1
|
Fang L, Jin J, Zhang Z, Yu S, Tian C, Luo F, Long M, Zuo H, Lou S. Antidote-controlled DNA aptamer modulates human factor IXa activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107463. [PMID: 38776649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis leads to elevated mortality rates and substantial medical expenses worldwide. Human factor IXa (HFIXa) protease is pivotal in tissue factor (TF)-mediated thrombin generation, and represents a promising target for anticoagulant therapy. We herein isolated novel DNA aptamers that specifically bind to HFIXa through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. We identified two distinct aptamers, seq 5 and seq 11, which demonstrated high binding affinity to HFIXa (Kd = 74.07 ± 2.53 nM, and 4.93 ± 0.15 nM, respectively). Computer software was used for conformational simulation and kinetic analysis of DNA aptamers and HFIXa binding. These aptamers dose-dependently prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in plasma. We further rationally optimized the aptamers by truncation and site-directed mutation, and generated the truncated forms (Seq 5-1t, Seq 11-1t) and truncated-mutated forms (Seq 5-2tm, Seq 11-2tm). They also showed good anticoagulant effects. The rationally and structurally designed antidotes (seq 5-2b and seq 11-2b) were competitively bound to the DNA aptamers and effectively reversed the anticoagulant effect. This strategy provides DNA aptamer drug-antidote pair with effective anticoagulation and rapid reversal, developing advanced therapies by safe, regulatable aptamer drug-antidote pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jin Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fukang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hua Zuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krissanaprasit A, Mihalko E, Meinhold K, Simpson A, Sollinger J, Pandit S, Dupont DM, Kjems J, Brown AC, LaBean TH. A functional RNA-origami as direct thrombin inhibitor with fast-acting and specific single-molecule reversal agents in vivo model. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00302-2. [PMID: 38720458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Injectable anticoagulants are widely used in medical procedures to prevent unwanted blood clotting. However, many lack safe, effective reversal agents. Here, we present new data on a previously described RNA origami-based, direct thrombin inhibitor (HEX01). We describe a new, fast-acting, specific, single-molecule reversal agent (antidote) and present in vivo data for the first time, including efficacy, reversibility, preliminary safety, and initial biodistribution studies. HEX01 contains multiple thrombin-binding aptamers appended on an RNA origami. It exhibits excellent anticoagulation activity in vitro and in vivo. The new single-molecule, DNA antidote (HEX02) reverses anticoagulation activity of HEX01 in human plasma within 30 s in vitro and functions effectively in a murine liver laceration model. Biodistribution studies of HEX01 in whole mice using ex vivo imaging show accumulation mainly in the liver over 24 h and with 10-fold lower concentrations in the kidneys. Additionally, we show that the HEX01/HEX02 system is non-cytotoxic to epithelial cell lines and non-hemolytic in vitro. Furthermore, we found no serum cytokine response to HEX01/HEX02 in a murine model. HEX01 and HEX02 represent a safe and effective coagulation control system with a fast-acting, specific reversal agent showing promise for potential drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Emily Mihalko
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Katherine Meinhold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Aryssa Simpson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jennifer Sollinger
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sanika Pandit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel M Dupont
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thomas H LaBean
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang M, Li C, Ye G, Shen C, Shi H, Zhong L, Tian Y, Zhao M, Wu P, Hussain A, Zhang T, Yang H, Yang J, Weng Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Gan L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Yang G, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Aptamers targeting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein exhibit potential anti pan-coronavirus activity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:40. [PMID: 38355661 PMCID: PMC10866937 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging and recurrent infectious diseases caused by human coronaviruses (HCoVs) continue to pose a significant threat to global public health security. In light of this ongoing threat, the development of a broad-spectrum drug to combat HCoVs is an urgently priority. Herein, we report a series of anti-pan-coronavirus ssDNA aptamers screened using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). These aptamers have nanomolar affinity with the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also show excellent binding efficiency to the N proteins of both SARS, MERS, HCoV-OC43 and -NL63 with affinity KD values of 1.31 to 135.36 nM. Such aptamer-based therapeutics exhibited potent antiviral activity against both the authentic SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and the Omicron variant (BA.5) with EC50 values at 2.00 nM and 41.08 nM, respectively. The protein docking analysis also evidenced that these aptamers exhibit strong affinities for N proteins of pan-coronavirus and other HCoVs (-229E and -HKU1). In conclusion, we have identified six aptamers with a high pan-coronavirus antiviral activity, which could potentially serve as an effective strategy for preventing infections by unknown coronaviruses and addressing the ongoing global health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoguo Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huiping Shi
