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Blanc-Sylvestre N, Bouchard P, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Pre-Clinical Models in Implant Dentistry: Past, Present, Future. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1538. [PMID: 34829765 PMCID: PMC8615291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research seeks to generate experimental results for translation to clinical settings. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must draw justifiable conclusions based on data from an appropriate model. Animal testing, as a prerequisite to human clinical exposure, is performed in a range of species, from laboratory mice to larger animals (such as dogs or non-human primates). Minipigs appear to be the animal of choice for studying bone surgery around intraoral dental implants. Dog models, well-known in the field of dental implant research, tend now to be used for studies conducted under compromised oral conditions (biofilm). Regarding small animal models, research studies mostly use rodents, with interest in rabbit models declining. Mouse models remain a reference for genetic studies. On the other hand, over the last decade, scientific advances and government guidelines have led to the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of all animal models in dental implant research. In new development strategies, some in vivo experiments are being progressively replaced by in vitro or biomaterial approaches. In this review, we summarize the key information on the animal models currently available for dental implant research and highlight (i) the pros and cons of each type, (ii) new levels of decisional procedures regarding study objectives, and (iii) the outlook for animal research, discussing possible non-animal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanc-Sylvestre
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
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Belleggia F. Exposure management of a titanium-reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene mesh used in a vertical ridge augmentation: a case report with 1-year follow-up. Clin Adv Periodontics 2021. [PMID: 34337897 DOI: 10.1002/cap.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new titanium-reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene mesh (TR-dPTFEM) has recently been introduced for vertical ridge augmentation (VRA). Since primary closure is required, the literature lacks information on its behavior in case of premature exposure. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report about TR-dPTFEM complication management. CASE PRESENTATION A TR-dPTFEM was used for the VRA in the molar region of the upper right maxilla. The defect was filled with a mix of particulate autogenous bone and porcine xenograft in a 1:1 ratio. A collagen membrane covered the hole pattern of the TR-dPTFEM to prevent soft tissue growth within the grafted material during the first weeks. After a 4-month uneventful healing period, a 4-mm exposure occurred without infection. Patient was prescribed 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse three times a day and manual cleansing with gauze soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide, and was recalled for weekly follow-up. One month later, the clinical situation was unchanged and the site was re-entered. After TR-dPTFEM removal, the regenerated tissue appeared to be covered with a thin layer of connective tissue. The favorable bone quality made it possible to obtain the primary stability of two implants. At implant uncovering, a gingival graft augmented the keratinized mucosa width. Two screw-retained crowns were delivered 4 months after implant insertion and the 1-year follow-up showed perfectly maintained hard and soft tissues. CONCLUSION A late TR-dPTFEM exposure, managed under strict hygiene control, did not affect this VRA. The augmented bone remained stable 1 year after prosthetic loading. KEY POINTS Why is this case new information? A novel titanium reinforced PTFE mesh has been recently introduced for vertical ridge augmentation. This case report adds new information to the literature about the management and clinical outcome in a case of exposure. What are the keys to successful management of this case? Weekly check-up of the patient by the clinician Patient's ability to keep the wound clean and disinfected What are the primary limitations to success in this case? Impossibility of being able to check the patient at least once a week Acute infection.
