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Yang Q, Su S, Luo N, Cao G. Adenine-induced animal model of chronic kidney disease: current applications and future perspectives. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2336128. [PMID: 38575340 PMCID: PMC10997364 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2336128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with high morbidity and mortality all over the world is characterized by decreased kidney function, a condition which can result from numerous risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of CKD, there are still no treatments that can effectively combat CKD, which underscores the urgent need for further study into the pathological mechanisms underlying this condition. In this regard, animal models of CKD are indispensable. This article reviews a widely used animal model of CKD, which is induced by adenine. While a physiologic dose of adenine is beneficial in terms of biological activity, a high dose of adenine is known to induce renal disease in the organism. Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by adenine, major mechanisms of adenine-induced CKD are then reviewed, including inflammation, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, metabolic disorders, and fibrillation. Finally, the application and future perspective of this adenine-induced CKD model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed. Given the simplicity and reproducibility of this animal model, it remains a valuable tool for studying the pathological mechanisms of CKD and identifying therapeutic targets to fight CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songya Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Jiang C, Yao D, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Chen M, Yim WY, Zheng Q, Zhang T, Fan L, Fan Z, Geng B, Tian R, Zhou T, Qiao W, Shi J, Li F, Xu L, Huang Y, Dong N. FOXO1 regulates RUNX2 ubiquitination through SMURF2 in calcific aortic valve disease. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103215. [PMID: 38810422 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) remains substantial while there is currently no medical therapy available. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including vascular calcification and atherosclerosis; however, its specific role in calcific aortic valve disease remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified FOXO1 significantly down-regulated in the aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) of calcified aortic valves by investigating clinical specimens and GEO database analysis. FOXO1 silencing or inhibition promoted VICs osteogenic differentiation in vitro and aortic valve calcification in Apoe-/- mice, respectively. We identified that FOXO1 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of RUNX2, which process was mainly mediated by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (SMURF2). Our discoveries unveil a heretofore unacknowledged mechanism involving the FOXO1/SMURF2/RUNX2 axis in CAVD, thereby proposing the potential therapeutic utility of FOXO1 or SMURF2 as viable strategies to impede the progression of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Dingyi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Wai Yen Yim
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Tailong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Bingchuan Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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3
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Tomey MI, Chyou JY. Management Considerations for Acute Coronary Syndromes in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:303-312. [PMID: 38451453 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Propensity of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to adverse outcomes of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) derives, in part, from imperfection in management. Dearth of data resulting from underrepresentation of patients with CKD in ACS trials and underuse of evidence-based testing and therapy compound biological risks inherent to CKD. We sought in this narrative review to critically appraise contemporary evidence and offer suggested approaches to practicing clinicians for the optimization of ACS management in patients with CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Updated multisociety chest pain guidelines emphasize the diversity of clinical presentations of ACS, pertinent to recognition of ACS in patients with CKD. Evolving tools to predict and prevent acute kidney injury complicating invasive management of ACS serve to support improved access to and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in CKD patients, who remain at elevated risk. Growth in use of radial access, advances in PCI quality, incorporation of intravascular imaging, and new options and insights in pharmacotherapy contribute to an evolving calculus of ischemic and bleeding risk in ACS with bearing on management in CKD patients. Key opportunities to improve outcomes of ACS for patients with CKD center on avoiding underuse of beneficial medical and invasive therapies; enhancing safety of therapies by leveraging evidence-based strategies to prevent acute kidney injury; and devoting specific effort to investigation of ACS management in the context of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Tomey
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Janice Y Chyou
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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4