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Requena MD, Yan A, Llanga T, Sullenger BA. Reversible Aptamer Staining, Sorting, and Cleaning of Cells (Clean FACS) with Antidote Oligonucleotide or Nuclease Yields Fully Responsive Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2024; 34:12-17. [PMID: 38285522 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to reverse the binding of aptamers to their target proteins has received considerable attention for developing controllable therapeutic agents. Recently, use of aptamers as reversible cell-sorting ligands has also sparked interest. Antibodies are currently utilized for isolating cells expressing a particular cell surface receptor. The inability to remove antibodies from isolated cells following sorting greatly limits their utility for many applications. Previously, we described how a particular aptamer-antidote oligonucleotide pair can isolate cells and clean them. Here, we demonstrate that this approach is generalizable; aptamers can simultaneously recognize more than one cell type during fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). Moreover, we describe a novel approach to reverse aptamer binding following cell sorting using a nuclease. This alternative strategy represents a cleaning approach that does not require the generation of antidote oligonucleotides for each aptamer and will greatly reduce the cost and expand the utility of Clean FACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Requena
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Yan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Telmo Llanga
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin Q, Zhang X, Liao S, Huang X, Wan CC, Wang Y. Potential anticoagulant of traditional chinese medicine and novel targets for anticoagulant drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154880. [PMID: 37267694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulants are the main drugs used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Currently, anticoagulant drugs are primarily multitarget heparin drugs, single-target FXa inhibitors and FIIa inhibitors. In addition, some traditional Chinese drugs also have anticoagulant effects, but they are not the main direction of treatment at present. But the anticoagulant drugs mentioned above, all have a common side effect is bleeding. Many other anticoagulation targets are under investigation. With further exploration of coagulation mechanism, how to further determine new anticoagulant targets and how to make traditional Chinese medicine play anticoagulant role have become a new field of exploration. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to summarize the recent research progress on coagulation mechanisms, new anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the study to 28 Feb 2023. Key words used in the literature search were "anticoagulation", "anticoagulant targets", "new targets", "coagulation mechanisms", "potential anticoagulant", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "Chinese medicine", "traditional Chinese medicine", "blood coagulation factor", keywords are linked with AND/OR. Recent findings on coagulation mechanisms, potential anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine were studied. RESULTS The active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Chuanxiong rhizoma, safflower and Panax notoginseng have obvious anticoagulant effects and can be used as potential anticoagulant drugs, but the risk of bleeding is unclear. TF/FVIIa, FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII, and FXIII have all been evaluated as targets in animal studies or clinical trials. FIX and FXI are the most studied anticoagulant targets, but FXI inhibitors have shown stronger advantages. CONCLUSION This review of potential anticoagulants provides a comprehensive resource. Literature analysis suggests that FXI inhibitors can be used as potential anticoagulant candidates. In addition, we should not ignore the anticoagulant effect of traditional Chinese medicine, and look forward to more research and the emergence of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Suqing Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Post-Harvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang 330045, PR. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu H, Frederiksen J, Sullenger BA. Applications and future of aptamers that achieve rapid-onset anticoagulation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:455-462. [PMID: 36697262 PMCID: PMC10019365 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079503.