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Alilou S, Zangiabadian M, Pouramini A, Jaberinezhad M, Shobeiri P, Ghozy S, Haseli S, Beizavi Z. Radiological Findings as Predictors of COVID-19 Lung Sequelae: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:3076-3085. [PMID: 37491177 PMCID: PMC10242153 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the radiological predictors of post-coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pulmonary fibrosis and incomplete absorption of pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies reporting the predictive value of radiological findings in patients with post-COVID-19 lung residuals published through November 11, 2022. The pooled odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed. The random-effects model was used due to the heterogeneity of the true effect sizes. RESULTS We included 11 studies. There were 1777 COVID-19-positive patients, and 1014 (57%) were male. All studies used chest computed tomography (CT) as a radiologic tool. Moreover, chest X-ray (CXR) and lung ultrasound were used in two studies, along with a CT scan. CT severity score (CTSS), Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema score (RALE), interstitial score, lung ultrasound score (LUS), patchy opacities, abnormal CXR, pleural traction, and subpleural abnormalities were found to be predictors of post-COVID-19 sequels. CTSS and consolidations were the most common predictors among included studies. Pooled analysis revealed that pulmonary residuals in patients with initial consolidation are about four times more likely than in patients without this finding (odds ratio: 3.830; 95% CI: 1.811-8.102, I2: 4.640). CONCLUSION Radiological findings can predict the long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 patients. CTSS is an important predictor of lung fibrosis and COVID-19 mortality. Lung fibrosis can be diagnosed and tracked using the LUS. Changes in RALE score during hospitalization can be used as an independent predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Alilou
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.A.); Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.A.)
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (M.Z.); School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (M.Z.)
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (A.P.)
| | - Mehran Jaberinezhad
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (M.J.)
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (P.S.); Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran (P.S.)
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (S.G.)
| | - Sara Haseli
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.H.)
| | - Zahra Beizavi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054 (Z.B.).
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Fukihara J, Kondoh Y. COVID-19 and interstitial lung diseases: A multifaceted look at the relationship between the two diseases. Respir Investig 2023; 61:601-617. [PMID: 37429073 PMCID: PMC10281233 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although it has been a fatal disease for many patients, the development of treatment strategies and vaccines have progressed over the past 3 years, and our society has become able to accept COVID-19 as a manageable common disease. However, as COVID-19 sometimes causes pneumonia, post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF), and worsening of preexisting interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), it is still a concern for pulmonary physicians. In this review, we have selected several topics regarding the relationships between ILDs and COVID-19. The pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ILD is currently assumed based mainly on the evidence of other ILDs and has not been well elucidated specifically in the context of COVID-19. We have summarized what has been clarified to date and constructed a coherent story about the establishment and progress of the disease. We have also reviewed clinical information regarding ILDs newly induced or worsened by COVID-19 or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Inflammatory and profibrotic responses induced by COVID-19 or vaccines have been thought to be a risk for de novo induction or worsening of ILDs, and this has been supported by the evidence obtained through clinical experience over the past 3 years. Although COVID-19 has become a mild disease in most cases, it is still worth looking back on the above-reviewed information to broaden our perspectives regarding the relationship between viral infection and ILD. As a representative etiology for severe viral pneumonia, further studies in this area are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fukihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan.
