1
|
Lunney JK, Van Goor A, Walker KE, Hailstock T, Franklin J, Dai C. Importance of the pig as a human biomedical model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5758. [PMID: 34818055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jasmine Franklin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krychtiuk KA, Speidl WS, Giannitsis E, Gigante B, Gorog DA, Jaffe AS, Mair J, Möckel M, Mueller C, Storey RF, Vilahur G, Wojta J, Huber K, Halvorsen S, Geisler T, Morais J, Lindahl B, Thygesen K. Biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a joint position paper of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 10:343-355. [PMID: 33620437 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a thrombus in an epicardial artery may result in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite major advances in acute treatment using network approaches to allocate patients to timely reperfusion and optimal antithrombotic treatment, patients remain at high risk for thrombotic complications. Ongoing activation of the coagulation system as well as thrombin-mediated platelet activation may both play a crucial role in this context. Whether measurement of circulating biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis could be useful for risk stratification in secondary prevention is currently not fully understood. In addition, measurement of such biomarkers could be helpful to identify thrombus formation as the leading mechanism for AMI. The introduction of biomarkers of myocardial injury such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponins made rule-out of AMI even more precise. However, elevated markers of myocardial injury cannot provide proof of a type 1 AMI, let alone thrombus formation. The combined measurement of markers of myocardial injury with biomarkers reflecting ongoing thrombus formation might be helpful for the fast and correct diagnosis of an atherothrombotic type 1 AMI. This position paper gives an overview of the current knowledge and possible role of biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis for the diagnosis of AMI, risk stratification, and individualized treatment strategies in patients with AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, Medical University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Entrévägen 2, 182 57 Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Department of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St, Chelsea, London SW3 6LY, UK.,Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St SW Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Johannes Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Möckel
- Division of Emergency and Acute Medicine and Chest Pain Units, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte and Virchow, Augustenburger Pl. 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 2, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Storey
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC - Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johann Wojta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,3rd Medical Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Geisler
- University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joao Morais
- Division of Cardiology, Santo Andre's Hospital, R. de Santo André, 2410-197 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 38, 751 85 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristian Thygesen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 161, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watson AL, Carlson DF, Largaespada DA, Hackett PB, Fahrenkrug SC. Engineered Swine Models of Cancer. Front Genet 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27242889 PMCID: PMC4860525 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the technology to engineer genetically modified swine has seen many advancements, and because their physiology is remarkably similar to that of humans, swine models of cancer may be extremely valuable for preclinical safety studies as well as toxicity testing of pharmaceuticals prior to the start of human clinical trials. Hence, the benefits of using swine as a large animal model in cancer research and the potential applications and future opportunities of utilizing pigs in cancer modeling are immense. In this review, we discuss how pigs have been and can be used as a biomedical models for cancer research, with an emphasis on current technologies. We have focused on applications of precision genetics that can provide models that mimic human cancer predisposition syndromes. In particular, we describe the advantages of targeted gene-editing using custom endonucleases, specifically TALENs and CRISPRs, and transposon systems, to make novel pig models of cancer with broad preclinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Largaespada
- RecombineticsSt. Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Pediatrics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Perry B Hackett