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this short Perspective, we discuss the history of, and recent progress toward, the development of aptamers that can serve as rapid onset anticoagulants during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and catheter-based diagnostic and interventional procedures, several million of which are performed each year worldwide. Aptamer anticoagulants provide potent and antidote-controllable anticoagulation and have low immunogenicity. New methods of aptamer isolation and engineering have not only improved the quality of aptamers, but also accelerated their development. Unfortunately, no aptamer identified to date can produce an anticoagulant effect as potent as that produced by unfractionated heparin (UFH), the standard anticoagulant for CPB. We have suggested several possible strategies to amplify the anticoagulant potency of existing aptamer anticoagulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - James Frederiksen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gray BP, Kelly L, Steen-Burrell KA, Layzer JM, Rempel RE, Nimjee SM, Cooley BC, Tarantal AF, Sullenger BA. Rapid molecular imaging of active thrombi in vivo using aptamer-antidote probes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:440-451. [PMID: 36817726 PMCID: PMC9930157 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathological blood clotting, or thrombosis, limits vital blood flow to organs; such deprivation can lead to catastrophic events including myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke. Prompt restoration of blood flow greatly improves outcomes. We explored whether aptamers could serve as molecular imaging probes to rapidly detect thrombi. An aptamer targeting thrombin, Tog25t, was found to rapidly localize to and visualize pre-existing clots in the femoral and jugular veins of mice using fluorescence imaging and, when circulating, was able to image clots as they form. Since free aptamer is quickly cleared from circulation, contrast is rapidly developed, allowing clot visualization within minutes. Moreover, administration of an antidote oligonucleotide further enhanced contrast development, causing the unbound aptamer to clear within 5min while impacting the clot-bound aptamer more slowly. These findings suggest that aptamers can serve as imaging agents for rapid detection of thrombi in acute care and perioperative settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Linsley Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Juliana M. Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel E. Rempel
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shahid M. Nimjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian C. Cooley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8542, USA
| | - Bruce A. Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin B, Guo Z, Chen Z, Chen H, Li S, Deng Y, Jin L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, He N. Aptamers in cancer therapy: problems and new breakthroughs. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1609-1627. [PMID: 36744587 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers, a class of oligonucleotides that can bind with molecular targets with high affinity and specificity, have been widely applied in research fields including biosensing, imaging, diagnosing, and therapy of diseases. However, compared with the rapid development in the research fields, the clinical application of aptamers is progressing at a much slower speed, especially in the therapy of cancer. Obstructions including nuclease degradation, renal clearance, a complex selection process, and potential side effects have inhibited the clinical transformation of aptamer-conjugated drugs. To overcome these problems, taking certain measures to improve the biocompatibility and stability of aptamer-conjugated drugs in vivo is necessary. In this review, the obstructions mentioned above are thoroughly discussed and the methods to overcome these problems are introduced in detail. Furthermore, landmark research works and the most recent studies on aptamer-conjugated drugs for cancer therapy are also listed as examples, and the future directions of research for aptamer clinical transformation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baijiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhukang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rolband LA, Ke W, Afonin KA. Aptamer Conjugated RNA/DNA Hybrid Nanostructures Designed for Efficient Regulation of Blood Coagulation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:277-286. [PMID: 37572288 PMCID: PMC10498824 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to the hemostatic pathway can cause a variety of serious or even life-threatening complications. Situations in which the coagulation of blood has become disturbed necessitate immediate care. Thrombin-binding aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that bind to thrombin with high specificity and affinity. While they can effectively inhibit thrombin, they suffer from rapid degradation and clearance in vivo. These issues are resolved, however, by attaching the therapeutic aptamer to a nucleic acid nanostructure. The increased size of the nanostructure-aptamer complex elongates the post-infusion half-life of the aptamer. These complexes are also immunoquiescent. A significant benefit of using nucleic acids as anticoagulants is their rapid deactivation by the introduction of a nanostructure made fully from the reverse complement of the therapeutically active nanostructure. These advantages make nanoparticle conjugated antithrombin aptamers a promising candidate for a rapidly reversible anticoagulant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Rolband