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Ora J, Rogliani P, Ferron F, Vignuoli M, Valentino L, Pontoni G, Di Ciuccio F, Ferrara R, Sciarra T. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength Testing in Military Subjects According to the Period of Infection: Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101679. [PMID: 37238162 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function can be impaired as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged military outpatients according during the period of infection. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to November 2022 at the Military Hospital "Celio" (Rome, Italy). If someone had a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection certified by molecular nasal swab and if they performed pulmonary function tests, diffusion of carbon monoxide (DL'co), a six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), a Handgrip (HG) Test, and a One Minute Sit to Stand Test (1'STST). The included subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, according to the period of infection: A) from March 2020 to August 2021 and B) from September 2021 to October 2022. RESULTS One hundred fifty-three subjects were included in the study: 79 in Group A and 74 in Group B. Although the values were within the normal range, Group A had smaller FVC, FEV1, and DL'co compared to Group B. Group A also walked a shorter distance at the 6MWT and performed fewer repetitions in the 1'STS test compared to Group B. In both groups, the DL'co (%predicted) correlated with the 6MWT distance (R2 = 0.107, p < 0.001), the number of repetitions of the 1'STST (R2 = 0.086, p = 0.001), and the strength at the HG test (R2 = 0.08, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy middle-aged military outpatients was more severe in the first waves than in the later ones and that, in healthy and physically fit individuals, even a marginal reduction in resting respiratory test values can have a major impact on exercise tolerance and muscles strength. Moreover, it shows that those infected more recently had symptoms related to the upper respiratory tract infection compared to those of the first waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josuel Ora
- Respiratory Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Respiratory Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferron
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Vignuoli
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Valentino
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pontoni
- Physchiatry Section, Phychophysiological Selection Office, Italian Army National Recruitment and Selection Center, 06034 Foligno, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Ciuccio
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrara
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Italian Army Medical Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Sonnweber T, Birgit S, Weiss G, Löffler-Ragg J. Pulmonary recovery after COVID-19 - a review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:447-457. [PMID: 37449405 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2210837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the respiratory tract is the primary site of infection and host-mediated inflammatory responses, pathologies and dysfunction of the respiratory system characterize the severe disease and are typically associated with the need for oxygen supply or even ventilator support. In survivors of severe COVID-19, computed tomography follow-up frequently reveals structural lung abnormalities, and one-third of individuals who were hospitalized during acute COVID-19 demonstrate persisting lung abnormalities for at least 12 months after disease onset. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes current evidence on pulmonary recovery after COVID-19, focusing on adult patients who suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia. EXPERT OPINION Severe COVID-19 is associated with a high frequency of persisting lung abnormalities at follow-up. The long-term consequences of these findings remain elusive and urge further evaluation to identify individuals at risk for COVID-19 long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sailer Birgit
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anaemia Research, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Du M, Ma Y, Deng J, Liu M, Liu J. Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316010. [PMID: 36498103 PMCID: PMC9736973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies of long COVID-19 were reported, there was a lack of systematic research which assessed the differences of long COVID-19 in regard to what unique SARS-CoV-2 strains caused it. As such, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the characteristics of long COVID-19 that is caused by different SARS-CoV-2 strains. We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect databases in order to find cohort studies of long COVID-19 as defined by the WHO (Geneva, Switzerland). The main outcomes were in determining the percentages of long COVID-19 among patients who were infected with different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Further, this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022339964). A total of 51 studies with 33,573 patients was included, of which three studies possessed the Alpha and Delta variants, and five studies possessed the Omicron variant. The highest pooled estimate of long COVID-19 was found in the CT abnormalities (60.5%; 95% CI: 40.4%, 80.6%) for the wild-type strain; fatigue (66.1%; 95% CI: 42.2%, 89.9%) for the Alpha variant; and ≥1 general symptoms (28.4%; 95% CI: 7.9%, 49.0%) for the Omicron variant. The pooled estimates of ≥1 general symptoms (65.8%; 95% CI: 47.7%, 83.9%) and fatigue were the highest symptoms found among patients infected with the Alpha variant, followed by the wild-type