Controlling Inflammation Through DNA Damage and Repair

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals differences in immune responses to copper ions in Sepia esculenta under high-temperature conditions

Sepia esculenta is one of the most abundant extant squid populations in Southeast Asia and is of interest due to its rapid reproductive rate and high commercial value. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization, issues such as global warming and heavy metal pollution in the oceans have emerged, posing a serious threat to the life activities of marine organisms. In this study, we used transcriptomic techniques to investigate the differences in Cu exposure immune responses in S. esculenta larvae under different temperature conditions. The enrichment of solute carrier family (SLC) genes and genes related to DNA replication and damage was significantly higher in the CuT group than in the Cu group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and autophagy pathways were enriched in the CuT group. Based on the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment results, we can preliminarily infer that the CuT group caused more severe disruption of intercellular ion transport and DNA replication and repair in larvae compared to the Cu group. This may have further interfered with the normal physiological activities of S. esculenta larvae. Overall, at high temperatures, Cu exposure induces a more intense inflammatory response. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for researchers to further understand the effects of environmental factors on the immunity of S. esculenta larvae, as well as preliminary insights into the enhanced toxic effects of metallic copper on aquatic organisms under high-temperature conditions.

Improvement in Epigenetic Aging Clock Induced by BioBran Containing Rice Kefiran in Relation to Various Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

Many lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer, dementia, myocardial infarction, and stroke are known to be caused by aging, and the WHO's ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition) created the code "aging-related" in 2022. In other words, aging is irreversible but aging-related diseases are reversible, so taking measures to treat them is important for health longevity and preventing other diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used BioBran containing rice kefiran as an approach to improve aging. Rice kefiran has been reported to improve the intestinal microflora, regulate the intestines, and have anti-aging effects. BioBran has also been reported to have antioxidant effects and improve liver function, and human studies have shown that it affects the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Quantitative measures of aging that correlate with disease risk are now available through the epigenetic clock test, which examines the entire gene sequence and determines biological age based on the methylation level. Horvath's Clock is the best known of many epigenetic clock tests and was published by Steve Horvath in 2013. In this study, we examine the effect of using Horvath's Clock to improve aging and report on the results, which show a certain effect.

OUP accepted manuscript

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.