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Weina Ke
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ke W, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Saito RF, Rangel MC, de Souza Junqueira M, Wang J, Shi D, Truong N, Richardson M, Rolband LA, Dréau D, Bedocs P, Chammas R, Dokholyan NV, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Locking and Unlocking Thrombin Function Using Immunoquiescent Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles with Regulated Retention In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5961-5972. [PMID: 35786891 PMCID: PMC9511123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unbalanced coagulation of blood is a life-threatening event that requires accurate and timely treatment. We introduce a user-friendly biomolecular platform based on modular RNA-DNA anticoagulant fibers programmed for reversible extracellular communication with thrombin and subsequent control of anticoagulation via a "kill-switch" mechanism that restores hemostasis. To demonstrate the potential of this reconfigurable technology, we designed and tested a set of anticoagulant fibers that carry different thrombin-binding aptamers. All fibers are immunoquiescent, as confirmed in freshly collected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To assess interindividual variability, the anticoagulation is confirmed in the blood of human donors from the U.S. and Brazil. The anticoagulant fibers reveal superior anticoagulant activity and prolonged renal clearance in vivo in comparison to free aptamers. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of the "kill-switch" mechanism in vivo in murine and porcine models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Renata F Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Da Shi
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nguyen Truong
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Lewis A Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Peter Bedocs
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Roger Chammas
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab., Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hernández-Jiménez M, Martín-Vílchez S, Ochoa D, Mejía-Abril G, Román M, Camargo-Mamani P, Luquero-Bueno S, Jilma B, Moro MA, Fernández G, Piñeiro D, Ribó M, González VM, Lizasoain I, Abad-Santos F. First-in-human phase I clinical trial of a TLR4-binding DNA aptamer, ApTOLL: Safety and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:124-135. [PMID: 35402075 PMCID: PMC8938885 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ApTOLL is an aptamer that antagonizes Toll-like receptor 4 and improves functional outcomes in models of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to characterize the safety and pharmacokinetics of ApTOLL in healthy volunteers. A first-in-human dose-ascending, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial to assess safety and pharmacokinetics of ApTOLL (30-min infusion intravenously) was performed in 46 healthy adult male volunteers. The study was divided into two parts: part A included seven single ascending dose levels, and part B had one multiple dose cohort. Safety and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. No serious adverse events or biochemistry alterations were detected at any dose nor at any administration pattern studied. Maximum concentration was detected at the end of the infusion and mean half-life was 9.3 h. Interestingly, exposure increased in the first four levels receiving doses from 0.7 mg to 14 mg (AUC of 2,441.26 h∗ng/mL to 23,371.11 h∗ng/mL) but remained stable thereafter (mean of 23,184.61 h∗ng/mL after 70 mg). Consequently, the multiple dose study did not show any accumulation of ApTOLL. These results show an excellent safety and adequate pharmacokinetic profile that, together with the efficacy demonstrated in nonclinical studies, provide the basis to start clinical trials in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Hernández-Jiménez
- AptaTargets S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author AptaTargets S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ochoa
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Mejía-Abril
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Román
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Camargo-Mamani
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Luquero-Bueno
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - María A. Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerónimo Fernández
- Aptus Biotech S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Piñeiro
- AptaTargets S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- AptaTargets S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M. González
