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Mitchell EM, Adejumo OA, Abdur-Razzaq H, Ogbudebe C, Gidado M. The Role of Trust as a Driver of Private-Provider Participation in Disease Surveillance: Cross-Sectional Survey From Nigeria. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52191. [PMID: 38506095 PMCID: PMC11082728 DOI: 10.2196/52191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the importance of valid, real-time knowledge of infectious disease risk has renewed scrutiny into private providers' intentions, motives, and obstacles to comply with an Integrated Disease Surveillance Response (IDSR) framework. Appreciation of how private providers' attitudes shape their tuberculosis (TB) notification behaviors can yield lessons for the surveillance of emerging pathogens, antibiotic stewardship, and other crucial public health functions. Reciprocal trust among actors and institutions is an understudied part of the "software" of surveillance. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the self-reported knowledge, motivation, barriers, and TB case notification behavior of private health care providers to public health authorities in Lagos, Nigeria. We measured the concordance between self-reported notification, TB cases found in facility records, and actual notifications received. METHODS A representative, stratified sample of 278 private health care workers was surveyed on TB notification attitudes, behavior, and perceptions of public health authorities using validated scales. Record reviews were conducted to identify the TB treatment provided and facility case counts were abstracted from the records. Self-reports were triangulated against actual notification behavior for 2016. The complex health system framework was used to identify potential predictors of notification behavior. RESULTS Noncompliance with the legal obligations to notify infectious diseases was not attributable to a lack of knowledge. Private providers who were uncomfortable notifying TB cases via the IDSR system scored lower on the perceived benevolence subscale of trust. Health care workers who affirmed "always" notifying via IDSR monthly reported higher median trust in the state's public disease control capacity. Although self-reported notification behavior was predicted by age, gender, and positive interaction with public health bodies, the self-report numbers did not tally with actual TB notifications. CONCLUSIONS Providers perceived both risks and benefits to recording and reporting TB cases. To improve private providers' public health behaviors, policy makers need to transcend instrumental and transactional approaches to surveillance to include building trust in public health, simplifying the task, and enhancing the link to improved health. Renewed attention to the "software" of health systems (eg, norms, values, and relationships) is vital to address pandemic threats. Surveys with private providers may overestimate their actual participation in public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mh Mitchell
- Mycobacterial Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olusola Adedeji Adejumo
- Mainland Hospital, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hussein Abdur-Razzaq
- Health Research Unit, Directorate of Planning, Research, and Statistics, Lagos Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria
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Odubela O, Odunukwe N, Peer N, Musa AZ, Salako BL, Kengne AP. Prevalence of hypertension among antiretroviral therapy naïve patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Clin Hypertens 2023; 29:29. [PMID: 37908015 PMCID: PMC10619289 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-023-00253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gains from successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) roll-out could be compromised by the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases among people living with HIV (PLWH). Hypertension remains a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of hypertension among ART-naïve PLWH in a large ART clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study uses data collected from adult ART-naïve PLWH enrolled at an ART clinic over ten years. Participants aged 18 years and older, not pregnant, and not accessing care for post-exposure prophylaxis were included in the study. Hypertension was defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the factors associated with hypertension. RESULTS Among the 10 426 participants included in the study, the majority were females (66%) and aged 25-49 years (84%). The crude prevalence of hypertension was 16.8% (95%CI 16.4 - 17.2) while the age and sex standardised prevalence rate was 21.9% (95%CI 20.7 - 23.2), with males (25.8%, 95%CI 23.5 - 28.0) having a higher burden compared with females (18.3%, 95%CI 17.0 - 19.6). Increasing age, male gender, overweight or obesity, co-morbid diabetes mellitus or renal disease, and CD4 count ≥ 201 cells/μL were significantly associated with prevalent hypertension. CONCLUSION There was a substantial burden of hypertension among ART-naïve PLWH, which was associated with the traditional risk factors of the condition. This highlights the need to integrate screening and care of hypertension into routine HIV management for optimal care of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Odubela
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Nkiruka Odunukwe
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adesola Zaidat Musa
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Lawal Salako
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ali T, Singh U, Ohikhuai C, Panwal T, Adetiba T, Agbaje A, Olusola Faleye B, Shyam Klinton J, Oga-Omenka C, Tseja-Akinrin A, Heitkamp P. Partnering with the private laboratories to strengthen TB diagnostics in Nigeria. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2023; 31:100369. [PMID: 37122613 PMCID: PMC10130621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being curable and preventable, tuberculosis (TB) affected 10 million people worldwide in 2020. In the seven highest TB burden countries, private providers account for more than two-thirds of initial care seeking. Closing gaps and finding the "missing people" with TB requires engagement of the private sector for better diagnostics and treatment. This review explores the efforts of a public-private partnership to enhance TB diagnostics in Nigeria, covering logistics and the distribution of GeneXpert machines and other diagnostic tools. Over three years, the Nigerian "hub and spoke" model led to a 28-fold increase in referrals of people with presumed TB in private diagnostic facilities. Various stakeholders' perspectives are also included, providing insight into opportunities and challenges of working with the private sector in this effort. As countries tackle the setbacks brought by COVID-19 and move towards reaching the End TB targets, partnerships such as these can strengthen the foundations of health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urvashi Singh
- TBPPM Learning Network, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Shyam Klinton
- TBPPM Learning Network, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Center, Montreal, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | | | | | - Petra Heitkamp
- TBPPM Learning Network, Montreal, Canada
- McGill International TB Center, Montreal, Canada
