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Kozlova N, Jensen JK, Chi TF, Samoylenko A, Kietzmann T. PAI-1 modulates cell migration in a LRP1-dependent manner via β-catenin and ERK1/2. Thromb Haemost 2015; 113:988-98. [PMID: 25694133 DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major and most specific acting urokinase (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) inhibitor. Apart from its function in the fibrinolytic system, PAI-1 was also found to contribute to processes like tissue remodelling, angiogenesis, and tumour progression. However, the role of PAI-1 in those processes remains largely controversial with respect to the influence of PAI-1 on cell signalling pathways. Although PAI-1 does not possess its own cellular receptor, it can be bound to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) which was proposed to modulate the β-catenin pathway. Therefore, we used wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and MEFs deficient of LRP1 to study PAI-1 as modulator of the β-catenin pathway. We found that PAI-1 influences MEF proliferation and motility in a LRP1-dependent manner and that β-catenin is important for that response. In addition, expression of β-catenin and β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity were induced by PAI-1 in wild type MEFs, but not in LRP1-deficient cells. Moreover, PAI-1-induced ERK1/2 activation was more prominent in the LRP1-deficient cells and interestingly knockdown of β-catenin abolished this effect. Together, the data of the current study show that PAI-1 can promote cell migration via LRP1-dependent activation of the β-catenin and ERK1/2 MAPK pathway which may be important in stage-specific treatment of human diseases associated with high PAI-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anatoly Samoylenko
- Anatoly Samoylenko, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P. O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland, E-mail:
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Thomas Kietzmann, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P. O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland, Tel : +358 2 9448 7713,
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Delgado GE, Siekmeier R, Krämer BK, März W, Kleber ME. Plasma Fibrinolysis Parameters in Smokers and Non-smokers of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 858:69-77. [PMID: 25786403 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis are risk factors of CVD and might be affected by cigarette smoking. Aim of our study was to analyze the effect of cigarette smoking on parameters of fibrinolysis in active smokers (AS) and life-time non-smokers (NS) of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study as well as the use of these parameters for risk prediction. We determined plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA), protein C activity, and D-dimers in 3,316 LURIC patients. Smoking status was assessed by a questionnaire and measurement of plasma cotinine concentration. Cox regression was used to assess the effect of parameters on mortality. We found that of the 3,316 LURIC patients 777 were AS and 1,178 NS. Within the observation period of 10 years (median) 221 AS and 302 NS died. In male AS vs. NS, PAI-1 (19.0 (10.0-35.0) vs. 15.0 (9.0-29.0) U/ml; p=0.026) and t-PA antigen (12.7 (9.6-16.3) vs. 11.6 (8.9-14.6) μg/l; p=0.020) were slightly increased, while t-PA activity was slightly decreased (0.63 (0.30-1.05) vs. 0.68 (0.42-1.10) U/l; p=0.005). In female AS vs. NS, t-PA antigen (10.5 (8.3-13.9) vs. 11.5 (8.8-15.0) μg/l; p=0.025) and protein C (108.0±24.1% vs. 118.0±25.7%; p=0.004) were decreased. All parameters except for protein C were predictive for mortality in AS. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.14 (1.04-1.25), 1.19 (1.06-1.34), and 1.29 (1.11-1.49) per 1SD increase for D-dimer, t-PA, and PAI-1, respectively. Including fibrinolysis parameters in risk prediction models for mortality improved the area-under-the-curve (AUC) significantly compared with the conventional risk factors. In conclusion, we found alterations in the fibrinolytic system in smokers, which were more pronounced in male AS. PAI-1, t-PA and D-dimers were significant predictors of mortality in AS in LURIC and should be included into the assessment of cardiovascular risk particularly in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela E Delgado
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gopinathan U, Brusletto BS, Olstad OK, Kierulf P, Berg JP, Brandtzaeg P, Øvstebø R. IL-10 immunodepletion from meningococcal sepsis plasma induces extensive changes in gene expression and cytokine release in stimulated human monocytes. Innate Immun 2014; 21:429-49. [PMID: 25233959 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914547743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of systemic meningococcal disease (SMD) correlates to plasma concentrations of LPS and IL-10, with the highest levels detected in non-survivors. Here, plasma from patients with SMD containing high and low concentrations of LPS were incubated with human monocytes before and after immunodepletion of IL-10 to study the effect of IL-10 on gene expression and cytokine release. Patient plasma containing IL-10 induced the expression of 1657 genes in human monocytes when compared with gene expression induced by low LPS plasma. After immunodepletion of IL-10, this number increased to 2260. By directly comparing the gene expression profiles induced before and after immunodepletion of IL-10, the presence of IL-10 differentially regulated 373 genes. Functional classes associated with these genes were cellular function and maintenance, cellular development, cellular growth and proliferation, cell-cell signaling and interaction and cellular movement. Immunodepletion of IL-10 resulted in down-regulation of genes of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family, and up-regulation of genes of type I IFN signaling, TLR signaling, the inflammasomes, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Finally, immunodepletion of IL-10 increased the protein levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Data suggest that IL-10 in meningococcal sepsis plasma regulates a variety of genes and signaling pathways, likely leading to an overall inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response induced in meningococcal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni Gopinathan
