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Diab A, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Guo Z, Javaheri A. HDL Composition, Heart Failure, and Its Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846990. [PMID: 35350538 PMCID: PMC8958020 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart failure and associated comorbidities on HDL, explore potential cardioprotective properties of HDL, and review novel HDL therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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Protein Backbone and Average Particle Dynamics in Reconstituted Discoidal and Spherical HDL Probed by Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange and Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010121. [PMID: 31936876 PMCID: PMC7022587 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are supramolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids with dynamic characteristics critically linked to their biological functions as plasma lipid transporters and lipid exchangers. Among them, spherical high-density lipoproteins are the most abundant forms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma, active participants in reverse cholesterol transport, and associated with reduced development of atherosclerosis. Here, we employed elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to determine the average particle dynamics and protein backbone local mobility of physiologically competent discoidal and spherical HDL particles reconstituted with human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Our EINS measurements indicated that discoidal HDL was more dynamic than spherical HDL at ambient temperatures, in agreement with their lipid-protein composition. Combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and MS cross-linking, we showed earlier that the most likely organization of the three apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) chains in spherical HDL is a combination of a hairpin monomer and a helical antiparallel dimer. Here, we corroborated those findings with kinetic studies, employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Many overlapping apoA-I digested peptides exhibited bimodal HDX kinetics behavior, suggesting that apoA-I regions with the same amino acid composition located on different apoA-I chains had different conformations and/or interaction environments.
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Capodanno D, Mehran R, Gibson CM, Angiolillo DJ. CSL112, a reconstituted, infusible, plasma-derived apolipoprotein A-I: safety and tolerability profiles and implications for management in patients with myocardial infarction. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:997-1005. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1543399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, CAST, P.O. “Rodolico”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. Michael Gibson
- The PERFUSE Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominick J. Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Current and Emerging Reconstituted HDL-apoA-I and HDL-apoE Approaches to Treat Atherosclerosis. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8040034. [PMID: 30282955 PMCID: PMC6313318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis affects millions of people worldwide. However, the wide variety of limitations in the current therapeutic options leaves much to be desired in future lipid-lowering therapies. For example, although statins, which are the first-line treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD), reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in a large percentage of patients, they lead to optimal levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in only about one-third of patients. A new promising research direction against atherosclerosis aims to improve lipoprotein metabolism. Novel therapeutic approaches are being developed to increase the levels of functional high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. This review aims to highlight the atheroprotective potential of the in vitro synthesized reconstituted HDL particles containing apolipoprotein E (apoE) as their sole apolipoprotein component (rHDL-apoE). For this purpose, we provide: (1) a summary of the atheroprotective properties of native plasma HDL and its apolipoprotein components, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apoE; (2) an overview of the anti-atherogenic functions of rHDL-apoA-I and apoA-I-containing HDL, i.e., natural HDL isolated from transgenic Apoa1−/− × Apoe−/− mice overexpressing human apoA-I (HDL-apoA-I); and (3) the latest developments and therapeutic potential of HDL-apoE and rHDL-apoE. Novel rHDL formulations containing apoE could possibly present enhanced biological functions, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy against atherosclerosis.
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Gordon SM, Pourmousa M, Sampson M, Sviridov D, Islam R, Perrin BS, Kemeh G, Pastor RW, Remaley AT. Identification of a novel lipid binding motif in apolipoprotein B by the analysis of hydrophobic cluster domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:135-145. [PMID: 27814978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a large amphipathic protein that is the structural scaffold for the formation of several classes of lipoproteins involved in lipid transport throughout the body. The goal of the present study was to identify specific domains in the apoB sequence that contribute to its lipid binding properties. A sequence analysis algorithm was developed to identify stretches of hydrophobic amino acids devoid of charged amino acids, which are referred to as hydrophobic cluster domains (HCDs). This analysis identified 78 HCDs in apoB with hydrophobic stretches ranging from 6 to 26 residues. Each HCD was analyzed in silico for secondary structure and lipid binding properties, and a subset was synthesized for experimental evaluation. One HCD peptide, B38, showed high affinity binding to both isolated HDL and LDL, and could exchange between lipoproteins. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations indicate that B38 inserts 3.7Å below the phosphate plane of the bilayer. B38 forms an unusual α-helix with a broad hydrophobic face and polar serine and threonine residues on the opposite face. Based on this structure, we hypothesized that B38 could efflux cholesterol from cells. B38 showed a 12-fold greater activity than the 5A peptide, a bihelical Class A amphipathic helix (EC50 of 0.2658 vs. 3.188μM; p<0.0001), in promoting cholesterol efflux from ABCA1 expressing BHK-1 cells. In conclusion, we have identified novel domains within apoB that contribute to its lipid biding properties. Additionally, we have discovered a unique amphipathic helix design for efficient ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Gordon
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denis Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rafique Islam
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - B Scott Perrin
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Georgina Kemeh
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Javaheri A, Molina M, Zamani P, Rodrigues A, Novak E, Chambers S, Stutman P, Maslanek W, Williams M, Lilly SM, Heeger P, Sayegh MH, Chandraker A, Briscoe DM, Daly KP, Starling R, Ikle D, Christie J, Rame JE, Goldberg LR, Billheimer J, Rader DJ. Cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoprotein correlates with survival and allograft vasculopathy in cardiac transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:1295-1302. [PMID: 27498384 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of mortality after cardiac transplantation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is inversely associated with coronary artery disease. In 2 independent studies, we tested the hypothesis that reduced CEC is associated with mortality and disease progression in CAV. METHODS We tested the relationship between CEC and survival in a cohort of patients with CAV (n = 35). To determine whether reduced CEC is associated with CAV progression, we utilized samples from the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 05 (CTOT05) study to determine the association between CEC and CAV progression and status at 1 year (n = 81), as assessed by average change in maximal intimal thickness (MIT) on intravascular ultrasound. RESULTS Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models demonstrated that higher levels of CEC were associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.63) per standard deviation CEC, p = 0.002). Patients who developed CAV had reduced CEC at baseline and 1-year post-transplant. We observed a significant association between pre-transplant CEC and the average change in MIT, particularly among patients who developed CAV at 1 year (β = -0.59, p = 0.02, R2 = 0.35). CONCLUSION Reduced CEC is associated with disease progression and mortality in CAV patients. These findings suggest the hypothesis that interventions to increase CEC may be useful in cardiac transplant patients for prevention or treatment of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javaheri
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Maria Molina
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Payman Zamani
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amrith Rodrigues
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Novak
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan Chambers
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Stutman
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wilhelmina Maslanek
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Williams
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott M Lilly
- Division of Cardiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Heeger
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Brigham & Women׳s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Brigham & Women׳s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kevin P Daly
- Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David Ikle
- Department of Biostatistics, Rho Federal Systems Division, Rho, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason Christie
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Eduardo Rame
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee R Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
Several recent reports have raised doubts about the atheroprotective role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Nevertheless, a substantial body of work supports the validity of pharmacological interventions able to enhance HDL function, as opposed to raising HDL-C levels per se. In this article, we briefly review the development of pharmacological interventions that target apoA-I and HDL function as a means of reducing atherosclerotic risk: small molecule pharmaceuticals, small HDL mimetic peptides, and infusion of apoA-I-containing particles.
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