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Lu KC, Hung KC, Liao MT, Shih LJ, Chao CT. Vascular Calcification Heterogeneity from Bench to Bedside: Implications for Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Considerations. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0289. [PMID: 38739930 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the ectopic deposition of calcium-containing apatite within vascular walls, exhibiting a high prevalence in older adults, and those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. VC is a subclinical cardiovascular risk trait that increases mortality and functional deterioration. However, effective treatments for VC remain largely unavailable despite multiple attempts. Part of this therapeutic nihilism results from the failure to appreciate the diversity of VC as a pathological complex, with unforeseeable variations in morphology, risk associates, and anatomical and molecular pathogenesis, affecting clinical management strategies. VC should not be considered a homogeneous pathology because accumulating evidence refutes its conceptual and content uniformity. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological sources of VC heterogeneity from the intersecting pathways and networks of cellular, subcellular, and molecular crosstalk. Part of these pathological connections are synergistic or mutually antagonistic. We then introduce clinical implications related to the VC heterogeneity concept. Even within the same individual, a specific artery may exhibit the strongest tendency for calcification compared with other arteries. The prognostic value of VC may only be detectable with a detailed characterization of calcification morphology and features. VC heterogeneity is also evident, as VC risk factors vary between different arterial segments and layers. Therefore, diagnostic and screening strategies for VC may be improved based on VC heterogeneity, including the use of radiomics. Finally, pursuing a homogeneous treatment strategy is discouraged and we suggest a more rational approach by diversifying the treatment spectrum. This may greatly benefit subsequent efforts to identify effective VC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Faculty Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Vondenhoff S, Schunk SJ, Noels H. Increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Herz 2024; 49:95-104. [PMID: 38416185 PMCID: PMC10917854 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-024-05235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of patients with CKD developing CVD is manifested already in the early stages of CKD development. The impact of declined kidney function on increased cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. This review discusses the impact of (a) traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension as well as (b) CKD-specific pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The latter include uremic toxins, post-translational modifications and uremic lipids, innate immune cell activation and inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased coagulation and altered platelet responses, vascular calcification, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) and sympathetic activation, as well as anemia. Unraveling the complex interplay of different risk factors, especially in the context of patient subcohorts, will help to find new therapeutic approaches in order to reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vondenhoff
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Biochemistry Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Research (AMICARE), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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6
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Turner ME, Beck L, Hill Gallant KM, Chen Y, Moe OW, Kuro-o M, Moe S, Aikawa E. Phosphate in Cardiovascular Disease: From New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:584-602. [PMID: 38205639 PMCID: PMC10922848 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a common feature in patients with impaired kidney function and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This phenomenon extends to the general population, whereby elevations of serum phosphate within the normal range increase risk; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is multifaceted, and many aspects are poorly understood. Less than 1% of total body phosphate is found in the circulation and extracellular space, and its regulation involves multiple organ cross talk and hormones to coordinate absorption from the small intestine and excretion by the kidneys. For phosphate to be regulated, it must be sensed. While mostly enigmatic, various phosphate sensors have been elucidated in recent years. Phosphate in the circulation can be buffered, either through regulated exchange between extracellular and cellular spaces or through chelation by circulating proteins (ie, fetuin-A) to form calciprotein particles, which in themselves serve a function for bulk mineral transport and signaling. Either through direct signaling or through mediators like hormones, calciprotein particles, or calcifying extracellular vesicles, phosphate can induce various cardiovascular disease pathologies: most notably, ectopic cardiovascular calcification but also left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as bone and kidney diseases, which then propagate phosphate dysregulation further. Therapies targeting phosphate have mostly focused on intestinal binding, of which appreciation and understanding of paracellular transport has greatly advanced the field. However, pharmacotherapies that target cardiovascular consequences of phosphate directly, such as vascular calcification, are still an area of great unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E. Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Beck
