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Yan Y, Gong W, Ma C, Wang X, Smith SC, Fonarow GC, Morgan L, Liu J, Vicaut E, Zhao D, Montalescot G, Nie S. Postprocedure Anticoagulation in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:251-263. [PMID: 35144781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the association between postprocedural anticoagulation (PPAC) use and several clinical outcomes. BACKGROUND PPAC after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may prevent recurrent ischemic events but may increase the risk of bleeding. No consensus has been reached on PPAC use. METHODS Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome registry, conducted between 2014 and 2019, we stratified all STEMI patients who underwent pPCI according to the use of PPAC or not. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and a Cox proportional hazards model with hospital as random effect were used to analyze differences in in-hospital clinical outcomes: the primary efficacy endpoint was mortality and the primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. RESULTS Of 34,826 evaluable patients, 26,272 (75.4%) were treated with PPAC and were on average younger, more stable at admission with lower bleeding risk score, more likely to have comorbidities and multivessel disease, and more often treated within 12 hours of symptom onset than those without PPAC. After inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment for baseline differences, PPAC was associated with significantly reduced risk of in-hospital mortality (0.9% vs 1.8%; HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43-0.89; P < 0.001) and a nonsignificant difference in risk of in-hospital major bleeding (2.5% vs 2.2%; HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.83-1.32; P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS PPAC in STEMI patients after pPCI was associated with reduced mortality without increasing major bleeding complications. Dedicated randomized trials with contemporary STEMI management are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sidney C Smith
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Louise Morgan
- International Quality Improvement Department, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Vicaut
- ACTION Study Group, Epidemiology and Clinic Research Unit, Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gilles Montalescot
- Sorbonne University, ACTION Study Group, INSERM UMRS 1166, Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Baluwala I, Favaloro EJ, Pasalic L. Therapeutic monitoring of unfractionated heparin - trials and tribulations. Expert Rev Hematol 2017. [PMID: 28632418 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1345306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heparin is one of the oldest biological medicines with an established role in prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thromboembolism. Published therapeutic ranges for unfractionated heparin (UFH) mostly precede the large increase in the number of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagent/instrument combinations that now show wide variability. Areas covered: This paper explores the use of UFH, the development of heparin therapeutic ranges (HTRs), and the strengths and limitations of the methods used to monitor heparin's anticoagulant effect. Expert commentary: Despite longstanding use of UFH for management of thromboembolic conditions, the optimal test for monitoring UFH remains undetermined. Although used extensively for monitoring UFH, routine APTT-derived HTRs are based on limited science that may have little relevance to current laboratory practice. Anti-FXa levels may provide better and more reliable HTRs; however, even these levels show considerable inter-laboratory variation, and there are insufficient clinical studies proving improved clinical efficacy. Alternative tests for monitoring UFH reported over time have not been proven effective nor feasible, secondary to technical or cost issues, or lack of general adoption. Thus, despite limited evidence of clinical utility, an uncomfortable marriage of convenience represented by heparin laboratory monitoring is unlikely to be terminated in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israfil Baluwala
- a Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology , Westmead Hospital , Westmead , Australia
| | - Emmanuel J Favaloro
- a Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology , Westmead Hospital , Westmead , Australia.,b Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis , Westmead , Australia
| | - Leonardo Pasalic
- a Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology , Westmead Hospital , Westmead , Australia.,b Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis , Westmead , Australia
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Kikkert WJ, van Brussel PM, Damman P, Claessen BE, van Straalen JP, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, Peters RJ, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. Influence of chronic kidney disease on anticoagulation levels and bleeding after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients treated with unfractionated heparin. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 41:441-51. [PMID: 26238770 PMCID: PMC4799790 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-015-1255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) plasma protein binding and elimination might be impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD-defined as creatinine clearance <60 ml/min). It is currently unknown at which UFH bolus dose persistent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) occurs in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with CKD. We investigated the effect of different UFH bolus doses on the first aPTT measured within 6 and 12 h after PPCI in 1071 STEMI patients with and without CKD undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) between 1-1-2003 and 31-07-2008. In the first 6 h after PPCI, aPTT ratio was 5.1 for patients with CKD versus 3.4 for those without (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with markedly high aPTTs (aPTT ratio ≥ 4 times control) increased with increasing heparin bolus and beyond 130 IU/kg there was a marked difference between patients with and without CKD (74.1 and 42.3 % respectively, p < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, CKD was associated with an increased risk of markedly high aPTTs (odds ratio (OR) 2.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.27), driven largely by an increased risk of aPTT prolongation in patients treated with UFH boluses ≥130 IU/kg (OR 3.69; 95 % CI 1.85-7.36; p for interaction = 0.009). In conclusion, CKD is associated with severe persistent aPTT prolongation in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, possibly due to impaired plasma protein binding and reduced UFH elimination. A lower heparin bolus dose might result in lower aPTTs and less bleeding complications in patients with CKD undergoing PPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter M van Brussel