strain, and then the Omicron variant. The pooled estimate of myalgia was highest among patients infected with the Omicron variant (11.7%; 95%: 8.3%, 15.1%), compared with those infected with the wild-type strain (9.4%; 95%: 6.3%, 12.5%). The pooled estimate of sleep difficulty was lowest among the patients infected with the Delta variant (2.5%; 95%: 0.2%, 4.9%) when compared with those infected with the wild-type strain (24.5%; 95%: 17.5%, 31.5%) and the Omicron variant (18.7%; 95%: 1.0%, 36.5%). The findings of this study suggest that there is no significant difference between long COVID-19 that has been caused by different strains, except in certain general symptoms (i.e., in the Alpha or Omicron variant) and in sleep difficulty (i.e., the wild-type strain). In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its emerging variants, directing more attention to long COVID-19 that is caused by unique strains, as well as implementing targeted intervention measures to address it are vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yirui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Pulmonary Function Tests and Exercise Tolerance. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174936. [PMID: 36078866 PMCID: PMC9456186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to cause long-term pulmonary sequelae. Objects: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary function and on the 6-min walk test related to the severity of the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Academic Hospital (Rome, Italy), including 75 patients evaluated in post-COVID clinics at the Respiratory Units between November 2020 and September 2021. Complete pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk tests and persistence of symptoms were performed. Results: Of the 75 subjects, 23 had mild, 16 moderate, 26 severe and 10 very severe COVID-19, classified according to WHO. Very severe patients had a lower FVC (100 ± 10%pr) compared to the other groups (116 ± 16%pr, 116 ± 13%pr, 122 ± 20%pr from mild to severe; p < 0.05) and a lower TLC (94 ± 13%pr) compared to the others (102 ± 10%pr, 108 ± 15%pr, 108 ± 12%pr from mild to severe; p < 0.05). DLco and DLco/VA were similar among groups. At the 6MWT, distance, rest and nadir SpO2 were similar among groups, but all groups presented a significant decrease in SpO2 from rest to nadir (Rest SpO2: 97.0 ± 1.0% vs. Nadir SpO2: 93.6 ± 2.7%, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between desaturation and delta SpO2 (rest—nadir) (R: 0.29, p < 0.05) and the Distance Desaturation Product (R: 0.39, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results showed that, although the PFTs are within the normal range, there is still a mild restrictive spirometric pattern after six months in very severe subjects. Moreover, the only persistent pathological sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection were a mild desaturation at 6MWT, despite the severity of the infection.
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González J, Zuil M, Benítez ID, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Aguilar M, Santisteve S, Vaca R, Minguez O, Seck F, Torres G, de Batlle J, Gómez S, Barril S, Moncusí-Moix A, Monge A, Gort-Paniello C, Ferrer R, Ceccato A, Fernández L, Motos A, Riera J, Menéndez R, Garcia-Gasulla D, Peñuelas O, Labarca G, Caballero J, Barberà C, Torres A, Barbé F. One Year Overview and Follow-Up in a Post-COVID Consultation of Critically Ill Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:897990. [PMID: 35911414 PMCID: PMC9329578 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.897990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term clinical management and evolution of a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors have not been described in detail. We report a prospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March and August 2020. The follow-up in a post-COVID consultation comprised symptoms, pulmonary function tests, the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and chest computed tomography (CT). Additionally, questionnaires to evaluate the prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome were administered at 1 year. A total of 181 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period. They were middle-aged (median [IQR] of 61 [52;67]) and male (66.9%), with a median ICU stay of 9 (5–24.2) days. 20% died in the hospital, and 39 were not able to be included. A cohort of 105 patients initiated the follow-up. At 1 year, 32.2% persisted with respiratory alterations and needed to continue the follow-up. Ten percent still had moderate/severe lung diffusion (DLCO) involvement (<60%), and 53.7% had a fibrotic pattern on CT. Moreover, patients had a mean (SD) number of symptoms of 5.7 ± 4.6, and 61.3% met the criteria for post-COVID syndrome at 1 year. During the follow-up, 46 patients were discharged, and 16 were transferred to other consultations. Other conditions, such as emphysema (21.6%), COPD (8.2%), severe neurocognitive disorders (4.1%), and lung cancer (1%) were identified. A high use of health care resources is observed in the first year. In conclusion, one-third of critically ill COVID-19 patients need to continue follow-up beyond 1 year, due to abnormalities on DLCO, chest CT, or persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica González
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Zuil
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván D. Benítez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Aguilar
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sally Santisteve
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafaela Vaca
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
| | - Olga Minguez
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
| | - Faty Seck
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi de Batlle
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Barril