- RecombineticsSt. Paul, MN, USA; Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seretis C, Youssef H, Chapman M. Hypercoagulation in colorectal cancer: what can platelet indices tell us? Platelets 2014; 26:114-8. [PMID: 25192361 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.894969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, as all solid malignancies, is accompanied by changes in the haemostatic mechanism favoring the establishment of a thrombotic potential, with platelets playing a key-role in this framework; they further link colorectal cancer progression and hypercoagulation with the immune-response against the neoplastic spread. Under this rationale, various studies have assessed the use of platelet indices as prognostic markers of the biological behavior of colorectal cancer, demonstrating significant results. We herein attempt to summarize in a narrative and critical approach the relevant available data and the underlying pathophysiology, stressing the necessity of a more thorough understanding and future implementation of platelet indices in all stages of care we deliver to colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Seretis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Good Hope Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang HJ, Lo WY, Lu TL, Huang H. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases thrombin/paclitaxel-induced endothelial tissue factor expression via the inhibition of c-Jun terminal NH2 kinase phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:716-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Noordeloos AM, Soullié T, Duckers HJ, Serruys PWJC. Promoting Vascular Regeneration as an Alternative to Conventional Angioplasty-Based Intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:431-9. [PMID: 17169775 DOI: 10.1080/10623320601066812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Technologies in interventional Cardiology have evolved from balloon to mechanical ablation, atherectomy, stenting, and brachytherapy to current drug eluting interventional strategies. New challenges are to develop techniques that not only prevent restenosis, but also promote vascular and endothelial healing after (balloon) injury. Endothelial healing approaches range from preventing endothelial injury to restoring endothelial function and reendothelialization by pharmacotherapy and cell therapy. These novel healing strategies warrant further exploration as they may represent an alternative to drug-eluting stent approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie M Noordeloos
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy and the development of in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries. Coron Artery Dis 2009; 19:635-43. [PMID: 19005299 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e32831425ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We set out to compare the effectiveness of platelet aggregation therapy in association with the development of in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries. METHODS Thirty-two pigs underwent coronary stenting with bare-metal stents under general anaesthesia. One hundred milligrams of aspirin and loading doses of either 300 mg clopidogrel (group C, n=13) or 2 x 500 mg ticlopidine (group T, n=19) were administered before intervention. During the follow-up, the animals received a daily dose of 100 mg aspirin and 75 mg clopidogrel or 2 x 250 mg ticlopidine, respectively. After 4 weeks, the histopathological and histomorphometric parameters of the explanted stented coronaries were assessed. Levels of circulating cytokines and platelet activation factors were measured. ADP-induced and collagen-induced aggregation was measured immediately before stenting and then every 3rd day. The aggregation profiles were calculated and correlated with the histological parameters. RESULTS The fibrin deposition scores and inflammation scores were higher in group T than in group C, with similar injury scores. Endothelialization was complete in both groups. A significantly lower neointimal area (1.08+/-0.36 vs. 1.58+/-0.5, group C vs. T, P=0.026) and percentage of area stenosis (29.8+/-12.1 vs. 44.3+/-16.3, group C vs. T, P=0.032) were observed in group C. The loading dose of clopidogrel significantly reduced the platelet activation parameters before the first angiography as compared with ticlopidone. Clopidogrel treatment resulted in a significantly better aggregation profile relative to ticlopidine (mean ADP-induced aggregation: 28.4+/-9.1 vs. 52.5+/-12.0%, P<0.001). Significant (P<0.05) positive linear correlations were observed between the ADP-induced aggregation profile and the neointimal area (r=0.584), percentage of area stenosis (r=0.666), inflammation (r=0.476) and fibrin deposition (r=0.496). CONCLUSION The effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy plays an important role in the inhibition of in-stent neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to confirm the local drug delivery of a paclitaxel-eluting balloon by percutaneous intervention of single arterial segments or bifurcations of porcine coronary arteries. METHODS Eight domestic pigs were subjected to 2 x 30 s Dior balloon dilatation of the mid left anterior descending, left circumflex and proximal right coronary arteries. Bifurcation intervention was performed in six arteries. The dilated, and the distal and proximal reference segments were prepared for tissue paclitaxel concentration measurement. Tissue samples were harvested at mean 1.5, 12, 24 and 48 h after balloon dilatation and plasma samples were taken at various time points. RESULTS The tissue paclitaxel concentration of the single dilated segment was at 1.5 h postdilatation 1.82+/-1.60 micromol/l, which decreased significantly to 0.73+/-0.27 (P=0.032), 0.62+/-0.34 and 0.44+/-0.31 micromol/l at 12, 24 and 48 h. The bifurcation intervention resulted in 5.10+/-1.80 micromol/l tissue paclitaxel amount in the main branch, which at 12 h had diminished to 1.41+/-1.23 micromol/l (P=0.004). The bifurcation side contained 7.00+/-4.80 micromol/l paclitaxel at 1.5 h postdilatation, which lowered to 2.72+/-0.40 micromol/l (P=0.034). The mean paclitaxel concentration of the reference segments decreased gradually from 0.84+/-0.99 to 0.34+/-0.36 micromol/l (P=0.09), 0.28+/-0.16 and 0.19+/-0.18 micromol/l tissue at 1.5, 12, 24 and 48 h postdilatation, respectively. No paclitaxel was found in the peripheral blood at any time point. CONCLUSION Short exposure of the coronary artery to paclitaxel with a coated balloon is sufficient for the attainment of an adequate tissue concentration of paclitaxel, which is known to be efficient in inhibiting neointimal growth.