[Pituitary sarcoidosis mimicking pituitary adenoma: case report and literature review]

Multidisciplinary management of pituitary macroadenoma

BACKGROUND

Pituitary macroadenomas represent a significant challenge in clinical management due to their variable presentations and complex treatment considerations. This manuscript explores the multidisciplinary approach to understanding and managing pituitary macroadenomas, integrating neurosurgery, endocrinology, radiology, and pathology perspectives.

AIM

To summarize the literature on pituitary macroadenoma and outline the possible multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation of individuals with pituitary adenomas, to add to already preexisting knowledge, in managing these cases enhancing better ocular and systemic outcomes.

METHODS

A search was conducted on an online publication database (PubMed) using the term “pituitary adenoma” including all results published over twenty years (2004-2024). Results were sorted for relevance, language, and completeness.

RESULTS

A total of 176 records were returned. The guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 statement were followed in this study. A total of 23 records were excluded due to being out of scope while a further 13 records were duplicates. Another 17 records were not available as full-length articles and were also excluded. The references of each included record was further searched for relevant publications. A total of 141 records were therefore used in this minireview.

CONCLUSION

Pituitary macroadenomas pose substantial clinical challenges due to their size and potential for significant hormonal and neurological impact, modern therapeutic strategies offer effective management options. Early detection and comprehensive treatment are essential for optimizing patient outcomes and maintaining quality of life. Continued research and advancements in medical technology are likely to further enhance the management and prognosis of this condition in the future

Sarcoidosis: Various Presentations, Coexisting Diseases and Malignancies

Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease with a characteristic non-caseating granuloma formation. It affects women more than men. The lung is the most commonly affected organ, however, extrapulmonary involvement is also seen. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ or tissue and can also involve multiple organs simultaneously. As a disease, it shares clinical symptoms with a variety of autoimmune, non-autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Not only it mimics clinically, but it also coexists with these diseases, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. During this literature review, we obtained data from the previously published PubMed articles within the last five years and reviewed the possible etiological association and clinical coexistence between sarcoidosis and other diseases/malignancies. We aimed to determine the common clinical manifestations, various complex presentations of sarcoidosis and pathophysiological considerations for the association, and to emphasize the link with other diseases, particularly thyroid disorders/malignancies. Physicians should be aware of these associated diseases and should always make a clinical suspicion when confronting a sarcoidosis patient. Thus, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for these associated conditions ought to be done in sarcoidosis patients to avoid any delay in the curative treatment for these coexisting diseases and to prevent substandard outcomes.