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Rief W, Wilhelm M. Nocebo and Placebo Effects and Their Implications in Psychotherapy. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024:1-6. [PMID: 39217983 DOI: 10.1159/000540791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,
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Fava GA, Sonino N, Aron DC, Balon R, Berrocal Montiel C, Cao J, Concato J, Eory A, Horwitz RI, Rafanelli C, Schnyder U, Wang H, Wise TN, Wright JH, Zipfel S, Patierno C. Clinical Interviewing: An Essential but Neglected Method of Medicine. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024; 93:94-99. [PMID: 38382481 DOI: 10.1159/000536490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Clinical interviewing is the basic method to understand how a person feels and what are the presenting complaints, obtain medical history, evaluate personal attitudes and behavior related to health and disease, give the patient information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and establish a bond between patient and physician that is crucial for shared decision making and self-management. However, the value of this basic skill is threatened by time pressures and emphasis on technology. Current health care trends privilege expensive tests and procedures and tag the time devoted to interaction with the patient as lacking cost-effectiveness. Instead, the time spent to inquire about problems and life setting may actually help to avoid further testing, procedures, and referrals. Moreover, the dialogue between patient and physician is an essential instrument to increase patient's motivation to engage in healthy behavior. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of clinical interviewing and its optimal use in relation to style, flow and hypothesis testing, clinical domains, modifications according to settings and goals, and teaching. This review points to the primacy of interviewing in the clinical process. The quality of interviewing determines the quality of data that are collected and, eventually, of assessment and treatment. Thus, interviewing deserves more attention in educational training and more space in clinical encounters than it is currently receiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Nicoletta Sonino
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - David C Aron
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Balon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Anesthesiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Berrocal Montiel
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Changzhou First People's Hospital and Psychosomatic Gastroenterology Institute, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - John Concato
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ajandek Eory
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralph I Horwitz
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Hongxing Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas N Wise
- Department of Psychiatry, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jesse H Wright
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
- German Centre of Mental Health, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Chiara Patierno
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lucente M, Guidi J. Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2023; 92:295-303. [PMID: 37666236 PMCID: PMC10716875 DOI: 10.1159/000533424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of allostatic load encompasses the cumulative effects of both ordinary daily life events as well as major challenges, and also includes related health-damaging behavior. Allostatic overload ensues when environmental challenges exceed the individual's ability to cope. Identification of allostatic load is carried out through the use of biomarkers and clinimetric criteria. Studies are increasingly reported on allostatic load in younger populations, yet a systematic review is missing. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the current knowledge on allostatic load/overload among children and adolescents. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2023. A manual search of the literature was also performed. We considered only studies in which allostatic load or overload were adequately described and assessed in either clinical or non-clinical populations younger than 18 years. RESULTS A total of 38 original investigations were included in this systematic review. Studies reported an association between allostatic load and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., poverty, ethnicity, perceived discrimination, adverse childhood experiences) and environmental factors, as well as consequences of allostatic load on both physical and mental health among children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that greater allostatic load is associated with poorer health outcomes in both clinical and non-clinical pediatric populations, with possible enduring effects. The results support the clinical utility of the transdiagnostic identification of allostatic load and overload in children and adolescents across a variety of settings, with a number of potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Lucente
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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