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Moncusí-Moix
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Monge
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gort-Paniello
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Ceccato
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Motos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Riera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Peñuelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jesús Caballero
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carme Barberà
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Department of Pulmonary, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine Group, Lleida, Spain
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ferran Barbé,
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Pelà G, Goldoni M, Solinas E, Cavalli C, Tagliaferri S, Ranzieri S, Frizzelli A, Marchi L, Mori PA, Majori M, Aiello M, Corradi M, Chetta A. Sex-Related Differences in Long-COVID-19 Syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:620-630. [PMID: 35333613 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sex differences have been demonstrated in the acute phase of COVID-19. Women (F) were found to be less prone to develop a severe disease than men (M), but few studies have assessed sex-differences in Long-COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: The aim of this prospective/retrospective study was to characterize the long-term consequences of this infection based on sex. For this purpose, we enrolled 223 patients (89 F and 134 M) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2. In the acute phase of the illness, F reported the following symptoms more frequently than M: weakness, dysgeusia, anosmia, thoracic pain, palpitations, diarrhea, and myalgia-all without significant differences in breathlessness, cough, and sleep disturbance. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 5 months after the acute phase, F were significantly more likely than M to report dyspnea, weakness, thoracic pain, palpitations, and sleep disturbance but not myalgia and cough. At the multivariate logistic regression, women were statistically significantly likely to experience persistent symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. On the contrary, myalgia, cough, and sleep disturbance were not influenced by sex. Conclusion: We demonstrated that F were more symptomatic than M not only in the acute phase but also at follow-up. Sex was found to be an important determinant of Long-COVID-19 syndrome because it is a significant predictor of persistent symptoms in F, such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. Our results suggest the need for long-term follow-up of these patients from a sex perspective to implement early preventive and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pelà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of General and Specialistic Medicine, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emila Solinas
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frizzelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pier Anselmo Mori
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Pulmonology and Endoscopic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Majori
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Pulmonology and Endoscopic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Yelin D, Moschopoulos CD, Margalit I, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Landi F, Stahl JP, Yahav D. ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:955-972. [PMID: 35182760 PMCID: PMC8849856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scope The aim of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and management of individuals with persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 infection and to provide a definition for this entity, termed ‘long COVID’. Methods We performed a search of the literature on studies addressing epidemiology, symptoms, assessment, and treatment of long COVID. The recommendations were grouped by these headings and by organ systems for assessment and treatment. An expert opinion definition of long COVID is provided. Symptoms were reviewed by a search of the available literature. For assessment recommendations, we aimed to perform a diagnostic meta-analysis, but no studies provided relevant results. For treatment recommendations we performed a systematic review of the literature in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We aimed to evaluate patient-related outcomes, including quality of life, return to baseline physical activity, and return to work. Quality assessment of studies included in the systematic review is provided according to study design. Recommendations Evidence was insufficient to provide any recommendation other than conditional guidance. The panel recommends considering routine blood tests, chest imaging, and pulmonary functions tests for patients with persistent respiratory symptoms at 3 months. Other tests should be performed mainly to exclude other conditions according to symptoms. For management, no evidence-based recommendations could be provided. Physical and respiratory rehabilitation should be considered. On the basis of limited evidence, the panel suggests designing high-quality prospective clinical studies/trials, including a control group, to further evaluate the assessment and management of individuals with persistent symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yelin
- COVID Recovery Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Charalampos D Moschopoulos
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ili Margalit
- COVID Recovery Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Stahl
- Infectious Diseases Department, University and Hospital Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
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