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He Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Liu L, Zhu Z, Luo E. Smart Porous Scaffold Promotes Peri-Implant Osteogenesis under the Periosteum. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6321-6330. [PMID: 33449673 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adequate peri-implant bone mass and bone quality are essential factors to ensure the initial stability of the implant and success of implant operation. In clinical settings, the lack of bone mass often restricts the implant operation. In this study, we fabricated a smart porous scaffold with a shape memory function and investigated whether it could promote peri-implant osteogenesis under the periosteum. Methods: A porous shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffold was fabricated and its shape memory function, mechanical properties, and degradation rate were tested in vitro. Moreover, the scaffold was implanted in the mandible of rabbits to evaluate its efficacy to promote peri-implant osteogenesis in the periosteum and enhance the initial stability of the implant. Histological, micro-CT, and biomechanical analyses were carried out for further verification. Results: The SMP scaffold has a good shape memory function and biocompatibility in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the SMP scaffold could recover to its original shape after implantation to create a small gap in the periosteum. After 12 weeks, the scaffold was gradually replaced by a newly formed bone, and the stability of the implant increased when it implanted with the scaffold. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the SMP scaffolds have a good shape memory function and could enhance peri-implant bone formation under the periosteum. The SMP scaffold provides a clinical potential candidate for bone tissue engineering under the periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhaokun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Grobecker‐Karl T, Palarie V, Schneider S, Karl M. Does intraoperative bone density testing correlate with parameters of primary implant stability? A pilot study in minipigs. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:594-600. [PMID: 31890296 PMCID: PMC6934340 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone density, surgical protocol, and implant design are the major determinants of primary stability. The goal of this animal trial was to investigate potential correlations of intraoperative bone density testing with clinical and histologic parameters of primary implant stability. Material and methods Following extractions of all mandibular premolars and subsequent healing, four implants each were placed in a total of four minipigs. Bone density was determined by applying intraoperative compressive tests using a device named BoneProbe whereas measurements of implant insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis were used for evaluating implant stability. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone to implant contact were quantified after harvesting mandibular block sections. Spearman rank correlation tests were performed for evaluating correlations (α = .05). Results Due to variation in clinical measurements, only weak correlations could be identified. A positive correlation was found between the parameters bone to implant contact and BMD (Spearman's rho .53; p = .05) whereas an inverse correlation was observed between BMD and implant stability (Spearman's rho -.61; p = .03). Both BoneProbe measurements in the cortical and trabecular area positively correlated with implant insertion torque (Spearman's rho 0.60; p = .02). A slightly stronger correlation was observed between the average of both BoneProbe measurements and implant insertion torque (Spearman's rho.66; p = .01). Conclusions While establishing exact relationships among parameters of implant stability and the measurement techniques applied would require greater sample size, intraoperative compressive testing of bone might, despite the weak correlations seen here, be a useful tool for predicting primary implant stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Palarie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology "A. Gutan"University of Medicine and Pharmacy "N. Testemitanu"ChisinauMoldova
| | - Sonja Schneider
- Department of ProsthodonticsSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Matthias Karl
- Department of ProsthodonticsSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
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Donos N, Dereka X, Calciolari E. The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration: A narrative review. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:124-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
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Stavropoulos A, Cochran D, Obrecht M, Pippenger BE, Dard M. Effect of Osteotomy Preparation on Osseointegration of Immediately Loaded, Tapered Dental Implants. Adv Dent Res 2017; 28:34-41. [PMID: 26927486 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515624446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present preclinical in vivo study was to evaluate whether a modified "drill-only" protocol, involving slight underpreparation of the implant site, may have an effect on aspects of osseointegration of a novel bone-level tapered implant, compared with the "standard drilling" protocol involving taping and profiling of the marginal aspect of the implant socket. In each side of the edentulated and completely healed mandible of 11 minipigs, 2 tapered implants (8 mm long × 4.1 mm Ø, BLT; Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were installed either with the drill-only or the standard drilling protocol. Significantly lower average insertion torque values were recorded for the standard drilling protocol group (52 ± 29 Ncm) compared with the drill-only group (70 ± 27 Ncm) (t test, P ≤ 0.05); no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding implant stability, by means of resonance frequency analysis (75 ± 8 vs. 75 ± 6, respectively). Half of the implants were immediately loaded and the rest were submerged, providing observation times of 8 or 4 wk, respectively. Non-decalcified histological and histomorphometric analysis of the implants with surrounding tissues showed no significant differences between the 2 drilling protocols regarding the distance from the implant platform to the first coronal bone-to-implant contact (f-BIC), the total bone-to-implant contact (BIC) as a percentage of the total implant perimeter, and the bone density in an area extending 1 mm laterally from the implant (BATA) within 2 rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) 4 mm in height, representing the coronal (parallel-walled) and apical (tapered) aspect of the implant (ROI 1 and ROI 2, respectively) in non-submerged implants. In general, marginal peri-implant bone levels were at or slightly apical to the implant platform, and large amounts of bone-to-implant contact were observed. In contrast, immediately loaded implants placed with the drill-only protocol showed statistically significantly lower BIC values (66% ± 13.7%) compared with those installed with the standard drilling protocol (74.8% ± 11.2%) (P = 0.018). In addition, although marginal bone levels were in most of the immediately loaded implants at or slightly apical to the implant platform, some of the implants installed with the drill-only protocol showed marginal bone loss and crater formation. Thus, in this model system, even slight underpreparation of the implant socket appeared to compromise osseointegration of immediately loaded bone-level tapered implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Cochran
