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Cooper STE, Lokman AB, Riley PR. Role of the Lymphatics in Cardiac Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1181-1190. [PMID: 38634279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the largest cause of death worldwide with recent evidence increasingly attributing the development and progression of these diseases to an exacerbated inflammatory response. As a result, significant research is now focused on modifying the immune environment to prevent the disease progression. This in turn has highlighted the lymphatic system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases owing, in part, to its established function in immune cell surveillance and trafficking. In this review, we highlight the role of the cardiac lymphatic system and its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic target in selected cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna T E Cooper
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam B Lokman
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Hastings MH, Castro C, Freeman R, Abdul Kadir A, Lerchenmüller C, Li H, Rhee J, Roh JD, Roh K, Singh AP, Wu C, Xia P, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Rosenzweig A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributors to the Cardiac Benefits of Exercise. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:535-552. [PMID: 38680954 PMCID: PMC11055208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Among its many cardiovascular benefits, exercise training improves heart function and protects the heart against age-related decline, pathological stress, and injury. Here, we focus on cardiac benefits with an emphasis on more recent updates to our understanding. While the cardiomyocyte continues to play a central role as both a target and effector of exercise's benefits, there is a growing recognition of the important roles of other, noncardiomyocyte lineages and pathways, including some that lie outside the heart itself. We review what is known about mediators of exercise's benefits-both those intrinsic to the heart (at the level of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, or vascular cells) and those that are systemic (including metabolism, inflammation, the microbiome, and aging)-highlighting what is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H. Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire Castro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Freeman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haobo Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Tronolone JJ, Mohamed N, Jain A. Engineering Lymphangiogenesis-On-Chip: The Independent and Cooperative Regulation by Biochemical Factors, Gradients, and Interstitial Fluid Flow. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400031. [PMID: 38400704 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of lymphangiogenesis during development and in several diseases with implications for tissue regeneration, immunity, and cancer, there are significantly fewer tools to understand this process relative to angiogenesis. While there has been a major surge in modeling angiogenesis with microphysiological systems, they have not been rigorously optimized or standardized to enable the recreation of the dynamics of lymphangiogenesis. Here, a Lymphangiogenesis-Chip (L-Chip) is engineered, within which new sprouts form and mature depending upon the imposition of interstitial flow, growth factor gradients, and pre-conditioning of endothelial cells with growth factors. The L-Chip reveals the independent and combinatorial effects of these mechanical and biochemical determinants of lymphangiogenesis, thus ultimately resulting in sprouts emerging from a parent vessel and maturing into tubular structures up to 1 mm in length within 4 days, exceeding prior art. Further, when the constitution of the pre-conditioning cocktail and the growth factor cocktail used to initiate and promote lymphangiogenesis are dissected, it is found that endocan (ESM-1) results in more dominant lymphangiogenesis relative to angiogenesis. Therefore, The L-Chip provides a foundation for standardizing the microfluidics assays specific to lymphangiogenesis and for accelerating its basic and translational science at par with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tronolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nadin Mohamed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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4
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Kiseleva DG, Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Cherednichenko VR, Gugueva EA, Markin AM. Mechanisms of Myocardial Edema Development in CVD Pathophysiology. Biomedicines 2024; 12:465. [PMID: 38398066 PMCID: PMC10887157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial edema is the excess accumulation of fluid in the myocardial interstitium or cardiac cells that develops due to changes in capillary permeability, loss of glycocalyx charge, imbalance in lymphatic drainage, or a combination of these factors. Today it is believed that this condition is not only a complication of cardiovascular diseases, but in itself causes aggravation of the disease and increases the risks of adverse outcomes. The study of molecular, genetic, and mechanical changes in the myocardium during edema may contribute to the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. This review was conducted to describe the main mechanisms of myocardial edema development at the molecular and cellular levels and to identify promising targets for the regulation of this condition based on articles cited in Pubmed up to January 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G. Kiseleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ac. Chazov Str. 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Vadim R. Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Gugueva
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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6
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Carroll BJ, Singhal D. Advances in lymphedema: An under-recognized disease with a hopeful future for patients. Vasc Med 2024; 29:70-84. [PMID: 38166534 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x231215329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphedema has traditionally been underappreciated by the healthcare community. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and treatments beyond compression have been limited until recently. Increased investigation has demonstrated the key role of inflammation and resultant fibrosis and adipose deposition leading to the clinical sequelae and associated reduction in quality of life with lymphedema. New imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), indocyanine green lymphography, and high-frequency ultrasound offer improved resolution and understanding of lymphatic anatomy and flow. Nonsurgical therapy with compression, exercise, and weight loss remains the mainstay of therapy, but growing surgical options show promise. Physiologic procedures (lymphovenous anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transfers) improve lymphatic flow in the diseased limb and may reduce edema and the burden of compression. Debulking, primarily with liposuction to remove the adipose deposition that has accumulated, results in a dramatic decrease in limb girth in appropriately selected patients. Though early, there are also exciting developments of potential therapeutic targets tackling the underlying drivers of the disease. Multidisciplinary teams have developed to offer the full breadth of evaluation and current management, but the development of a greater understanding and availability of therapies is needed to ensure patients with lymphedema have greater opportunity for optimal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Carroll
