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Pacheco PAF, Diogo RT, Magalhães BQ, Faria RX. Plant natural products as source of new P2 receptors ligands. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Ceddia RP, Downey JD, Morrison RD, Kraemer MP, Davis SE, Wu J, Lindsley CW, Yin H, Daniels JS, Breyer RM. The effect of the EP3 antagonist DG-041 on male mice with diet-induced obesity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106353. [PMID: 31276827 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP3 receptor has a multifaceted role in metabolism. Drugs targeting EP3 have been proposed as therapeutics for diabetes; however, studies utilizing global EP3 knockout mice suggest that EP3 blockade increases obesity and insulin resistance. The present studies attempt to determine the effect of acute EP3 antagonist treatment on the diabetic phenotype. METHODS DG-041 was confirmed to be a high affinity antagonist at the mouse EP3 receptor by competition radioligand binding and by blockade of EP3-mediated responses. DG-041 pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the most efficacious route of administration. Male C57BL/6 × BALB/c (CB6F1) mice were fed diets containing 10%, 45%, or 60% calories from fat to induce obesity. Changes to the metabolic phenotype in these mice were evaluated after one week treatment with DG-041. RESULTS Subcutaneous injections of DG-041 at 20 mg/kg blocked the sulprostone-evoked rise in mean arterial pressure confirming the efficacy of this administration regime. Seven day treatment with DG-041 had minimal effect on body composition or glycemic control. DG-041 administration caused a reduction in skeletal muscle triglyceride content while showing a trend toward increased hepatic triglycerides. CONCLUSION Short term EP3 administration of DG-041 produced effective blockade of the EP3 receptor and decreased skeletal muscle triglyceride content but had no significant effects on the diabetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ceddia
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason D Downey
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria P Kraemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah E Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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3
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Knowles RB, Warner TD. Anti-platelet drugs and their necessary interaction with endothelial mediators and platelet cyclic nucleotides for therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 193:83-90. [PMID: 30081048 PMCID: PMC6325790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For many millions of patients at secondary risk of coronary thrombosis pharmaceutical protection is supplied by dual anti-platelet therapy. Despite substantial therapeutic developments over the last decade recurrent thrombotic events occur, highlighting the need for further optimisation of therapies. Importantly, but often ignored, anti-platelet drugs interact with cyclic nucleotide systems in platelets and these are the same systems that mediate key endogenous pathways of platelet regulation, notably those dependent upon the vascular endothelium. The aim of this review is to highlight interactions between the anti-platelet drugs, aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists and endogenous pathways of platelet regulation at the level of cyclic nucleotides. These considerations are key to concepts such as anti-platelet drug resistance and individualized anti-platelet therapy which cannot be understood by study of platelets in isolation from the circulatory environment. We also explore novel and emerging therapies that focus on preserving haemostasis and how the concepts outlined in this review could be exploited therapeutically to improve anti-thrombotic efficacy whilst reducing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Knowles
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Warner
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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4
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Bruno A, Dovizio M, Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Antithrombotic Agents and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080253. [PMID: 30065215 PMCID: PMC6115803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation is the first response to tissue damage and, if unrestrained, may promote chronic inflammation-related cancer, mainly through the release of soluble factors and vesicles that are rich in genetic materials and proteins. Platelets also sustain cancer cell invasion and metastasis formation by fostering the development of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, cancer cell survival in the bloodstream and arrest/extravasation at the endothelium. Furthermore, platelets contribute to tumor escape from immune elimination. These findings provide the rationale for the use of antithrombotic agents in the prevention of cancer development and the reduction of metastatic spread and mortality. Among them, low-dose aspirin has been extensively evaluated in both preclinical and clinical studies. The lines of evidence have been considered appropriate to recommend the use of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer by the USA. Preventive Services Task Force. However, two questions are still open: (i) the efficacy of aspirin as an anticancer agent shared by other antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel; (ii) the beneficial effect of aspirin improved at higher doses or by the co-administration of clopidogrel. This review discusses the latest updates regarding the mechanisms by which platelets promote cancer and the efficacy of antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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5