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Department of Periodontics, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - M Obrecht
- Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - M Dard
- Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
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Wen B, Shafer D, Schleier P, Pendrys D, Kuhn L, Freilich M. Implant-guided supracrestal alveolar bone growth using scaffolds, BMP-2, and novel scaffold-retaining device. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 28:1411-1420. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Division of Implant Dentistry; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - David Shafer
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences; Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - Peter Schleier
- Department of head and neck; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - David Pendrys
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - Liisa Kuhn
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Biomaterials; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - Martin Freilich
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Biomaterials; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
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Pang J, Ye M, Gu X, Cao Y, Zheng Y, Guo H, Zhao Y, Zhan H, Shi Y. Ovariectomy-Induced Osteopenia Influences the Middle and Late Periods of Bone Healing in a Mouse Femoral Osteotomy Model. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:356-65. [PMID: 25694054 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that bone healing is delayed in the presence of osteoporosis in humans. However, due to the complexities of the healing of osteoporotic fractures, animal models may be more appropriate for studying the effects of osteoporosis in more detail and for testing drugs on the fracture repair process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in bone healing in an open femoral osteotomy model, and to test the feasibility of this model for evaluating the healing process under osteopenic conditions. METHODS Ovariectomized (OVX) mouse models were employed to assess the effects of osteopenia on fracture healing, A mid-shaft femur osteotomy model was also established 3 weeks after ovariectomy as an osteopenic fracture group (OVX group). Femurs were then harvested at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after fracture for X-ray radiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, and biomechanical analysis. A sham-operated group (sham group) was used for comparison. RESULTS The OVX mice had significantly lower bone volume density (BVF), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and tissue mineral density (TMD) in the fracture calluses at 6 weeks (p<0.05), and similar trend was observed in 2 weeks. Additionally, larger calluses in OVX animals were observed via micro-CT and X-ray, but these did not result in better healing outcomes, as determined by biomechanical test at 6 weeks. Histological images of the healing fractures in the OVX mice found hastening of broken end resorption and delay of hard callus remodeling. The impaired biomechanical measurements in the OVX group (p<0.05) were consistent with micro-CT measurements and radiographic scoring, which also indicated delay in fracture healing of the OVX group. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence that ovariectomy-induced osteopenia impair the middle and late bone healing process. These data also supported the validity of the mouse femoral osteotomy model in evaluating the process of bone healing under osteopenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pang
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China .,3 Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meina Ye
- 2 Department of Breast Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Gu
- 3 Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics , Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelong Cao
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Hailing Guo
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyu Shi
- 1 Research Institute of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Wen B, Li Z, Nie R, Liu C, Zhang P, Miron RJ, Dard MM. Influence of biphasic calcium phosphate surfaces coated with Enamel Matrix Derivative on vertical bone growth in an extra-oral rabbit model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1297-1304. [PMID: 26689728 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Rongrong Nie
- Department of Prosthdontics; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Prosthdontics; Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Richard J. Miron
- Department of Periodontology; Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Michel M. Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry; College of Dentistry; New York University; New York NY USA
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Wen B, Kuhn L, Charles L, Pendrys D, Shafer D, Freilich M. Comparison of bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery systems to induce supracrestal bone guided by titanium implants in the rabbit mandible. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:676-85. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Division of Implant Dentistry; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Medical School; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Liisa Kuhn
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Regeneration Medicine and Skeletal Development; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - Lyndon Charles
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Regeneration Medicine and Skeletal Development; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - David Pendrys
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Regeneration Medicine and Skeletal Development; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - David Shafer
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
| | - Martin Freilich
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences; Center for Regeneration Medicine and Skeletal Development; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut; Farmington CT USA
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Casap N, Laviv A, Debecco M, Alterman M, Laster Z, Jensen OT. Imperforate Titanium Shell Enclosing Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Induced Bone Formation for High-Profile Dental Implants in Rabbit Tibia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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