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Damman
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bimmer E Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P van Straalen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron J Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Claessen BEPM, Kikkert WJ, Hoebers LP, Bahadurzada H, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JGP, Piek JJ, Henriques JPS. Long-term ischaemic and bleeding outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:477-482. [PMID: 26259967 PMCID: PMC4580666 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The population is ageing rapidly and the proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is rising, but clinical trials have primarily been performed in younger patients. Methods Patients undergoing primary PCI between 2003 and 2008 were subdivided into 3 groups: < 60, 60-79, and ≥ 80 years. Endpoints at 3-year follow-up included all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (reMI), stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), bleeding (BARC bleeding ≥ 3), stroke, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiac mortality, reMI, stroke and TLR). Results 2002 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included, 885 (44.2 %) aged < 60, 921 (46.0 %) 60–79, and 196 (9.7 %) ≥ 80 years. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, malignant disease, anaemia, and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in patients ≥ 80 years. The incidence of both ischaemic and bleeding events strongly increased with age. Age ≥ 80 years was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 2.56, 95 % CI1.69–3.87, p < 0.001), a borderline non-significant predictor of overall bleeding (HR 1.38, 95 %CI 0.95–2.00, p = 0.088), and a significant predictor of non-access site bleeding (HR 2.26, 95 %CI 1.46–3.51, p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients ≥ 80 years experienced high rates of ischaemic and bleeding complications; especially in this high-risk patient group individualised therapy is needed to optimise clinical outcomes. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12471-015-0733-2 contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimmer E P M Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Loes P Hoebers
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hassina Bahadurzada
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - José P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, B2-115, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, AZ, The Netherlands
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Kikkert WJ, Hassell MECJ, Delewi R, van der Laan MH, Baan J, Vis MM, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. Predictors and prognostic consequence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:128-134. [PMID: 25703420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on the predictors and implications of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and dual antiplatelet therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS Predictors of and clinical outcome after GI bleeding were assessed in 2002 STEMI patients undergoing PPCI between 1-1-2003 and 31-07-2008. 139 patients suffered GI bleeding during a median follow-up of 4.9 years. Predictors of GI bleeding were age, history of bleeding, anemia, baseline thrombocytopenia, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiogenic shock, anterior infarction and the use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. By multivariable analysis, a first occurrence of GI bleeding was associated with a twofold increase in risk of subsequent GI bleeding (hazard ratio (HR) 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-4.17). GI bleeding was not significantly associated with subsequent major adverse cardiac events (HR 1.33; 95% CI 0.98-1.79), cardiac (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.97-2.02) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.34; 95% CI 0.96-1.85), recurrent MI (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.58-1.63), stroke (HR 1.26; 95% CI 0.57-2.79) or stent thrombosis (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.33-1.69). CONCLUSION Among STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, the risk of GI bleeding is related to a number of risk factors, including advanced age, previous (GI) bleeding, GP IIB/IIIA inhibitors, anterior infarction and anemia. GI bleeding does not substantially increase the risk of subsequent recurrent ischemic events in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, whereas the risk of GI bleeding after a first occurrence is more than doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlla E C J Hassell
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronak Delewi
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet H van der Laan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hong X, Shan PR, Huang WJ, Zhu QL, Xiao FY, Li S, Zhou H. Influence of Body Mass Index on the Activated Clotting Time Under Weight-Based Heparin Dose. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 30:108-13. [PMID: 25425223 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated clotting time (ACT) has been successfully applied during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to monitor the extent of thrombin inhibition and anti-coagulation from unfractionated heparin (UFH) aiming to reduce the incidence of thrombotic adverse events and hemorrhagic complications. And this investigation was to explore the influence of body mass index (BMI) on ACT in patients received weight-based dose of UFH during PCI treatment. METHODS 78 male patients undergoing coronary angiography or PCI treatment with a mean age of 63.86 ± 6.89 years were enrolled in this study. The patients were statistically divided into four quartiles according to their BMI. The ACT values were recorded as ACT0 , ACT5 , ACT10 , ACT30 and ACT60 , respectively. Taking the preoperative ACT0 as reference, and the differences of the other ACT values with ACT0 was indicated as ΔACTs. ACT values peaked at 5 min in 33.33% of the patients, 10 min in 51.33% of the patients and 30 min in 15.34% of the patients, respectively. RESULTS In addition, significant differences were found in overall maximum post-UFH ACT values among all BMI quartiles. UFH doses per blood volume were significantly different among the BMI quartiles, showing a positive association with BMI quartiles; further evidence revealed that the areas under the ΔACT-time curves increased gradually from quartile I to quartile IV. The proportions of ACT60 > 250 s and ACT60 > 300 s were found to be positively correlated with the increased BMI at 60 min after heparin loading. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that a standardized dosing nomogram that uses the actual body weight to calculate the heparin doses may result in UFH overdose for patients with higher BMI compared to patients with lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Ren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Kikkert WJ, Delewi R, Ouweneel DM, van Nes SH, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, Dangas GD, Mehran R, de Winter RJ, Peters RJG, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. Prognostic value of access site and nonaccess site bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cohort study in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and comprehensive meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7:622-30. [PMID: 24835321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of access site bleeding (ASB) and non-ASB for recurrent ischemic outcomes and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). BACKGROUND The prognostic value of ASB-related complications after STEMI is subject to debate. METHODS The prognostic value of ASB and non-ASB for 1-year mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and stroke was investigated in 2,002 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating the prognostic value of ASB and non-ASB in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS Seventy-four patients (3.7%) were treated by radial access. ASB developed in 124 patients (6.3%) and non-ASB developed in 102 (5.2%). By multivariable analysis, ASB was not associated with a higher risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03; p = 0.89), recurrent MI (HR: 1.16; p = 0.64), stent thrombosis (HR: 0.55; p = 0.42), or stroke (HR: 0.47; p = 0.31). Non-ASB was independently associated with 1-year mortality (HR: 2.77; p < 0.001) and stent thrombosis (HR: 3.10; p = 0.021), but not with recurrent MI and stroke. In a meta-analysis including 495,630 patients, non-ASB was associated with a greater adjusted risk of subsequent 1-year mortality than ASB (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.56 to 1.76 and HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.31). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI, ASB was not significantly associated with 1-year clinical outcomes, whereas non-ASB was significantly associated with 1-year mortality and stent thrombosis. These results taken together with those of previous studies indicate a greater risk of subsequent mortality in patients with non-ASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronak Delewi
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dagmar M Ouweneel
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie H van Nes
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George D Dangas
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ron J G Peters
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose P S Henriques
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Woudstra P, Damman P, Kuijt WJ, Kikkert WJ, Grundeken MJ, van Brussel PM, Stroobants AK, van Straalen JP, Fischer JC, Koch KT, Henriques JPS, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, de Winter RJ. Admission lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is not associated with long-term clinical outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96251. [PMID: 24788873 PMCID: PMC4006846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity is a biomarker predicting cardiovascular diseases in a real-world. However, the prognostic value in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on long-term clinical outcomes is unknown. Methods Lp-PLA2 activity was measured in samples obtained prior to pPCI from consecutive STEMI patients in a high-volume intervention center from 2005 until 2007. Five years all-cause mortality was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among tertiles of Lp-PLA2 activity during complete follow-up and with a landmark at 30 days. In a subpopulation clinical endpoints were assessed at three years. The prognostic value of Lp-PLA2, in addition to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction or multimarker risk score, was assessed in multivariable Cox regression. Results The cohort (n = 987) was divided into tertiles (low <144, intermediate 144–179, and high >179 nmol/min/mL). Among the tertiles differences in baseline characteristics associated with long-term mortality were observed. However, no significant differences in five years mortality in association with Lp-PLA2 activity levels were found; intermediate versus low Lp-PLA2 (HR 0.97; CI 95% 0.68–1.40; p = 0.88) or high versus low Lp-PLA2 (HR 0.75; CI 95% 0.51–1.11; p = 0.15). Both in a landmark analysis and after adjustments for the established risk scores and selection of cases with biomarkers obtained, non-significant differences among the tertiles were observed. In the subpopulation no significant differences in clinical endpoints were observed among the tertiles. Conclusion Lp-PLA2 activity levels at admission prior to pPCI in STEMI patients are not associated with the incidence of short and/or long-term clinical endpoints. Lp-PLA2 as an independent and clinically useful biomarker in the risk stratification of STEMI patients still remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Woudstra
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Damman
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichert J. Kuijt
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. Kikkert
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maik J. Grundeken
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Brussel
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An K. Stroobants
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. van Straalen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C. Fischer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T. Koch
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José P. S. Henriques
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Piek
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G. P. Tijssen
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. de Winter
