[Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: epidemiological and prognostic aspects]

Impact of Type 1 Diabetes on Renal Parameters in Children Aged One to 17 at the Mother and Child University Hospital in N'Djamena, Chad

Background Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin or its misuse. It is a major public health problem worldwide. While type 2 diabetes generally affects people of advanced age, type 1 diabetes generally occurs in people of younger ages and its prevalence is increasingly high among children in Chad. When it is poorly managed, it can be accompanied by several functional complications including renal failure. In order to have an overview of the incidence of this complication in children suffering from type 1 diabetes and to contribute to its better follow-up, a study was conducted at the Mother and Child University Hospital in N'Djamena whose objective was to assess the impact of type 1 diabetes on renal parameters in children aged one to 17 years. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023 at the Mother and Child University Hospital Center in N'Djamena on 61 children with type 1 diabetes aged one to 17 years. A questionnaire sheet was submitted to the parents of the participants and the data from this sheet were analyzed while biochemical parameters were evaluated using standard commercial kit methods, the IONIX SFRI automated ion analyzer, HemoCue HbA1c501® hemoglobinometer, and spectrophotometer (BioSystems). Results Participants were ranked according to glycemic control and duration of diabetes discovery. 73.61% of the children showed alterations in renal parameters, some of which increased and others decreased; 86.9% had poor glycemic control, which is associated with alterations in renal parameters in study participants. Multiple logistic regression showed hypercreatinemia, hyperuremia, hyperglycemia, hyperhemoglobinemia, hyperchloremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperketonuria, hyperproteinuria, and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Conclusion It appears from this study that type 1 diabetes through glycemic control and the duration of discovery has an increasing impact on certain renal parameters and a decrease in others, leading to impaired renal function.