- Aptus Biotech S.L., Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 298, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reed CR, Bonadonna D, Otto JC, McDaniel CG, Chabata CV, Kuchibhatla M, Frederiksen J, Layzer JM, Arepally GM, Sullenger BA, Tracy ET. Aptamer-based factor IXa inhibition preserves hemostasis and prevents thrombosis in a piglet model of ECMO. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:524-534. [PMID: 35036063 PMCID: PMC8728519 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires anticoagulation to prevent clotting when the patient’s blood contacts the circuit. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) usually prevents clotting but can cause life-threatening bleeding. An anticoagulant that selectively inhibits the contact activation (intrinsic) pathway while sparing the tissue factor (extrinsic) pathway of coagulation might prevent clotting triggered by the circuit while permitting physiologic coagulation at surgical sites. DTRI-178 is an RNA anticoagulant aptamer conjugated to polyethylene glycol that increases its half-life in circulation. This aptamer is based on a previously described molecule (9.3t) that inhibits intrinsic tenase activity by binding to factor IXa on an exosite. Using a piglet model of pediatric venoarterial (VA) ECMO, we compared thromboprevention and blood loss using a single dose of DTRI-178 versus UFH. In each of five experiments, we subjected two litter-matched piglets, one anticoagulated with DTRI-178 and the other with UFH, to simultaneous 12-h periods of VA ECMO. Both anticoagulants achieved satisfactory and comparable thromboprotection. However, UFH piglets had increased surgical site bleeding and required significantly greater blood transfusion volumes than piglets anticoagulated with DTRI-178. Our results indicate that DTRI-178, an aptamer against factor IXa, may be feasible, safer, and result in fewer transfusions and clinical bleeding events in ECMO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Reed
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Corresponding author Christopher R. Reed, MD, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Desiree Bonadonna
- Extracorporeal Life Support, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James C. Otto
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Charlene Vongai Chabata
- Departments of Surgery; and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Frederiksen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juliana M. Layzer
- Duke University Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gowthami M. Arepally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A. Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Elisabeth T. Tracy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Health System, 2301 Erwin Road, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozer I, Pitoc GA, Layzer JM, Moreno A, Olson LB, Layzer KD, Hucknall AM, Sullenger BA, Chilkoti A. PEG-Like Brush Polymer Conjugate of RNA Aptamer That Shows Reversible Anticoagulant Activity and Minimal Immune Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107852. [PMID: 34994037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs. RNA aptamers are of significant therapeutic and clinical interest because their activity can be easily reversed in vivo-a useful feature that is difficult to achieve using other therapeutic modalities. Despite their therapeutic promise, RNA aptamers are limited by their poor blood circulation. The attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to RNA aptamers addresses this limitation. However, an RNA aptamer-PEG conjugate that is a reversible anticoagulant fails in a clinical trial due to the reactivity of the conjugate with pre-existing PEG antibodies and has cast a pall over PEGylation of aptamers and other biologics, despite its long history of utility in drug delivery. Here, PEG antibody-reactivity of this RNA aptamer is eliminated by conjugating it to a next-generation PEG-like brush polymer-poly[(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)] (POEGMA). The conjugate retained the drug's therapeutic action and the ability to be easily reversed. Importantly, this conjugate does not bind pre-existing PEG antibodies that are prevalent in humans and does not induce a humoral immune response against the polymer itself in mice. These findings suggest a path to rescuing the PEGylation of RNA therapeutics and vaccines from the deleterious side-effects of PEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - George A Pitoc
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Juliana M Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Angelo Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Kyle D Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Afosah DK, Ofori E, Mottamal M, Al-Horani RA. Factor IX(a) inhibitors: an updated patent review (2003-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:381-400. [PMID: 34991418 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2026926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulation with no bleeding complications is the current objective of drug discovery programs in the area of treating and/or preventing thromboembolism. Despite the promises of therapeutics targeting factors XI(a) and XII(a), none has been approved thus far. Clinically used thrombin- and/or factor Xa-based anticoagulants continue to be associated with a significant bleeding risk which limits their safe use in a broad range of thrombotic patients. Research findings in animals and humans indicate