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhruv Singhal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Deng T, Shi Z, Xiao Y. Research progress in the cardiac lymphatic system and myocardial repair after myocardial infarction. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:920-929. [PMID: 37587078 PMCID: PMC10930442 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system of the heart plays an important role in the repair process after myocardial injury and may regulate normal tissue homeostasis and natural regeneration via maintaining fluid homeostasis and controlling the inflammatory response. The lymphatic system in the heart is activated after myocardial injury and is involved in the scarring process of the heart. Recent studies on the lymphatic system and myocardial repair of the heart have developed rapidly, and the mechanisms for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic endothelial cell secretion have been elucidated by different animal models. A deep understanding of the structural, molecular, and functional characteristics of the lymphatic system of the heart can help develop therapies that target the lymphatic system in the heart. Summarizing the progress in studies on targets related to myocardial repair and the cardiac lymphatic system is helpful to provide potential new targets and strategies for myocardial repair therapy after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
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Matsui K, Torii S, Hara S, Maruyama K, Arai T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C in Tissue Repair after Myocardial Infarction in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10184. [PMID: 37373332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is progressive ventricular dilatation associated with heart failure for weeks or months and is currently regarded as the most critical sequela of MI. It is explained by inadequate tissue repair due to dysregulated inflammation during the acute stage; however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Tenascin-C (TNC), an original member of the matricellular protein family, is highly up-regulated in the acute stage after MI, and a high peak in its serum level predicts an increased risk of adverse ventricular remodeling in the chronic stage. Experimental TNC-deficient or -overexpressing mouse models have suggested the diverse functions of TNC, particularly its pro-inflammatory effects on macrophages. The present study investigated the roles of TNC during human myocardial repair. We initially categorized the healing process into four phases: inflammatory, granulation, fibrogenic, and scar phases. We then immunohistochemically examined human autopsy samples at the different stages after MI and performed detailed mapping of TNC in human myocardial repair with a focus on lymphangiogenesis, the role of which has recently been attracting increasing attention as a mechanism to resolve inflammation. The direct effects of TNC on human lymphatic endothelial cells were also assessed by RNA sequencing. The results obtained support the potential roles of TNC in the regulation of macrophages, sprouting angiogenesis, the recruitment of myofibroblasts, and the early formation of collagen fibrils during the inflammatory phase to the early granulation phase of human MI. Lymphangiogenesis was observed after the expression of TNC was down-regulated. In vitro results revealed that TNC modestly down-regulated genes related to nuclear division, cell division, and cell migration in lymphatic endothelial cells, suggesting its inhibitory effects on lymphatic endothelial cells. The present results indicate that TNC induces prolonged over-inflammation by suppressing lymphangiogenesis, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying adverse post-infarct remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsui
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Sota Torii
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 3-52 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Liu C, Li J. The physiological functions of lymphangiocrine signals. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:319-320. [PMID: 37019802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the lymphatic system plays important roles in tissue development and the progress of diseases. Recent studies identified that lymphatic endothelial cells can secret many proteins with diverse functions. This article highlights the physiological significances of these lymphangiocrine signals in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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10
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Blei F. Update April 2023. Lymphat Res Biol 2023; 21:194-226. [PMID: 37093172 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2023.29139.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Blei
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, The Laurence D. And Lori Weider Fink Children's Ambulatory Care Center, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Singhal D, Börner K, Chaikof EL, Detmar M, Hollmén M, Iliff JJ, Itkin M, Makinen T, Oliver G, Padera TP, Quardokus EM, Radtke AJ, Suami H, Weber GM, Rovira II, Muratoglu SC, Galis ZS. Mapping the lymphatic system across body scales and expertise domains: A report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop at the Boston Lymphatic Symposium. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099403. [PMID: 36814475 PMCID: PMC9939837 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing our understanding of lymphatic anatomy from the microscopic to the anatomical scale is essential to discern how the structure and function of the lymphatic system interacts with different tissues and organs within the body and contributes to health and disease. The knowledge of molecular aspects of the lymphatic network is fundamental to understand the mechanisms of disease progression and prevention. Recent advances in mapping components of the lymphatic system using state of the art single cell technologies, the identification of novel biomarkers, new clinical imaging efforts, and computational tools which attempt to identify connections between these diverse technologies hold the potential to catalyze new strategies to address lymphatic diseases such as lymphedema and lipedema. This manuscript summarizes current knowledge of the lymphatic system and identifies prevailing challenges and opportunities to advance the field of lymphatic research as discussed by the experts in the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Singhal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katy Börner
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jeffrey J. Iliff
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Center for Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taija Makinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy P. Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ellen M. Quardokus
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Andrea J. Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hiroo Suami
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Griffin M. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ilsa I. Rovira
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zorina S. Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Blei F. Update February 2023. Lymphat Res Biol 2023; 21:78-96. [PMID: 36809167 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2023.29136.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Blei
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Peluzzo AM, Bkhache M, Do LNH, Autieri MV, Liu X. Differential regulation of lymphatic junctional morphology and the potential effects on cardiovascular diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198052. [PMID: 37187962 PMCID: PMC10175597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature provides an essential route to drain fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from the interstitium as lymph, returning it to the bloodstream where the thoracic duct meets the subclavian vein. To ensure functional lymphatic drainage, the lymphatic system contains a complex network of vessels which has differential regulation of unique cell-cell junctions. The lymphatic endothelial cells lining initial lymphatic vessels form permeable "button-like" junctions which allow substances to enter the vessel. Collecting lymphatic vessels form less permeable "zipper-like" junctions which retain lymph within the vessel and prevent leakage. Therefore, sections of the lymphatic bed are differentially permeable, regulated in part by its junctional morphology. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of regulating lymphatic junctional morphology, highlighting how it relates to lymphatic permeability during development and disease. We will also discuss the effect of alterations in lymphatic permeability on efficient lymphatic flux in health and how it may affect cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on atherosclerosis.
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