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Sletbakk Brusletto
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristoffer Olstad
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Kierulf
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Brandtzaeg
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Haiko J, Laakkonen L, Juuti K, Kalkkinen N, Korhonen TK. The omptins of Yersinia pestis and Salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:4553-61. [PMID: 20639337 PMCID: PMC2937412 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00458-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. Here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, inactivate PAI-1 by cleaving the R346-M347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. No cleavage of PAI-1 was detected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pathogen from which Y. pestis has evolved, or with Escherichia coli. The cleavage and inactivation of PAI-1 were mediated by the outer membrane proteases plasminogen activator Pla of Y. pestis and PgtE protease of S. enterica, which belong to the omptin family of transmembrane endopeptidases identified in Gram-negative bacteria. Cleavage of PAI-1 was also detected with the omptins Epo of Erwinia pyrifoliae and Kop of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which both belong to the same omptin subfamily as Pla and PgtE, whereas no cleavage of PAI-1 was detected with omptins of Shigella flexneri or E. coli or the Yersinia chromosomal omptins, which belong to other omptin subfamilies. The results reveal a novel serpinolytic mechanism by which enterobacterial species expressing omptins of the Pla subfamily bypass normal control of host proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Haiko
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Neuroscience Center, P.O. Box 56, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Laakkonen
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Neuroscience Center, P.O. Box 56, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Juuti
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Neuroscience Center, P.O. Box 56, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nisse Kalkkinen
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Neuroscience Center, P.O. Box 56, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo K. Korhonen
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 56, Neuroscience Center, P.O. Box 56, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 65, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Carter JC, Campbell RA, Gibbons JA, Gramling MW, Wolberg AS, Church FC. Enhanced cell-associated plasminogen activator pathway but not coagulation pathway activity contributes to motility in metastatic breast cancer cells. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1323-32. [PMID: 20180817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of tumor cell-associated coagulation and plasminogen activator pathways occurs in malignant disease processes, including breast cancer, and may promote metastatic activity. OBJECTIVES/METHODS To compare the coagulation and plasminogen activator pathways of normal and metastatic cells, we examined two cell lines from the MCF-10 family of breast cells: near-normal immortalized MCF-10A cells, and metastatic MCF-10CA1 cells. RESULTS MCF-10CA1 cell motility was significantly increased as compared with that of MCF-10A cells. The two cell types supported similar rates of factor Xa generation, plasma thrombin generation, and fibrin formation. MCF-10A cells produced a stable fibrin network, whereas MCF-10CA1 cells lysed the surrounding fibrin network within 24 h of network formation. Importantly, fibrin located proximal to (within 10 microm) the MCF-10CA1 cell surface lysed substantially faster than fibrin located 100 microm from the surface. MCF-10CA1 cells supported significantly increased plasmin generation rates as compared with MCF-10A cells, providing a mechanism for the increased fibrinolytic activity of these cells towards the fibrin network. Metastatic MCF-10CA1 cells had increased expression (mRNA and protein) levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) and decreased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as compared with MCF-10A cells. Blocking u-PA activity with the active site-directed protease inhibitor amiloride substantially decreased MCF-10CA1 cell motility. Phosphorylated Akt levels were elevated in MCF-10CA1 cells, which partially explains the increased u-PA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the tumor-associated plasminogen activator pathway, not the coagulation pathway, is a key distinguishing feature between metastatic MCF10-CA1 cells and normal MCF-10A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Carter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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