- Heart Center, Academic Medical Center – University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Kikkert WJ, van Geloven N, van der Laan MH, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, Peters RJ, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. The prognostic value of bleeding academic research consortium (BARC)-defined bleeding complications in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a comparison with the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction), GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries), and ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) bleeding classifications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:1866-75. [PMID: 24657697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present analysis was to compare 1-year mortality prediction of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC)-defined bleeding complications with existing bleeding definitions in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to investigate the prognostic value of the individual data elements of the bleeding classifications for 1-year mortality. BACKGROUND BARC recently proposed a novel standardized bleeding definition. METHODS The in-hospital occurrence of bleeding defined according to the BARC, TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction), GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries), and ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) bleeding classifications was assessed in 2,002 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention between January 1, 2003, and July 31, 2008. RESULTS BARC types 2, 3, 4, and 5 bleeding occurred in 4.4%, 14.2%, 1.4%, and 0.3% of patients, respectively. By multivariable analysis, GUSTO- and ISTH-defined bleeding was not significantly associated with 1-year mortality, whereas TIMI major and BARC type 3b or 3c bleeding conferred a 2-fold higher risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratios [HRs]: 2.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32 to 3.01] and 1.84 [95% CI: 1.23 to 2.77], respectively). Data elements most strongly associated with mortality were a hemoglobin decrease ≥5 g/dl (HR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.26 to 2.98]), the use of vasoactive agents for bleeding (HR: 2.01 [95% CI: 0.91 to 4.44]), cardiac tamponade (HR: 2.38 [95% CI: 0.56 to 10.1]), and intracranial hemorrhage (HRs for 1-year mortality were not computable because there was only 1 patient with intracranial bleeding). CONCLUSIONS Both the BARC and TIMI bleeding classification identified STEMI patients at risk of 1-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nan van Geloven
- Clinical Research Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet H van der Laan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron J Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kikkert WJ, Hoebers LP, Damman P, Lieve KVV, Claessen BEPM, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Tijssen JGP, Henriques JPS. Recurrent myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:229-35. [PMID: 24188893 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The determinants and prognostic value of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in a contemporary cohort of ST-segment elevation MI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and stenting are currently unknown. We investigated the predictors and prognostic impact of recurrent MI on subsequent clinical outcome in 1,700 ST-segment elevation MI patients treated with PPCI and stenting between January 1, 2003, and July 31, 2008. Two hundred forty patients had a recurrent MI during a median follow-up of 4 years and 7 months (Kaplan Meier estimate 21.2%). By multivariable analysis, recurrent MI was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiac mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 6.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.24 to 8.72), noncardiac mortality (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.69), stroke (HR 3.68, 95% CI 2.02 to 6.72), and Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries criteria severe or moderate bleeding (HR 3.17, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.60). Early recurrent MI (within 1 day of the initial PPCI) was associated with higher unadjusted cardiac mortality rates (64.4%) compared with recurrent MIs occurring ≥1 day after PPCI. However, after multivariable adjustment, late recurrent MI (occurring >1 year after PPCI) was associated with the highest risk of subsequent cardiac mortality (HR 7.98, 95% CI 5.05 to 12.6). The risk of cardiac death was irrespective of the presence of persistent ST-segment elevation during the recurrent MI. In conclusion, recurrent MI after PPCI remains a relatively common complication in contemporary practice and confers a significantly increased risk of death, stroke, and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Kikkert
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes P Hoebers
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Damman
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krystien V V Lieve
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bimmer E P M Claessen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije M Vis
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel T Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G P Tijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose P S Henriques
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kikkert WJ, Zwinderman AH, Vis MM, Baan J, Koch KT, Peters RJ, de Winter RJ, Piek JJ, Tijssen JG, Henriques JP. Timing of Mortality After Severe Bleeding and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6:391-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.113.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J. Kikkert
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Aeilko H. Zwinderman
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Marije M. Vis
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Jan Baan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Karel T. Koch
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Ron J. Peters
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Robbert J. de Winter
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Jan J. Piek
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - Jan G.P. Tijssen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
| | - José P.S. Henriques
- From the Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.K., M.M.V., J.B., K.T.K., R.J.P., R.J.d.W., J.J.P., J.G.P.T., J.P.S.H.); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.H.Z.)
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