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Genge CE, Muralidharan P, Kemp J, Hull CM, Yip M, Simpson K, Hunter DV, Claydon TW. Zebrafish cardiac repolarization does not functionally depend on the expression of the hERG1b-like transcript. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:87-99. [PMID: 37934265 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish provide a translational model of human cardiac function. Their similar cardiac electrophysiology enables screening of human cardiac repolarization disorders, drug arrhythmogenicity, and novel antiarrhythmic therapeutics. However, while zebrafish cardiac repolarization is driven by delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr), the relative role of alternate channel transcripts is uncertain. While human ether-a-go-go-related-gene-1a (hERG1a) is the dominant transcript in humans, expression of the functionally distinct alternate transcript, hERG1b, modifies the electrophysiological and pharmacologic IKr phenotype. Studies of zebrafish IKr are frequently translated without consideration for the presence and impact of hERG1b in humans. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of all available KCNH genes from Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Our findings confirmed zebrafish cardiac zkcnh6a as the paralog of human hERG1a (hKCNH2a), but also revealed evidence of a hERG1b (hKCNH2b)-like N-terminally truncated gene, zkcnh6b, in zebrafish. zkcnh6b is a teleost-specific variant that resulted from the 3R genome duplication. qRT-PCR showed dominant expression of zkcnh6a in zebrafish atrial and ventricular tissue, with low levels of zkcnh6b. Functional evaluation of zkcnh6b in a heterologous system showed no discernable function under the conditions tested, and no influence on zkcnh6a function during the zebrafish ventricular action potential. Our findings provide the first descriptions of the zkcnh6b gene, and show that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cardiac repolarization does not rely upon co-assembly of zERG1a/zERG1b. Given that hERG1b modifies IKr function and drug binding in humans, our findings highlight the need for consideration when translating hERG variant effects and toxicological screens in zebrafish, which lack a functional hERG1b-equivalent gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Genge
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Padmapriya Muralidharan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Jake Kemp
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Christina M Hull
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Mandy Yip
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Kyle Simpson
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Diana V Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Thomas W Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada.
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2
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Venkateshappa R, Hunter DV, Muralidharan P, Nagalingam RS, Huen G, Faizi S, Luthra S, Lin E, Cheng YM, Hughes J, Khelifi R, Dhunna DP, Johal R, Sergeev V, Shafaattalab S, Julian LM, Poburko DT, Laksman Z, Tibbits GF, Claydon TW. Targeted activation of human ether-à-go-go-related gene channels rescues electrical instability induced by the R56Q+/- long QT syndrome variant. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2522-2535. [PMID: 37739930 PMCID: PMC10676460 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2) is associated with inherited variants in the cardiac human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channel. However, the pathogenicity of hERG channel gene variants is often uncertain. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), we investigated the pathogenic mechanism underlying the LQTS-associated hERG R56Q variant and its phenotypic rescue by using the Type 1 hERG activator, RPR260243. METHODS AND RESULTS The above approaches enable characterization of the unclear causative mechanism of arrhythmia in the R56Q variant (an N-terminal PAS domain mutation that primarily accelerates channel deactivation) and translational investigation of the potential for targeted pharmacologic manipulation of hERG deactivation. Using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology of single hiPSC-CMs, programmed electrical stimulation showed that the hERG R56Q variant does not significantly alter the mean action potential duration (APD90). However, the R56Q variant increases the beat-to-beat variability in APD90 during pacing at constant cycle lengths, enhances the variance of APD90 during rate transitions, and increases the incidence of 2:1 block. During paired S1-S2 stimulations measuring electrical restitution properties, the R56Q variant was also found to increase the variability in rise time and duration of the response to premature stimulations. Application of the hERG channel activator, RPR260243, reduces the APD variance in hERG R56Q hiPSC-CMs, reduces the variability in responses to premature stimulations, and increases the post-repolarization refractoriness. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we propose that the hERG R56Q variant leads to heterogeneous APD dynamics, which could result in spatial dispersion of repolarization and increased risk for re-entry without significantly affecting the average APD90. Furthermore, our data highlight the antiarrhythmic potential of targeted slowing of hERG deactivation gating, which we demonstrate increases protection against premature action potentials and reduces electrical heterogeneity in hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Venkateshappa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Diana V Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Priya Muralidharan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Raghu S Nagalingam
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Galvin Huen
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Shoaib Faizi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Shreya Luthra
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Yen May Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Julia Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Rania Khelifi
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Daman Parduman Dhunna
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Raj Johal
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Valentine Sergeev
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Lisa M Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Damon T Poburko
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Tom W Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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3