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Danlami MB, Basiru A, Tajjudeen Y, Bazata AY, Gulumbe BH, Mohammed M. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes among pulmonary TB patients attending public hospitals in Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria: a four-year retrospective study. Bull Natl Res Cent 2022; 46:281. [PMID: 36532680 PMCID: PMC9745709 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Nigeria, effective case management and evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes are an integral part of controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The study reviewed the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis and the factors associated with rates of successful and unsuccessful treatment outcomes in the 21 referral hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. METHODS Documented records of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from January 2018 to December 2021 in 21 Local Area Councils in Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria were reviewed. A structured questionnaire collated the socio-demographic and clinical data from the documented records. Descriptive statistics were used to compute and analyse the outcomes of successful and unsuccessful treatment. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association of socio-demographic and clinical data with the unsuccessful treatment outcomes. RESULTS The study reviewed data from 6114 records of TB patients. 1161 (18.9%) started treatment, 963 (82.9%) were males and 198 (17.1%) were females. Of the 1161 patients, 985 (18.2%) had documented treatment outcomes. 932 of 985 (95.1%) had a pulmonary infection. 64 (5.8%) patients with documented treatment outcomes were HIV seropositive. 903 (91.7%) were successfully treated, and 82 (8.3%) failed. Of the patients with failed treatment outcomes, 15 (1.5%) were lost to follow-up, 43 (4.4%) defaulted and 24 (2.4%) died. In the logistic analysis, the odds of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were higher among elderly patients (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.37-2.92), patients with extrapulmonary infections (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.39), and with old cases of pulmonary TB (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.47-7.19) when compared to their groups. CONCLUSIONS The study reported a treatment success rate of 91.7% among TB patients attending public hospitals in Kebbi State. The outcome was higher than the projected success rate of 85% set by the WHO. However, one-fourth of the total patients reviewed were not documented for treatment. Therefore, the need to design an appropriate recruitment strategy to identify and enrol those patients for an effective and successful TB control program in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bashar Danlami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Basiru
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Tajjudeen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Abbas Yusuf Bazata
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Bashar Haruna Gulumbe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, P.M.B. 1157, Kalgo, Nigeria
| | - Musa Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kebbi State College of Health Science and Technology, P.M.B. 9003, Jega, Kebbi State Nigeria
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Balate DA, Manhiça I, Macuacua B, José B, Banze D, Langa JC, Baltazar CS, Sacarlal J, Rossetto EV, Khosa C. Evaluation of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis surveillance system in Maputo City, Mozambique in the period 2017-2018. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:284. [PMID: 35855038 PMCID: PMC9250665 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.284.30611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a public health problem worldwide. In Mozambique, cases of MDR-TB have increased annually. In 2018, 1,206 cases were reported, as compared to 943 cases in 2017. The aim of this study was to assess the surveillance system for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Maputo City. Methods an extract from the national database was considered for a cut-out of the City of Maputo in the period 2017-2018; the study was conducted per the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where the description of the system was carried out, and evaluation of the attributes. Each attribute was evaluated according to the established criteria and parameters. Results the surveillance system is based on the collection of data in health centers. Four hundred and six cases of MDR-TB were notified, of which 56.8% (231/406) were male and 95.9% (386/406) were ≥15 years. The system was complex with 4 levels of information transmission. With regard to flexibility, there was no changing the variables in the database. Acceptability was good. The quality of the data was regular with discrepancy of data of 14.5%. The system was considered stable as there was no system interruption. Timeliness with case notification monthly. The system sensitivity was 72.9%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 2.3% and regarding utility the system has fulfilled its objectives. Conclusion the system was not flexible, the data quality was regular, had moderate sensitivity and low positive predictive value. Continuous assessment of data and scale up the diagnosis for the detection of cases of MDR-TB is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionísia Alfredo Balate
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Maputo, Mozambique,,Corresponding author: Dionísia Alfredo Balate, Field Epidemiology Training Program, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Ivan Manhiça
- National Tuberculosis Control Program, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Benedita José
- National Tuberculosis Control Program, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Denise Banze
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - José Carlos Langa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Celso Khosa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
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Campbell CA, Osaigbovo II, Oladele RO. Triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus species: environmental survey in Lagos, Nigeria and review of the rest of Africa. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211044330. [PMID: 34532039 PMCID: PMC8438939 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211044330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triazole resistance is an emerging problem in the management of human aspergillosis globally and can arise in Aspergillus species which have been exposed to azole fungicides in the environment. We surveyed local government and council development areas in Lagos, Nigeria, to determine the distribution of Aspergillus species in the environment and their susceptibility to locally available triazole antifungal agents. We also reviewed the literature on the subject from the rest of Africa. Methods: A total of 168 soil samples from six locations in Lagos, Nigeria were processed and cultured on Saboraud dextrose agar impregnated with chloramphenicol to isolate Aspergillus species. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole by microbroth dilution according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing reference method. Relevant databases were searched to identify published work pertaining to triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus species in Africa. Results: A total of 117 Aspergillus species were isolated. Aspergillus niger was the most frequently isolated species (42.7%). Other species isolated were Aspergillus flavus, 37 (31.6%), Aspergillus terreus, 20 (17.1%), Aspergillus fumigatus, 5 (4.3%) and Aspergillus nidulans, 5 (4.3%). All isolates were susceptible to itraconazole and voriconazole. The literature review showed documented evidence of triazole-resistant Aspergillus species from East and West Africa. Conclusions: We found no triazole resistance in environmental isolates of Aspergillus in Lagos, Nigeria. Nevertheless, regular surveillance in clinical and environmental isolates is necessary in the light of findings from other African studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Abosede Campbell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Rita Okeoghene Oladele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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