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, l’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sharon Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Clift CL, Blaser MC, Gerrits W, Turner ME, Sonawane A, Pham T, Andresen JL, Fenton OS, Grolman JM, Campedelli A, Buffolo F, Schoen FJ, Hjortnaes J, Muehlschlegel JD, Mooney DJ, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Langer R, Aikawa E. Intracellular proteomics and extracellular vesiculomics as a metric of disease recapitulation in 3D-bioprinted aortic valve arrays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9793. [PMID: 38416823 PMCID: PMC10901368 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), mechanosensitive valvular cells respond to fibrosis- and calcification-induced tissue stiffening, further driving pathophysiology. No pharmacotherapeutics are available to treat CAVD because of the paucity of (i) appropriate experimental models that recapitulate this complex environment and (ii) benchmarking novel engineered aortic valve (AV)-model performance. We established a biomaterial-based CAVD model mimicking the biomechanics of the human AV disease-prone fibrosa layer, three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted into 96-well arrays. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses probed the cellular proteome and vesiculome to compare the 3D-bioprinted model versus traditional 2D monoculture, against human CAVD tissue. The 3D-bioprinted model highly recapitulated the CAVD cellular proteome (94% versus 70% of 2D proteins). Integration of cellular and vesicular datasets identified known and unknown proteins ubiquitous to AV calcification. This study explores how 2D versus 3D-bioengineered systems recapitulate unique aspects of human disease, positions multiomics as a technique for the evaluation of high throughput-based bioengineered model systems, and potentiates future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Clift
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Willem Gerrits
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhijeet Sonawane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason L Andresen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua M Grolman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alesandra Campedelli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unite, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torin, Turin, Italy
| | - Frederick J Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jochen D Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Curaj A, Vanholder R, Loscalzo J, Quach K, Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Cardiovascular Consequences of Uremic Metabolites: an Overview of the Involved Signaling Pathways. Circ Res 2024; 134:592-613. [PMID: 38422175 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The crosstalk of the heart with distant organs such as the lung, liver, gut, and kidney has been intensively approached lately. The kidney is involved in (1) the production of systemic relevant products, such as renin, as part of the most essential vasoregulatory system of the human body, and (2) in the clearance of metabolites with systemic and organ effects. Metabolic residue accumulation during kidney dysfunction is known to determine cardiovascular pathologies such as endothelial activation/dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and vascular and valvular calcification, leading to hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathies. However, this review offers an overview of the uremic metabolites and details their signaling pathways involved in cardiorenal syndrome and the development of heart failure. A holistic view of the metabolites, but more importantly, an exhaustive crosstalk of their known signaling pathways, is important for depicting new therapeutic strategies in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Curaj
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Kaiseng Quach
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (A.C., K.Q., Z.W., V.J., J.J.)
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.J.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (J.J.)
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9
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Moldovan D, Rusu C, Potra A, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Kacso I. Food to Prevent Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:617. [PMID: 38474744 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is of paramount importance regarding the survival of CKD patients. VC is far from being controlled with actual medication; as a result, in recent years, diet modulation has become more compelling. The concept of medical nutritional therapy points out the idea that food may prevent or treat diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the influence of food habits and nutritional intervention in the occurrence and progression of VC in CKD. Evidence reports the harmfulness of ultra-processed food, food additives, and animal-based proteins due to the increased intake of high absorbable phosphorus, the scarcity of fibers, and the increased production of uremic toxins. Available data are more supportive of a plant-dominant diet, especially for the impact on gut microbiota composition, which varies significantly depending on VC presence. Magnesium has been shown to prevent VC but only in experimental and small clinical studies. Vitamin K has drawn considerable attention due to its activation of VC inhibitors. There are positive studies; unfortunately, recent trials failed to prove its efficacy in preventing VC. Future research is needed and should aim to transform food into a medical intervention to eliminate VC danger in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Potra
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Kazim M, Razian SA, Zamani E, Varandani D, Shahbad R, Desyatova A, Jadidi M. Variability in structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the descending thoracic and infrarenal aorta around their circumference. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106332. [PMID: 38160644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aortic diseases, such as aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and dissections, demonstrate a preferential development and progression around the aortic circumference, resulting in a highly heterogeneous disease state around the circumference. Differences in the aorta's structural composition and mechanical properties may be partly responsible for this phenomenon. Our goal in this study was to analyze the mechanical and structural properties of the human aorta at its lateral, anterior, posterior, and medial quadrants in two regions prone to circumferentially inhomogeneous diseases, descending Thoracic Aorta (TA) and Infrarenal Aorta (IFR). Human aortas were obtained from 10 donors (64 ± 11 years) and dissected from their loose surrounding tissue. Mechanical properties were determined in all four quadrants of TA and IFR using planar biaxial testing and fitted to three common constitutive models. The structure of tissues was assessed using Movat Pentachrome stained histology slides. We observed that the anterior quadrant exhibited the greatest thickness, followed by the lateral region, in both the TA and IFR. In TA, the posterior wall appeared as the stiffest location in most samples, while in IFR, the anterior wall was the stiffest. We observed a higher glycosaminoglycans content in the lateral and posterior regions of the IFR. We found elastin density to be similar in TA lateral, anterior, and posterior quadrants, while in IFR, the anterior region demonstrated the highest elastin density. Despite significant variations between subjects, this study highlights the distinct morphometrical, mechanical, and structural properties between the quadrants of both TA and IFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Kazim
