1
|
Guglielmini G, Falcinelli E, Piselli E, Mezzasoma AM, Tondi F, Alfonsi L, De Luca C, Fino V, Favilli A, Parrettini S, Minuz P, Torlone E, Gresele P, Gerli S. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with in vivo platelet activation and platelet hyperreactivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00505-2. [PMID: 38582292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with obstetrical and long-term cardiovascular complications. Although platelet hyperresponsiveness in type-2 diabetes mellitus has been well characterized and has been shown to play a crucial role in cardiovascular complications, this aspect has been little studied in gestational diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate platelet reactivity, in vivo platelet activation, and endothelial function in gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, case-control study of 23 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy pregnant women who were studied at 26 to 28 and 34 to 36 weeks of gestation and at 8 weeks postpartum. Platelet reactivity and in vivo platelet activation, including light transmission aggregometry, PFA-100, platelet activation antigen expression, platelet adhesion under flow, platelet nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, and endothelial dysfunction markers, were assessed. RESULTS The study of platelet function showed a condition of platelet hyperreactivity in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus when compared with healthy pregnant women at enrollment, which was further enhanced at the end of pregnancy and tended to decrease 2 months after delivery, although it still remained higher in gestational diabetes mellitus. In vivo platelet activation was also evident in gestational diabetes mellitus, especially at the end of pregnancy, in part persisting up to 8 weeks after delivery. Finally, women with gestational diabetes mellitus showed defective platelet nitric oxide production and endothelial dysfunction when compared with healthy pregnancies. CONCLUSION Our data showed that gestational diabetes mellitus generates a condition of platelet hyperreactivity that in part persists up to 2 months after delivery. Impaired platelet sensitivity to nitric oxide and reduced platelet and endothelial nitric oxide production may contribute to the platelet hyperreactivity condition. Platelet hyperreactivity may play a role in the long-term cardiovascular complications of gestational diabetes mellitus women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guglielmini
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Piselli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mezzasoma
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tondi
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Alfonsi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina De Luca
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Fino
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Parrettini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Unit of General Medicine for the Study and Treatment of Hypertensive Disease, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Torlone
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandro Gerli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bacci M, Cancellara A, Ciceri R, Romualdi E, Pessi V, Tumminello F, Fantuzzi M, Donadini MP, Lodigiani C, Della Bella S, Calcaterra F, Mavilio D. Development of Personalized Thrombogenesis and Thrombin Generation Assays to Assess Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1669. [PMID: 37371764 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is crucial to identify the pathogenetic mechanism(s) and provide indications for patient management in cardiovascular diseases. It is currently hindered by the limited availability of patient-specific primary endothelial cells (ECs). Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent an optimal non-invasive tool to overcome this issue. Therefore, we investigated the use of ECFCs as a substrate in thrombogenesis and thrombin generation assay (TGA) to assess ED. Both assays were set up on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and then tested on ECFCs obtained from healthy donors. To prove the ability of the assays to detect endothelial activation, ECs stimulated with TNFα were compared with unstimulated ECs. EC activation was confirmed by the upregulation of VCAM-1 and Tissue Factor expression. Both assays discriminated between unstimulated and activated HUVECs and ECFCs, as significantly higher platelet deposition and fibrin formation in thrombogenesis assay, and thrombin generation in TGA, were observed when TNFα-activated ECs were used as a substrate. The amount of fibrin and thrombin measured in the two assays were directly correlated. Our results support the combined use of a thrombogenesis assay and TGA performed on patient-derived ECFCs to provide a personalized global assessment of ED relevant to the patient's hemostatic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bacci
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Assunta Cancellara
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciceri
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Erica Romualdi
- Centro Trombosi ed Emostasi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- UO Medicina 2, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Pessi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Dell'Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Fabio Tumminello
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Martina Fantuzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Dell'Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Paolo Donadini
- Centro Trombosi ed Emostasi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Dell'Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Corrado Lodigiani