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Kaizer AM, Winbo A, Clur SAB, Etheridge SP, Ackerman MJ, Horigome H, Herberg U, Dagradi F, Spazzolini C, Killen SAS, Wacker-Gussmann A, Wilde AAM, Sinkovskaya E, Abuhamad A, Torchio M, Ng CA, Rydberg A, Schwartz PJ, Cuneo BF. Effects of cohort, genotype, variant, and maternal β-blocker treatment on foetal heart rate predictors of inherited long QT syndrome. Europace 2023; 25:euad319. [PMID: 37975542 PMCID: PMC10655062 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In long QT syndrome (LQTS), primary prevention improves outcome; thus, early identification is key. The most common LQTS phenotype is a foetal heart rate (FHR) < 3rd percentile for gestational age (GA) but the effects of cohort, genotype, variant, and maternal β-blocker therapy on FHR are unknown. We assessed the influence of these factors on FHR in pregnancies with familial LQTS and developed a FHR/GA threshold for LQTS. METHODS AND RESULTS In an international cohort of pregnancies in which one parent had LQTS, LQTS genotype, familial variant, and maternal β-blocker effects on FHR were assessed. We developed a testing algorithm for LQTS using FHR and GA as continuous predictors. Data included 1966 FHRs at 7-42 weeks' GA from 267 pregnancies/164 LQTS families [220 LQTS type 1 (LQT1), 35 LQTS type 2 (LQT2), and 12 LQTS type 3 (LQT3)]. The FHRs were significantly lower in LQT1 and LQT2 but not LQT3 or LQTS negative. The LQT1 variants with non-nonsense and severe function loss (current density or β-adrenergic response) had lower FHR. Maternal β-blockers potentiated bradycardia in LQT1 and LQT2 but did not affect FHR in LQTS negative. A FHR/GA threshold predicted LQT1 and LQT2 with 74.9% accuracy, 71% sensitivity, and 81% specificity. CONCLUSION Genotype, LQT1 variant, and maternal β-blocker therapy affect FHR. A predictive threshold of FHR/GA significantly improves the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for LQT1 and LQT2, above the infant's a priori 50% probability. We speculate this model may be useful in screening for LQTS in perinatal subjects without a known LQTS family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kaizer
- Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Annika Winbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan P Etheridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hitoshi Horigome
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ulrike Herberg
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federica Dagradi
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 2015 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Spazzolini
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 2015 Milan, Italy
| | - Stacy A S Killen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annette Wacker-Gussmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amseterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Sinkovskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Alfred Abuhamad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Margherita Torchio
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 2015 Milan, Italy
| | - Chai-Ann Ng
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- The School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annika Rydberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 2015 Milan, Italy
| | - Bettina F Cuneo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Denver School of Medicine, 13123 16th Ave, Box 100, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Allan A, Creech J, Hausner C, Krajcarski P, Gunawan B, Poulin N, Kozlowski P, Clark CW, Dow R, Saraithong P, Mair DB, Block T, Monteiro da Rocha A, Kim DH, Herron TJ. High-throughput longitudinal electrophysiology screening of mature chamber-specific hiPSC-CMs using optical mapping. iScience 2023; 26:107142. [PMID: 37416454 PMCID: PMC10320609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
hiPSC-CMs are being considered by the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies for in vitro cardiotoxicity screening to provide human-relevant safety data. Widespread adoption of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory and academic science is limited by the immature, fetal-like phenotype of the cells. Here, to advance the maturation state of hiPSC-CMs, we developed and validated a human perinatal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix coating applied to high-throughput cell culture plates. We also present and validate a cardiac optical mapping device designed for high-throughput functional assessment of mature hiPSC-CM action potentials using voltage-sensitive dye and calcium transients using calcium-sensitive dyes or genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI, GCaMP6). We utilize the optical mapping device to provide new biological insight into mature chamber-specific hiPSC-CMs, responsiveness to cardioactive drugs, the effect of GCaMP6 genetic variants on electrophysiological function, and the effect of daily β-receptor stimulation on hiPSC-CM monolayer function and SERCA2a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Allan
- Cairn Research, Graveney Road, Faversham, Kent ME13 8UP UK
| | - Jeffery Creech
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Hausner
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peyton Krajcarski
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bianca Gunawan
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noah Poulin
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Kozlowski
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Wayne Clark
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Dow
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Devin B. Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Travis Block
- StemBioSys, Inc, 3463 Magic Drive, Suite 110, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Todd J. Herron
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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5
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Alameh M, Oliveira-Mendes BR, Kyndt F, Rivron J, Denjoy I, Lesage F, Schott JJ, De Waard M, Loussouarn G. A need for exhaustive and standardized characterization of ion channels activity. The case of K V11.1. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132533. [PMID: 36860515 PMCID: PMC9968853 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