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dheeraj Varandani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramin Shahbad
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Majid Jadidi
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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11
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Stack BC. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2024; 57:99-110. [PMID: 37634982 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) does not initiate as a primary dysfunction of parathyroid glands resulting from an intrinsic defect or disease but is the physiologic response of parathyroids to metabolic changes elsewhere in the body occurring over time. SHPT is a manifestation of a chronic condition that classically occurs from chronic kidney disease. In fact, given the relatively recent transition of populations from outside (agrarian) to indoor (industrial, information technology, and so forth) employment and a consequent reduction in sun exposure, combined with diets of highly processed food, vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are now the leading causes of SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS Southern Illinois University/SIU Medicine, 720 North Bond Street, PO Box 19662, Springfield, IL 62794-9662, USA.
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12
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Musolino M, D’Agostino M, Zicarelli M, Andreucci M, Coppolino G, Bolignano D. Spice Up Your Kidney: A Review on the Effects of Capsaicin in Renal Physiology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:791. [PMID: 38255865 PMCID: PMC10815060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the organic compound which attributes the spicy flavor and taste of red peppers and chili peppers, has been extensively studied for centuries as a potential natural remedy for the treatment of several illnesses. Indeed, this compound exerts well-known systemic pleiotropic effects and may thus bring important benefits against various pathological conditions like neuropathic pain, rhinitis, itching, or chronic inflammation. Yet, little is known about the possible biological activity of capsaicin at the kidney level, as this aspect has only been addressed by sparse experimental investigations. In this paper, we aimed to review the available evidence focusing specifically on the effects of capsaicin on renal physiology, as well as its potential benefits for the treatment of various kidney disorders. Capsaicin may indeed modulate various aspects of renal function and renal nervous activity. On the other hand, the observed experimental benefits in preventing acute kidney injury, slowing down the progression of diabetic and chronic kidney disease, ameliorating hypertension, and even delaying renal cancer growth may set the stage for future human trials of capsaicin administration as an adjuvant or preventive therapy for different, difficult-to-treat renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Musolino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.); (M.A.); (G.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Mario D’Agostino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.); (M.A.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.); (M.A.); (G.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.); (M.A.); (G.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Magna Graecia University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.); (M.A.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Kim JA, Kim SE, El Hachem K, Virk HUH, Alam M, Virani SS, Sharma S, House A, Krittanawong C. Medical Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Med 2023; 136:1147-1159. [PMID: 37380060 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality among this population. In addition, chronic kidney disease is a major risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease and is widely regarded as a coronary artery disease risk equivalent. Medical therapy is the cornerstone of coronary artery disease management in the general population. However, there are few trials to guide medical therapy of coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease, with most data extrapolated from clinical trials of mainly non-chronic kidney disease patients, which were not adequately powered to evaluate this subgroup. There is some evidence to suggest that the efficacy of certain therapies such as aspirin and statins is attenuated with declining estimated glomerular filtration rate, with questionable benefit among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Furthermore, chronic kidney disease and ESRD patients are at higher risk of potential side effects with therapy, which may limit their use. In this review, we summarize the available evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of medical therapy of coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease and ESRD patients. We also discuss the data on new emerging therapies, including PCSK9i, SGLT2i, GLP1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which show promise at reducing risk of cardiovascular events in the chronic kidney disease population and may offer additional treatment options. Overall, dedicated studies directly evaluating chronic kidney disease patients, particularly those with advanced chronic kidney disease and ESRD, are greatly needed to establish the optimal medical therapy for coronary artery disease and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitae A Kim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Seulgi E Kim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Karim El Hachem
