSION The AR on FTD increases the AR likelihood of return donation. Longitudinal analysis shows that a time-based deferral policy targeted at FT-AR young donors can reduce the number of ARs while not dramatically impacting the blood supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton C Brunson
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew M Fine
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suchitra Pandey
- Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tho D Pham
- Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arcot PJ, Kumar K, Sachdev S, Sharma RR, Coshic P. Reinduction of the Temporarily Deferred Donors for Laying the Foundation of Safe and Sustainable Blood Supplies: A Review in the Indian Context. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022; 38:437-443. [PMID: 35035128 PMCID: PMC8743350 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporarily deferred donors are a forgotten pool of potential blood source. When dealt appropriately, they can easily be inducted back to the main stream pool of voluntary donors. Although there are multiple studies from India on the deferral rates and patterns; not much has been done with respect to the follow up of these donors and active efforts to bring them back to donate blood. In this narrative review, we discuss the impact of temporary deferral, factors affecting the return and appropriate strategies to improve the return rate of these donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Kumar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS, Delhi, India
| | - Suchet Sachdev
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Poonam Coshic
- Main Blood Bank, Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Basavarajegowda A, Mandal S. Can we tweak the golden number of 12.5 gm% hemoglobin for blood donation? GLOBAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_70_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
8
|
Prinsze FJ, de Groot R, Timmer TC, Zalpuri S, van den Hurk K. Donation-induced iron depletion is significantly associated with low hemoglobin at subsequent donations. Transfusion 2021; 61:3344-3352. [PMID: 34596892 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donation is associated with a loss of hemoglobin (Hb)-bound iron. Hb levels recover relatively fast by using stored iron. However, it takes more time to replenish iron stores, potentially resulting in iron deficiency. STUDY DESIGN Hb and ferritin levels were measured in 5056 new, first-time, and repeat whole blood donors. We investigated whether increasing numbers of donations are associated with lower ferritin levels. Furthermore, we tested whether low ferritin levels are associated with low-Hb deferral at the subsequent donation attempt by performing logistic regression adjusted for age and stratified by sex. RESULTS Whereas mean Hb levels are relatively stable, ferritin levels significantly decrease with increasing numbers of donations and were approximately 50% lower for donors with >50 donations compared with those with 2-10 donations. Despite the poor correlation of ferritin and Hb levels, cross-sectional, iron-deficient donors (ferritin <15 ng/ml) had 21.8 (8.5-55.6) higher odds in men, 10.1 (6.1-16.5) in premenopausal women, and 11.7 (5.2-26.4) in postmenopausal women for Hb deferral at a subsequent visit. DISCUSSION To conclude, repeated donations may induce iron deficiency, which corresponds with an over tenfold increased risk of having insufficiently restored Hb levels at a subsequent donation attempt. Longer donation intervals and/or higher dietary or supplemental iron intake are warranted to prevent accumulated iron depletion and subsequent low-Hb deferral in whole blood donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femmeke J Prinsze
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiffany C Timmer
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Zalpuri
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,UCB Pharma, Real World Evidence, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clement M, Shehu E, Chandler T. The impact of temporary deferrals on future blood donation behavior across the donor life cycle. Transfusion 2021; 61:1799-1808. [PMID: 33780022 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor retention is essential for blood banks because acquiring new donors is more expensive than retaining existing ones. Previous studies show that the temporary deferral of donors negatively impacts future donation likelihood. In this study, we analyze the impact of temporary deferrals on future donation behavior while correcting for potential endogeneity, depending on the level of donor experience and number of previous deferrals. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD We use data from more than 123,000 whole blood donors of the Austrian Red Cross over a period of 5.5 years. We estimate logit models to analyze how a deferral affects future donation behavior while controlling for potential selection biases because donors are not deferred randomly. We control for gender, blood type, years since first donation, and number of previous donations and deferrals. We analyze the direct deferral effect, its interaction with donor experience, and the number of previous deferrals. RESULTS Our results confirm that temporary deferrals hurt future donation behavior. This effect varies with donor experience and the number of previous deferrals. The effect is weaker with a higher number of previous donations and is stronger with a higher number of previous deferrals. The results suggest that donors learn to cope with deferrals the more they donate. However, the negative effect of deferrals amplifies over time, and each additional deferral decreases donation likelihood. CONCLUSION Blood banks that seek to overcome the negative effect of deferrals should be aware that this effect varies with donor experience and with the number of previous deferrals. Our results suggest that blood banks should focus on early-stage donors who are deferred because the negative deferral effect is stronger for more experienced donors. At the same time, blood banks should be careful with donor groups who have experienced deferrals in the past because every additional deferral demotivates future donation behavior. Overall, researchers should be careful to correct for endogeneity because our results suggest that ignoring these effects could lead to substantial underestimation of the negative deferral effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Clement
- Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edlira Shehu
- Department of Marketing, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Torsten Chandler
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|