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Guarracino DA, Oldfield A, Gentile K, Martin S, Nguyen D, Barreto G, Kouba C. Head-to-Tail Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of the Interaction between Human von Willebrand Factor and Collagen. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1985-1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Guarracino
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Alexis Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Kayla Gentile
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Sara Martin
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Dylan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Gianna Barreto
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
| | - Christopher Kouba
- Department of Chemistry; The College of New Jersey; 2000 Pennington Road Ewing NJ 08628 USA
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6
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Degen H, Borst O, Ziegler M, Mojica Munoz AK, Jamasbi J, Walker B, Göbel S, Fassbender J, Adler K, Brandl R, Münch G, Lorenz R, Siess W, Gawaz M, Ungerer M. ADPase CD39 Fused to Glycoprotein VI-Fc Boosts Local Antithrombotic Effects at Vascular Lesions. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.005991. [PMID: 28751543 PMCID: PMC5586441 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) is the essential platelet collagen receptor in atherothrombosis. Dimeric GPVI-Fc (Revacept) binds to GPVI binding sites on plaque collagen. As expected, it did not increase bleeding in clinical studies. GPVI-Fc is a potent inhibitor of atherosclerotic plaque-induced platelet aggregation at high shear flow, but its inhibition at low shear flow is limited. We sought to increase the platelet inhibitory potential by fusing GPVI-Fc to the ectonucleotidase CD39 (fusion protein GPVI-CD39), which inhibits local ADP accumulation at vascular plaques, and thus to create a lesion-directed dual antiplatelet therapy that is expected to lack systemic bleeding risks. METHODS AND RESULTS GPVI-CD39 effectively stimulated local ADP degradation and, compared with GPVI-Fc alone, led to significantly increased inhibition of ADP-, collagen-, and human plaque-induced platelet aggregation in Multiplate aggregometry and plaque-induced platelet thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions. GPVI-CD39 did not increase bleeding time in an in vitro assay simulating primary hemostasis. In a mouse model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis, GPVI-CD39 effectively delayed vascular thrombosis but did not increase tail bleeding time in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GPVI-CD39 is a novel approach to increase local antithrombotic activity at sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture or injury. It enhances GPVI-Fc-mediated platelet inhibition and presents a potentially effective and safe molecule for the treatment of acute atherothrombotic events, with a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medical Clinic III, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Janina Jamasbi
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Brandl
- St. Mary's Square Institute for Vascular Surgery and Phlebology, Munich, Germany
| | - Götz Münch
- advanceCOR - Procorde, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lorenz
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- IPEK - Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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7
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Stability assessment of a new antithrombotic small peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp-Trp-Arg (RGDWR), and its derivative. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1183-1190. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Dovizio M, Sacco A, Patrignani P. Curbing tumorigenesis and malignant progression through the pharmacological control of the wound healing process. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 89:1-11. [PMID: 28089842 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of cancer development and its progression is an urgent unmet medical need. Novel knowledge on the biology of cancer has evidenced that genetic changes occurring within cancer cells contribute, but are not sufficient, for tumor promotion and progression. The results of clinical studies and experimental animal models have suggested pursuing new avenues for the prevention of cancer development in the early stages, by using drugs that modulate platelet responses and those interfering with the synthesis and action of the mediators of inflammation. In fact, malignant tumors often develop at sites of chronic injury associated with platelet activation and chronic inflammation. In this review, we cover the evidence supporting this hypothesis and the rationale for the pharmacological treatment with antiplatelet agents, including low-dose aspirin, and antiinflammatory drugs to curb tumorigenesis and malignant progression. The evidence for a chemopreventive effect of low-dose aspirin against colorectal cancer (CRC) has been recently found appropriate by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which recommends the use of the drug for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Dovizio
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Sacco
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Section of Cardiovascular and Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; CeSI-MeT (Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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9
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Abstract
