Le syndrome des jambes sans repos : fréquence et facteurs de risque chez l’hémodialysé

Evaluation of the relationship between restless legs syndrome, mental status, and sleep disorders among Moroccan women during their third trimester of pregnancy

Background

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a motor disorder encountered during pregnancy and leads to psychological and sleep impairments. The latter seems to be non-restorative and its occurrence alters the quality of life of pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of RLS and its relationship with both anxio-depressive symptoms and sleep disorders among a population of Moroccan pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of pregnant women in their third trimester (n=178) admitted to two health facilities in the city of Marrakech: Youssef Ibn Tachafine and Oasis. The face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data including demographic and clinical characteristics, the four diagnostic criteria of RLS, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients were divided into two groups RLS+ (women with RLS) and RLS- (women without RLS).

Results

The prevalence of RLS was 59.5%; this syndrome was more common in the ninth month (74.15%) compared with the seventh and eighth months. Sleep impairment, including sleep efficiency, was significantly higher in RLS+ than RLS- (P-value 0.05). Anxiety but not depression is significantly increased in RLS+ compared to RLS- (48.11% versus 38.8%, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences between RLS+ and RLS- in terms of socio-demographic and other clinical characteristics.

Conclusion

RLS is encountered during the prenatal period, with a higher prevalence in the last trimester. During this stage of pregnancy, women suffering from RLS were vulnerable to anxiety and sleep disorders. Prevention and early diagnosis of RLS could be a proactive healthcare management leading to better health outcomes and better conditions of pregnancy, which precedes childbirth.

Alteraciones del sueño más frecuentes en las personas en diálisis

Introducción: La persona con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica presenta alteraciones en diferentes dimensiones de su vida, entre ellos el sueño, considerado una de las necesidades biológicas más importantes del organismo. Objetivo: Conocer las principales alteraciones del sueño en pacientes con ERC en tratamiento dialítico, los factores que influyen en su aparición y cuidados de enfermería. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios primarios y revisiones sistemáticas, tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, sobre alteraciones del sueño en pacientes adultos con ERC en terapia dialítica. Se consultaron las bases de datos Medline, Scielo y Epistemonikos. Resultados: La prevalencia de trastornos del sueño es alta en personas con enfermedad renal crónica que se someten a diálisis, las principales son síndrome de piernas inquietas y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. En el primero, el principal factor causal es el déficit de hierro y disfunción de dopamina, mientras que en el segundo son la sobrecarga de volumen y estrechez de vías respiratorias. El manejo responde a medidas farmacológicas como administración de hierro, agentes dopaminérgicos y uso de CPAP, además de medidas no farmacológicas que son transversales a ambos, como higiene del sueño. Conclusión: Las alteraciones del sueño en los pacientes en diálisis claramente repercuten en su calidad de vida, por lo que es un aspecto en que los profesionales de salud debiesen adquirir conocimientos y otorgar cuidados de enfermería específicos para prevenir, atenuar síntomas y evitar complicaciones.