hERG, the pore-forming subunit of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, plays a key role in ventricular repolarization. Mutations in the KCNH2 gene encoding hERG are associated with several cardiac rhythmic disorders, mainly the Long QT syndrome (LQTS) characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization, leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, sometimes progressing to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. Over the past few years, the emergence of next-generation sequencing has revealed an increasing number of genetic variants including KCNH2 variants. However, the potential pathogenicity of the majority of the variants remains unknown, thus classifying them as variants of uncertain significance or VUS. With diseases such as LQTS being associated with sudden death, identifying patients at risk by determining the variant pathogenicity, is crucial. The purpose of this review is to describe, on the basis of an exhaustive examination of the 1322 missense variants, the nature of the functional assays undertaken so far and their limitations. A detailed analysis of 38 hERG missense variants identified in Long QT French patients and studied in electrophysiology also underlies the incomplete characterization of the biophysical properties for each variant. These analyses lead to two conclusions: first, the function of many hERG variants has never been looked at and, second, the functional studies done so far are excessively heterogeneous regarding the stimulation protocols, cellular models, experimental temperatures, homozygous and/or the heterozygous condition under study, a context that may lead to conflicting conclusions. The state of the literature emphasizes how necessary and important it is to perform an exhaustive functional characterization of hERG variants and to standardize this effort for meaningful comparison among variants. The review ends with suggestions to create a unique homogeneous protocol that could be shared and adopted among scientists and that would facilitate cardiologists and geneticists in patient counseling and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Alameh
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France,Labex ICST, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Ribeiro Oliveira-Mendes
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Barbara Ribeiro Oliveira-Mendes,
| | - Florence Kyndt
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jordan Rivron
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- Service de Cardiologie et CNMR Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Florian Lesage
- Labex ICST, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France,Labex ICST, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Gildas Loussouarn
- CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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6
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Ismaili D, Schulz C, Horváth A, Koivumäki JT, Mika D, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an electrophysiological model: Opportunities and challenges-The Hamburg perspective. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132165. [PMID: 36875015 PMCID: PMC9978010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Models based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are proposed in almost any field of physiology and pharmacology. The development of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is expected to become a step forward to increase the translational power of cardiovascular research. Importantly they should allow to study genetic effects on an electrophysiological background close to the human situation. However, biological and methodological issues revealed when human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were used in experimental electrophysiology. We will discuss some of the challenges that should be considered when human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes will be used as a physiological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djemail Ismaili
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl Schulz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - András Horváth
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Delphine Mika
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Reilly L, Munawar S, Zhang J, Crone WC, Eckhardt LL. Challenges and innovation: Disease modeling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:966094. [PMID: 36035948 PMCID: PMC9411865 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.966094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease modeling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has both challenges and promise. While patient-derived iPSC-CMs provide a unique opportunity for disease modeling with isogenic cells, the challenge is that these cells still demonstrate distinct properties which make it functionally less akin to adult cardiomyocytes. In response to this challenge, numerous innovations in differentiation and modification of hiPSC-CMs and culture techniques have been developed. Here, we provide a focused commentary on hiPSC-CMs for use in disease modeling, the progress made in generating electrically and metabolically mature hiPSC-CMs and enabling investigative platforms. The solutions are bringing us closer to the promise of modeling heart disease using human cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Reilly
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Saba Munawar
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wendy C. Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lee L. Eckhardt
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Lee L. Eckhardt
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Jiang C, Richardson E, Farr J, Hill AP, Ullah R, Kroncke BM, Harrison SM, Thomson KL, Ingles J, Vandenberg JI, Ng CA. A calibrated functional patch-clamp assay to enhance clinical variant interpretation in KCNH2-related long QT syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1199-1207. [PMID: 35688147 PMCID: PMC9300752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern sequencing technologies have revolutionized our detection of gene variants. However, in most genes, including KCNH2, the majority of missense variants are currently classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of an automated patch-clamp assay for aiding clinical variant classification in KCNH2. The assay was designed according to recommendations proposed by the Clinical Genome Sequence Variant Interpretation Working Group. Thirty-one variants (17 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 14 benign/likely benign) were classified internally as variant controls. They were heterozygously expressed in Flp-In HEK293 cells for assessing the effects of variants on current density and channel gating in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. All 17 pathogenic variant controls had reduced current density, and 13 of 14 benign variant controls had normal current density, which enabled determination of normal and abnormal ranges for applying evidence of moderate or supporting strength for VUS reclassification. Inclusion of functional assay evidence enabled us to reclassify 6 out of 44 KCNH2 VUSs as likely pathogenic. The high-throughput patch-clamp assay can provide moderate-strength evidence for clinical interpretation of clinical KCNH2 variants and demonstrates the value of developing automated patch-clamp assays for functional characterization of ion channel gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jiang