Whilst significant effort has been focused on development of tools and approaches to clinically modulate activation processes that consume platelets, the platelet receptors that initiate activation processes remain untargeted. The modulation of receptor levels is also linked to underlying platelet aging processes which influence normal platelet lifespan and also the functionality and survival of stored platelets that are used in transfusion. In this review, we will focus on platelet adhesion receptors initiating thrombus formation, and discuss how regulation of levels of these receptors impact platelet function and platelet survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Andrews
- a Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- b Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research , Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
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10
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Combined administration of the GPVI-Fc fusion protein Revacept with low-dose thrombolysis in the treatment of stroke. Heart Int 2016; 11:e10-e16. [PMID: 27924212 PMCID: PMC5072291 DOI: 10.5301/heartint.5000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) remains the only approved medication for acute ischemic stroke, but incurs significant bleeding risks. Therefore, approaches to combine lower doses of thrombolytic therapy with other effective drugs aim at improving efficacy and reducing bleeding rates. We examined the safety and therapeutic effects of various dosings of rtPA, either alone or combined with glycoprotein VI-Fc fusion protein (GPVI-Fc, Revacept) on experimental stroke in mice. Methods and results The effect of filament-induced intracerebral thrombus formation and embolization was investigated after a one-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. In accordance with previous studies, treatment with 10 mg/kg rtPA significantly improved functional outcome, cerebral infarct size and edema, but also resulted in markedly increased intracranial bleeding volumes. In contrast, low doses of rtPA (0.1 or 0.35 mg/kg body weight) did not change outcome parameters. However, addition of 1 mg/kg Revacept to 0.35 mg/kg rtPA led to improved reperfusion compared to rtPA alone. Moreover, these combined treatments resulted in improved grip strength, compared to the respective dose of rtPA alone. Infarct-surrounding edema improved after combined treatments, but not after respective single rtPA dosings. Intracranial bleeding volumes were below controls after all low-dose rtPA therapies, given either alone or combined with Revacept. Conclusions In contrast to using the equally effective full dose of rtPA, intracranial bleeding was not increased by low-dose rtPA combined with Revacept. Therefore, addition of Revacept to low-dose rtPA does not incur safety risks, but improves efficacy of treatment.
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11
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Lee ECY, Futatsugi K, Arcari JT, Bahnck K, Coffey SB, Derksen DR, Kalgutkar AS, Loria PM, Sharma R. Optimization of amide-based EP3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2670-5. [PMID: 27107947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 3 (EP3) antagonism may treat a variety of symptoms from inflammation to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Previously, most EP3 antagonists were large acidic ligands that mimic the substrate, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This manuscript describes the optimization of a neutral small molecule amide series with improved lipophilic efficiency (LipE) also known as lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) ((a) Nat. Rev. Drug Disc.2007, 6, 881; (b) Annu. Rep. Med. Chem.2010, 45, 380).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C Y Lee
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Joel T Arcari
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Bahnck
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Steven B Coffey
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - David R Derksen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Paula M Loria
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
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12
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Oury C, Rahmouni S, Lancellotti P. [Antiplatelet drugs: what's new?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:720-2. [PMID: 26340827 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Oury
- GIGA-sciences cardiovasculaires, département de cardiologie, Université de Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 1, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Unité d'immunologie et maladies infectieuses, GIGA-transduction du signal, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA-sciences cardiovasculaires, département de cardiologie, Université de Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 1, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgique - GVM Care and Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Lugo (RA), Italie
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13
