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Holz A, Obi N, Ahrens W, Berger K, Bohn B, Brenner H, Fischer B, Fricke J, Führer A, Gastell S, Greiser KH, Harth V, Heise JK, Holleczek B, Keil T, Klett-Tammen CJ, Leitzmann M, Lieb W, Meinke-Franze C, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Nimptsch K, Peters A, Pischon T, Riedel O, Schikowski T, Schipf S, Schmidt B, Schulze MB, Stang A, Hellwig K, Riemann-Lorenz K, Heesen C, Becher H. Childhood and adolescence factors and multiple sclerosis: results from the German National Cohort (NAKO). BMC Neurol 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38614986 PMCID: PMC11015562 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) represents the most common inflammatory neurological disease causing disability in early adulthood. Childhood and adolescence factors might be of relevance in the development of MS. We aimed to investigate the association between various factors (e.g., prematurity, breastfeeding, daycare attendance, weight history) and MS risk. METHODS Data from the baseline assessment of the German National Cohort (NAKO) were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between childhood and adolescence factors and risk of MS. Analyses stratified by sex were conducted. RESULTS Among a total of 204,273 participants, 858 reported an MS diagnosis. Male sex was associated with a decreased MS risk (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.41-0.56), while overweight (HR 2.03; 95% CI 1.41-2.94) and obesity (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.02-3.48) at 18 years of age compared to normal weight were associated with increased MS risk. Having been breastfed for ≤ 4 months was associated with a decreased MS risk in men (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.40-0.86) compared to no breastfeeding. No association with MS risk was observed for the remaining factors. CONCLUSIONS Apart from overweight and obesity at the age of 18 years, we did not observe considerable associations with MS risk. The proportion of cases that can be explained by childhood and adolescence factors examined in this study was low. Further investigations of the association between the onset of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence and its interaction with physical activity and MS risk seem worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Holz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology (IMBE), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amand Führer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Study Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Karin Halina Greiser
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolina J Klett-Tammen
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Riedel
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Talbot Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kerstin Hellwig
- Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Neurology Clinic, Clinic of Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karin Riemann-Lorenz
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Jovanovic A, Pekmezovic T, Mesaros S, Novakovic I, Peterlin B, Veselinovic N, Tamas O, Ivanovic J, Maric G, Andabaka M, Momcilovic N, Drulovic J. Exclusive breastfeeding may be a protective factor in individuals with familial multiple sclerosis. A population registry-based case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105392. [PMID: 38159366 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that affects the central nervous system, which most likely results from the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of developing familial multiple sclerosis (fMS) in persons with positive MS history, being the first such investigation performed in fMS cohort. METHODS A case-control study based on the Belgrade population MS Registry was conducted. Cases for the sporadic MS (sMS) control group were randomly selected from the Registry, and matched with individuals with fMS at a ratio of 1:1. Spouses of the persons with fMS were included as a healthy control (HC) group. A specific questionnaire that was previously validated was used to obtain the data. To evaluate risk factors associated with breastfeeding for fMS occurrence compared with sMS and HC, multinomial regression analysis was performed to compute the relative risk ratios (RRR) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The analysis was afterwards repeated, stratified by sex. Both models were adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 393 participants were included in our case-control study, 131 per group. There were more individuals who were exclusively breastfed longer than six months in the sMS group compared to fMS group (RRR 2.01, 95% CI 1.22-3.32). After stratification by sex, exclusive breastfeeding was shown to be a protective factor for fMS only in male population, for individuals breastfed ≥4 months. The results of both the main and stratified analysis remained robust after adjustment. CONCLUSION Our study findings indicate that breastfeeding reduces the risk of MS in infants with family history of the disease, although this protective effect may be limited to the male population. Further investigation into the differences in risk factors between fMS and sMS is warranted to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Jovanovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Pekmezovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarlota Mesaros
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute for Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikola Veselinovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Tamas
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Ivanovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Andabaka
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Momcilovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Drulovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Mandato C, Colucci A, Lanzillo R, Staiano A, Scarpato E, Schiavo L, Operto FF, Serra MR, Di Monaco C, Napoli JS, Massa G, Vajro P. Multiple Sclerosis-Related Dietary and Nutritional Issues: An Updated Scoping Review with a Focus on Pediatrics. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1022. [PMID: 37371254 DOI: 10.3390/children10061022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle/dietetic habits play an important role in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. Here, we examine the basic pathomechanisms underlying intestinal and brain barrier modifications in MS and consider diets and dietary supplementations proposed over time to complement pharmacological therapies for improving disease outcome both in adults and in children. METHODS Scoping literature search about evidence-based findings in MS-related gut-brain axis (GBA) pathophysiology and nutritional issues at all ages. FINDINGS Data show that (1) no universal best diet exists, (2) healthy/balanced diets are, however, necessary to safeguard the adequate intake of all essential nutrients, (3) diets with high intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins that limit processed foods, sugar, and saturated fat appear beneficial for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to shape a gut microbiota that respects the gut and brain barriers, (4) obesity may trigger MS onset and/or its less favorable course, especially in pediatric-onset MS. Vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most studied supplements for reducing MS-associated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Pending results from other and/or newer approaches targeting the GBA (e.g., pre- and probiotics, engineered probiotics, fecal-microbiota transplantation), accurate counseling in choosing adequate diet and maintaining physical activity remains recommended for MS prevention and management both in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Nutrition Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Psychiatry Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Serra
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Monaco
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Julia Sara Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Grazia Massa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
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