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahemuti A, Meneveau N, Seronde MF, Schiele F, Descotes-Genon V, Ecarnot F, Blonde MC, Mercier M, Racadot E, Bassand JP. Early changes in local hemostasis activation following percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina patients: a comparison between drug-eluting and bare metal stents. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008; 28:333-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-008-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Farhan S, Hemetsberger R, Matiasek J, Strehblow C, Pavo N, Khorsand A, Petneházy O, Petrási Z, Kaider A, Glogar D, Huber K, Gyöngyösi M. Implantation of paclitaxel-eluting stent impairs the vascular compliance of arteries in porcine coronary stenting model. Atherosclerosis 2008; 202:144-51. [PMID: 18514201 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impaired compliance of large and medium-sized muscular arteries has been shown to correlate with the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. We assessed coronary artery distensibility using simultaneous intracoronary ultrasound and pressure wire measurements in porcine coronary arteries after implantation of paclitaxel-eluting (PES) and bare metal stents (BMS) and compared this with the histopathology of the arterial wall injury. METHODS PES and BMS were implanted into porcine left coronary arteries under general anesthesia. At 1-month follow-up (FUP) the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular compliances were measured after intracoronary infusion of 10(-6)M acetylcholine for 2.5min, and intracoronary bolus of 100microg nitroglycerine, respectively. The arterial stiffness index, distensibility and reflexion index were calculated in stented arteries (n=25 PES and n=25 BMS), and correlated with histopathologic and histomorphometric changes of the vessel wall. RESULTS In spite of smaller neointimal area, the fibrin deposition, medial thickening, vascular wall inflammation scores and arterial remodeling index were elevated and endothelialization was impaired in arteries with PES. Arteries with PES exhibited significantly worse endothelium-dependent vascular compliance: the stiffness (p<0.001) and reflexion index (p<0.001) were significantly higher and the distensibility index (p<0.001) lower as compared with the arteries with BMS. The endothelium-independent vascular reaction was similarly impaired in arteries with PES, as the stiffness index (p<0.001) and the distensibility index (p<0.001) differed significantly between the PES and BMS groups. Incomplete endothelialization (r=0.617, p<0.001) was significantly associated with the endothelium-dependent increased vascular stiffness. The increased fibrin score (r=0.646, p<0.001), vessel wall inflammation (r=0.657, p<0.001) and medial thickening (r=0.672, p<0.001) correlated significantly with the endothelium-independent stiffness index. CONCLUSIONS Implantation of PES impairs the coronary artery wall structure and the endothelium-dependent and independent vessel wall dynamics more than does the implantation of BMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Farhan
- 3rd Department of Medicine (Cardiology and Emergency Medicine) Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Early local intracoronary platelet activation after drug-eluting stent placement. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200711020-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
12
|
Lunney JK. Advances in swine biomedical model genomics. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3:179-84. [PMID: 17384736 PMCID: PMC1802015 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is a short update on the diversity of swine biomedical models and the importance of genomics in their continued development. The swine has been used as a major mammalian model for human studies because of the similarity in size and physiology, and in organ development and disease progression. The pig model allows for deliberately timed studies, imaging of internal vessels and organs using standard human technologies, and collection of repeated peripheral samples and, at kill, detailed mucosal tissues. The ability to use pigs from the same litter, or cloned or transgenic pigs, facilitates comparative analyses and genetic mapping. The availability of numerous well defined cell lines, representing a broad range of tissues, further facilitates testing of gene expression, drug susceptibility, etc. Thus the pig is an excellent biomedical model for humans. For genomic applications it is an asset that the pig genome has high sequence and chromosome structure homology with humans. With the swine genome sequence now well advanced there are improving genetic and proteomic tools for these comparative analyses. The review will discuss some of the genomic approaches used to probe these models. The review will highlight genomic studies of melanoma and of infectious disease resistance, discussing issues to consider in designing such studies. It will end with a short discussion of the potential for genomic approaches to develop new alternatives for control of the most economically important disease of pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and the potential for applying knowledge gained with this virus for human viral infectious disease studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- APDL, BARC, ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lösche W, Heptinstall S. Value of Platelet Activation Markers as Prothrombotic Risk Indicators. Transfus Med Hemother 2007. [DOI: 10.1159/000097497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|