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Texas Heart Institute and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Office of the Vice Provost (Research), The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samin Sharma
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory of the Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Andrew House
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, Ont, Canada
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14
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Turner ME, Aikawa E. Updating the paradigm: inflammation as a targetable modulator of medial vascular calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2259-2261. [PMID: 37875065 PMCID: PMC10597605 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Louis Pasteur Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Huang C, Duan Z, Xu C, Chen Y. Influence of sodium thiosulfate on coronary artery calcification of patients on dialysis: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2254569. [PMID: 37755153 PMCID: PMC10538455 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2254569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is common in dialysis patients and is associated with a higher risk of future cardiovascular events. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is effective for calciphylaxis in dialysis patients; however, the influence of STS on CAC in dialysis patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of STS on CAC in patients undergoing dialysis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to 22 March 2023 for controlled studies comparing the influence of STS versus usual care without STS on CAC scores in dialysis patients. A random effects model incorporating the potential influence of heterogeneity was used to pool the results. Nine studies, including two non-randomized studies and seven randomized controlled trials, were included in the meta-analysis. Among these, 365 patients on dialysis were included in the study. Compared with usual care without STS, intravenous STS for 3-6 months was associated with significantly reduced CAC scores (mean difference [MD] = -180.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -276.64 to -83.70, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis limited to studies of patients on hemodialysis showed similar results (MD: -167.33, 95% CI: -266.57 to -68.09, p = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses according to study design, sample size, mean age, sex, dialysis vintage of the patients, and treatment duration of STS also showed consistent results (p for subgroup differences all > 0.05). In conclusion, intravenous STS may be effective in attenuating CAC in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhibing Duan
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Cozzolino M, Maffei Faccioli F, Cara A, Boni Brivio G, Rivela F, Ciceri P, Magagnoli L, Galassi A, Barbuto S, Speciale S, Minicucci C, Cianciolo G. Future treatment of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2041-2057. [PMID: 37776230 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2266381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the global leading causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Vascular calcification (VC) is a major cause of CVD in this population and is the consequence of complex interactions between inhibitor and promoter factors leading to pathological deposition of calcium and phosphate in soft tissues. Different pathological landscapes are associated with the development of VC, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, loss of mineralization inhibitors, release of calcifying extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and circulating calcifying cells. AREAS COVERED In this review, we examined the literature and summarized the pathophysiology, biomarkers and focused on the treatments of VC. EXPERT OPINION Even though there is no consensus regarding specific treatment options, we provide the currently available treatment strategies that focus on phosphate balance, correction of vitamin D and vitamin K deficiencies, avoidance of both extremes of bone turnover, normalizing calcium levels and reduction of inflammatory response and the potential and promising therapeutic approaches liketargeting cellular mechanisms of calcification (e.g. SNF472, TNAP inhibitors).Creating novel scores to detect in advance VC and implementing targeted therapies is crucial to treat them and improve the future management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cozzolino
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Maffei Faccioli
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anila Cara
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Boni Brivio
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rivela
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Magagnoli
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galassi
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Barbuto
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Speciale
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Minicucci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Noels H, Jankowski J. Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease: Introduction to a Compendium. Circ Res 2023; 132:899-901. [PMID: 37053281 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (H.N., J.J.), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE) (H.N., J.J.), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry (H.N.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (H.N., J.J.), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE) (H.N., J.J.), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology (J.J.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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