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Tripeptide SQL Inhibits Platelet Aggregation and Thrombus Formation by Affecting PI3K/Akt Signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:254-60. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Tautz L, Senis YA, Oury C, Rahmouni S. Perspective: Tyrosine phosphatases as novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2786-97. [PMID: 25921264 PMCID: PMC4451376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is the primary cause of most cases of myocardial infarction and stroke, the leading causes of death in the developed world. Platelets, highly specialized cells of the circulatory system, are key contributors to thrombotic events. Antiplatelet drugs, which prevent platelets from aggregating, have been very effective in reducing the mortality and morbidity of these conditions. However, approved antiplatelet therapies have adverse side effects, most notably the increased risk of bleeding. Moreover, there remains a considerable incidence of arterial thrombosis in a subset of patients receiving currently available drugs. Thus, there is a pressing medical need for novel antiplatelet agents with a more favorable safety profile and less patient resistance. The discovery of novel antiplatelet targets is the matter of intense ongoing research. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of targeting key signaling molecules, including kinases and phosphatases, to prevent platelet activation and aggregation. Here, we offer perspectives to targeting members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, a major class of enzymes in signal transduction. We give an overview of previously identified PTPs in platelet signaling, and discuss their potential as antiplatelet drug targets. We also introduce VHR (DUSP3), a PTP that we recently identified as a major player in platelet biology and thrombosis. We review our data on genetic deletion as well as pharmacological inhibition of VHR, providing proof-of-principle for a novel and potentially safer VHR-based antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Tautz
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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15
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Metharom P, Berndt MC, Baker RI, Andrews RK. Current state and novel approaches of antiplatelet therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1327-38. [PMID: 25838432 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An unresolved problem with clinical use of antiplatelet therapy is that a significant number of individuals either still get thrombosis or run the risk of life-threatening bleeding. Antiplatelet drugs are widely used clinically, either chronically for people at risk of athero/thrombotic disease or to prevent thrombus formation during surgery. However, a subpopulation may be resistant to standard doses, while the platelet targets of these drugs are also critical for the normal hemostatic function of platelets. In this review, we will briefly examine current antiplatelet therapy and existing targets while focusing on new potential approaches for antiplatelet therapy and improved monitoring of effects on platelet reactivity in individuals, ultimately to improve antithrombosis with minimal bleeding. Primary platelet adhesion-signaling receptors, glycoprotein (GP)Ib-IX-V and GPVI, that bind von Willebrand factor/collagen and other prothrombotic factors are not targeted by drugs in clinical use, but they are of particular interest because of their key role in thrombus formation at pathological shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Metharom
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (P.M., M.C.B); Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.I.B.); and Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R.K.A.)
| | - Michael C Berndt
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (P.M., M.C.B); Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.I.B.); and Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R.K.A.).
| | - Ross I Baker
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (P.M., M.C.B); Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.I.B.); and Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R.K.A.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (P.M., M.C.B); Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (R.I.B.); and Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (R.K.A.)
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16
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Quatromoni N, Tuteja S, Kolansky DM, Matthai WH, Giri J. Novel Anti-platelet Agents in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Mechanisms of Action and Opportunities to Tailor Therapy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:501. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-015-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Abstract
While platelet activation is essential to maintain blood vessel patency and minimize loss of blood upon injury, untimely or excessive activity can lead to unwanted platelet activation and aggregation. Resultant thrombosis has the potential to block blood vessels, causing myocardial infarction or stroke. To tackle this major cause of mortality, clinical therapies that target platelet responsiveness (antiplatelet therapy) can successfully reduce cardiovascular events, especially in people at higher risk; however, all current antiplatelet therapies carry an increased probability of bleeding. This review will evaluate new and emerging targets for antithrombotics, focusing particularly on platelet glycoprotein VI, as blockade or depletion of this platelet-specific receptor conveys benefits in experimental models of thrombosis and thromboinflammation without causing major bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane F Arthur
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Langer HF, Weber C, Gawaz M. The platelet--thrombosis and beyond. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:857-8. [PMID: 24108387 DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H F Langer
- Harald F. Langer, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic of Tuebingen, Ottfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany, E-mail:
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