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Falcinelli E, De Paolis M, Boschetti E, Gresele P. Release of MMP-2 in the circulation of patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Role of platelets. Thromb Res 2022; 216:84-89. [PMID: 35759818 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of atherosclerotic tissue contribute to plaque rupture triggering acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Several MMPs, including MMP-2, are also contained in platelets and released upon activation. An increase in circulating levels of MMP-2 has been reported in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but its time-course and origin remain unclear. Aims of our study were to assess the time-course of MMP-2 release in blood of stable and unstable coronary artery disease patients undergoing PCI and to unravel the possible contribution of platelets to its release. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were drawn immediately before, 4 and 24 h after PCI from patients with ACS (NSTEMI or STEMI, n = 21) or with stable angina (SA, n = 21). Platelet-poor plasma and washed platelet lysates were prepared and stored for subsequent assay of MMP-2 and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), a platelet-specific protein released upon activation. RESULTS Plasma MMP-2 and β-TG increased significantly 4 h after PCI and returned to baseline at 24 h in ACS patients, while they did not change in SA patients. Platelet content of MMP-2 and β-TG decreased significantly 4 h after PCI in patients with ACS, compatible with intravascular platelet activation and release, while they did not change in patients with SA. CONCLUSIONS PCI triggers the release of MMP-2 in the circulation of ACS patients but not in that of patients with SA. Platelets activated by PCI contribute to the increase of plasma MMP-2 releasing their MMP-2 content. Given that previous mechanicistic studies have shown that MMP-2 may sustain platelet activation and unstabilize downstream-located plaques and in the long term favour restenosis and atherosclerosis progression, these data may encourage the search for therapeutic agents blocking MMP-2 release or activity in ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcella De Paolis
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Enrico Boschetti
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Momi S, Petito E, Sebastiano M. Platelets and Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Bidirectional Interaction with Multiple Pathophysiologic Implications. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:136-145. [PMID: 33860521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1393-8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets contain and release several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a highly conserved protein family with multiple functions in organism defense and repair. Platelet-released MMPs as well as MMPs generated by other cells within the cardiovascular system modulate platelet function in health and disease. In particular, a normal hemostatic platelet response to vessel wall injury may be transformed into pathological thrombus formation by platelet-released and/or by locally generated MMPs. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets play a role not only in hemostasis but also in immune response, inflammation and allergy, atherosclerosis, and cancer development, and MMPs seem to contribute importantly to this role. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may open the way to novel therapeutic approaches to the inhibition of their pathogenic effects and lead to significant advances in the treatment of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Petito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marturano A, Hendrickx ML, Falcinelli E, Sebastiano M, Guglielmini G, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Muyldermans S, Declerck PJ, Gresele P. Development of anti-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) nanobodies as potential therapeutic and diagnostic tools. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Wang X, Xu B, Xiang M, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Shen Y. Advances on fluid shear stress regulating blood-brain barrier. Microvasc Res 2019; 128:103930. [PMID: 31639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of structure and function of blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a central role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Patients with severe cerebrovascular stenosis often undergo cerebrovascular bypass surgery. However, the sharply increased fluid shear stress (FSS) after cerebrovascular bypass disrupts the physiological function of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) at the lesion site, damaging BBB and inducing intracerebral hemorrhage eventually. At present, there are great interests in cerebral vascular flow regulating the structure and function of BBB under physiological and pathological conditions, and most of studies have highlighted the importance of BMECs in BBB. Understanding of how FSS regulating BBB can promote the development of new protective and restorative cerebral vascular interventional therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengya Xiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sub-Cellular Localization of Metalloproteinases in Megakaryocytes. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070080. [PMID: 30037039 PMCID: PMC6071070 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play essential roles as the mediator of matrix degradation and remodeling during organogenesis, wound healing and angiogenesis. Although MMPs were originally identified as matrixin proteases that act in the extracellular matrix, more recent research has identified members of the MMP family in unusual locations within the cells, exerting distinct functions in addition to their established role as extracellular proteases. During thrombopoiesis, megakaryocytes (Mks) sort MMPs to nascent platelets through pseudopodial-like structure known as proplatelets. Previous studies identified gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, as a novel regulator system of Mks and the platelet function. In this work we have exploited a sensitive immunoassay to detect and quantify multiple MMP proteins and their localization, in conditioned medium and sub-cellular fractions of primary human CD34+-derived Mks. We provide evidence that Mks express other MMPs in addition to gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, peculiar isoforms of MMP-9 and MMPs with a novel nuclear compartmentalization.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Ye Y, Wei G, Hu W, Li L, Lu S, Meng Z. Matrix metalloproteinase12 facilitated platelet activation by shedding carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1103-1109. [PMID: 28385529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Platelets express several MMPs that modulate their activation, which in turn regulates thrombosis, but the exact mechanism is unclear. This study evaluated the platelet expression of MMP12 and platelet activation by shedding CEACAM1 mediated by MMP12. Expression of MMP12 was measured by RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and casein zymography in platelet from whole blood by gel filtration over plateletpheresis. The site of CEACAM1 cleavage by MMP12 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, WB and flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, the regulation of platelet aggregation, release and adhesion by MMP12-dependent shedding of platelet CEACAM1 was analyzed. We have observed that human platelets express MMP12. In addition, CEACAM1 as enzymatic substrates of MMP12 have also been found in this study. MMP12 can cleave the CEACAM1 exodomain at several sites and generated several short peptides. Among these fragments, one peptide, WYKG was identified, whose cutting sits were S66/W67 and A83/I84. We also found that MMP12 facilitated type I collagen induced platelet aggregation, adhesion and alpha granule secretion. Similarly, one short peptide, WYKG, facilitated type I collagen induced platelet alpha granule secretion. We conclude that platelet express MMP12 may facilitate platelet activation through shedding of CEACAM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Linhua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Si Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Sebastiano M, Momi S. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Platelet Function. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:133-165. [PMID: 28413027 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets contain and release several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), including MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -14 and TIMP-1, -2, and -4. Although devoid of a nucleus, platelets also synthesize TIMP-2 upon activation. Platelet-released MMPs/TIMPs, as well as MMPs generated by other cells within the cardiovascular system, modulate platelet function in health and disease. In particular, a normal hemostatic platelet response to vessel wall injury may be transformed into pathologic thrombus formation by the release from platelets and/or by the local generation of some MMPs. Moreover, platelets may localize the production of leukocyte-derived MMPs to sites of vascular damage, contributing to atherosclerosis development and complications and to arterial aneurysm formation. Finally, the interaction between platelets and tumor cells is strongly influenced by MMPs/TIMPs. All these mechanisms are emerging as important in atherothrombosis, inflammatory disease, and cancer growth and dissemination. Increasing knowledge of these mechanisms may open the way to novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Sebastiano
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Momi
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel mechanism regulating human platelet activation by MMP-2-mediated PAR1 biased signaling. Blood 2016; 129:883-895. [PMID: 28034890 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets contain and release several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among these, active MMP-2 enhances platelet aggregation by favoring the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K) and contributes to arterial thrombosis. The platelet surface target of MMP-2 and the mechanism through which it primes platelets to respond to subsequent stimuli are still unknown. We show that active MMP-2 enhances platelet activation induced by weak stimuli by cleaving PAR1 at a noncanonical extracellular site different from the thrombin-cleavage site and thus initiates biased receptor signaling, triggering only some of the signaling pathways normally activated by full PAR1 agonism. The novel PAR1-tethered ligand exposed by MMP-2 stimulates PAR1-dependent Gq and G12/13 pathway activation, triggering p38-MAPK phosphorylation, Ca+2 fluxes, and PI3K activation, but not Gi signaling; this is insufficient to cause platelet aggregation, but it is enough to predispose platelets to fully respond to Gi-activating stimuli. Integrin αIIbβ3 is a necessary cofactor for PAR1 cleavage by MMP-2 by binding the MMP-2 hemopexin domain, thus favoring the interaction of the enzyme with PAR1. Our studies unravel a novel mechanism regulating platelet activation that involves the binding of MMP-2 to integrin αIIbβ3 and the subsequent cleavage of PAR1 by active MMP-2 at a noncanonical site, exposing a previously undescribed tethered ligand that triggers biased G-protein agonism and thus predisposes platelets to full activation by other stimuli. These results identify the MMP-2-αIIbβ3-PAR1 interaction as a potential target for the prevention of arterial thrombosis.
Collapse
|