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ebony Richardson
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Farr
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett M Kroncke
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate L Thomson
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chai-Ann Ng
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Ng CA, Ullah R, Farr J, Hill AP, Kozek KA, Vanags LR, Mitchell DW, Kroncke BM, Vandenberg JI. A massively parallel assay accurately discriminates between functionally normal and abnormal variants in a hotspot domain of KCNH2. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1208-1216. [PMID: 35688148 PMCID: PMC9300756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many genes, including KCNH2, contain "hotspot" domains associated with a high density of variants associated with disease. This has led to the suggestion that variant location can be used as evidence supporting classification of clinical variants. However, it is not known what proportion of all potential variants in hotspot domains cause loss of function. Here, we have used a massively parallel trafficking assay to characterize all single-nucleotide variants in exon 2 of KCNH2, a known hotspot for variants that cause long QT syndrome type 2 and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Forty-two percent of KCNH2 exon 2 variants caused at least 50% reduction in protein trafficking, and 65% of these trafficking-defective variants exerted a dominant-negative effect when co-expressed with a WT KCNH2 allele as assessed using a calibrated patch-clamp electrophysiology assay. The massively parallel trafficking assay was more accurate (AUC of 0.94) than bioinformatic prediction tools (REVEL and CardioBoost, AUC of 0.81) in discriminating between functionally normal and abnormal variants. Interestingly, over half of variants in exon 2 were found to be functionally normal, suggesting a nuanced interpretation of variants in this "hotspot" domain is necessary. Our massively parallel trafficking assay can provide this information prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Ann Ng
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Farr
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Krystian A Kozek
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Loren R Vanags
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Devyn W Mitchell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brett M Kroncke
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Kekenes-Huskey PM, Burgess DE, Sun B, Bartos DC, Rozmus ER, Anderson CL, January CT, Eckhardt LL, Delisle BP. Mutation-Specific Differences in Kv7.1 ( KCNQ1) and Kv11.1 ( KCNH2) Channel Dysfunction and Long QT Syndrome Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7389. [PMID: 35806392 PMCID: PMC9266926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) empowered clinician scientists to measure the electrical activity of the heart noninvasively to identify arrhythmias and heart disease. Shortly after the standardization of the 12-lead ECG for the diagnosis of heart disease, several families with autosomal recessive (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome) and dominant (Romano-Ward Syndrome) forms of long QT syndrome (LQTS) were identified. An abnormally long heart rate-corrected QT-interval was established as a biomarker for the risk of sudden cardiac death. Since then, the International LQTS Registry was established; a phenotypic scoring system to identify LQTS patients was developed; the major genes that associate with typical forms of LQTS were identified; and guidelines for the successful management of patients advanced. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms for LQTS associated with missense variants in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and KCNH2 (LQT2). We move beyond the "benign" to a "pathogenic" binary classification scheme for different KCNQ1 and KCNH2 missense variants and discuss gene- and mutation-specific differences in K+ channel dysfunction, which can predispose people to distinct clinical phenotypes (e.g., concealed, pleiotropic, severe, etc.). We conclude by discussing the emerging computational structural modeling strategies that will distinguish between dysfunctional subtypes of KCNQ1 and KCNH2 variants, with the goal of realizing a layered precision medicine approach focused on individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.E.B.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | | | - Ezekiel R. Rozmus
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.E.B.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Corey L. Anderson
- Cellular and Molecular Arrythmias Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.L.A.); (C.T.J.); (L.L.E.)
| | - Craig T. January
- Cellular and Molecular Arrythmias Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.L.A.); (C.T.J.); (L.L.E.)
| | - Lee L. Eckhardt
- Cellular and Molecular Arrythmias Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.L.A.); (C.T.J.); (L.L.E.)
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.E.B.); (E.R.R.)
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Lee C, Lynch T, Crittenden SL, Kimble J. Image-Based Single-Molecule Analysis of Notch-Dependent Transcription in Its Natural Context. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2472:131-149. [PMID: 35674897 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2201-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is crucial to animal development and homeostasis. Notch triggers the transcription of its target genes, which produce diverse outcomes depending on context. The high resolution and spatially precise assessment of Notch-dependent transcription is essential for understanding how Notch operates normally in its native context in vivo and how Notch defects lead to pathogenesis. Here we present biological and computational methods to assess Notch-dependent transcriptional activation in stem cells within their niche, focusing on germline stem cells in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Specifically, we describe visualization of single RNAs in fixed gonads using single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH), live imaging of transcriptional bursting in the intact organism using the MS2 system, and custom-made MATLAB codes, implementing new image processing algorithms to capture the spatiotemporal patterns of Notch-dependent transcriptional activation. These methods allow a powerful analysis of in vivo transcriptional activation and its dynamics in a whole tissue. Our methods can be adapted to essentially any tissue or cell type for any transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Tina Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah L Crittenden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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