that it is possible to target factor IX(a) (FIX(a)) to achieve anticoagulation with a limited risk of bleeding. AREAS COVERED A review of patents literature has retrieved >35 patents on the development of molecules targeting FIX(a) since 2003. Small molecules, antibodies, and aptamers have been developed to target FIX(a) to potentially promote effective and safer anticoagulation. Most of these agents are in the pre-clinical development phase and few have been tested in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION FIX(a) system is being considered to develop new anticoagulants with fewer bleeding complications. Our survey indicates that the number of FIX(a)-targeting agents is mediocre. The agents under development are diverse. Although additional development is essential, moving one or more of these agents to the clinic will facilitate achieving better clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Afosah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, USA
| | - Edward Ofori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rami A Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang L, Wang M, Zhu Z, Chen S, Wu H, Yang Y, Che F, Li Q, Li H. A GD2-aptamer-mediated, self-assembling nanomedicine for targeted multiple treatments in neuroblastoma theranostics. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:732-748. [PMID: 34703655 PMCID: PMC8515170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because current mainstream anti-glycolipid GD2 therapeutics for neuroblastoma (NB) have limitations, such as severe adverse effects, improved therapeutics are needed. In this study, we developed a GD2 aptamer (DB99) and constructed a GD2-aptamer-mediated multifunctional nanomedicine (ANM) with effective, precise, and biocompatible properties, which functioned both as chemotherapy and as gene therapy for NB. DB99 can bind to GD2+ NB tumor cells but has minimal cross-reactivity to GD2− cells. Furthermore, ANM is formulated by self-assembly of synthetic aptamers DB99 and NB-specific MYCN small interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by self-loading of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox). ANM is capable of specifically recognizing, binding, and internalizing GD2+, but not GD2−, NB tumor cells in vitro. Intracellular delivery of ANM activates Dox release for chemotherapy and MYCN-siRNA-induced MYCN silencing. ANM specifically targets, and selectively accumulates in, the GD2+ tumor site in vivo and further induces growth inhibition of GD2+ tumors in vivo; in addition, ANM generates fewer or no side effects in healthy tissues, resulting in markedly longer survival with fewer adverse effects. These results suggest that the GD2-aptamer-mediated, targeted drug delivery system may have potential applications for precise treatment of NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengquan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, Shaanixi, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of clinical laboratory, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Selection and Characterization of Vimentin-Binding Aptamer Motifs for Ovarian Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216525. [PMID: 34770931 PMCID: PMC8588432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of aptamers in biomedicine is emerging as an essential technology in the field of cancer research. As small single-stranded DNA or RNA ligands with high specificity and low immunogenicity for their targets, aptamers provide many advantages in cancer therapeutics over protein-based molecules, such as antibodies. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that is overexpressed in endothelial cells of cancerous tissue. High expression levels of vimentin have been associated with increased capacity for migration and invasion of the tumor cells. We have selected and identified thioated aptamers with high specificity for vimentin using human ovarian cancer tissues. Tentative binding motifs were chosen for two vimentin aptamers based on predicted secondary structures. Each of these shorter, tentative binding motifs was synthesized, purified, and characterized via cell binding assays. Two vimentin binding motifs with high fidelity binding were selected and further characterized via cell and tissue binding assays, as well as flow cytometric analysis. The equilibrium binding constants of these small thioated aptamer constructs were also determined. Future applications for the vimentin binding aptamer motifs include conjugation of the aptamers to synthetic dyes for use in targeted imaging and therapy, and ultimately more detailed and precise monitoring of treatment response and tumor progression in ovarian pathology.
Collapse
|
17
|
Overview of the Therapeutic Potential of Aptamers Targeting Coagulation Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083897. [PMID: 33918821 PMCID: PMC8069679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that bind target molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers exhibit several notable advantages over protein-based therapeutics. Aptamers are non-immunogenic, easier to synthesize and modify, and can bind targets with greater affinity. Due to these benefits, aptamers are considered a promising therapeutic candidate to treat various conditions, including hematological disorders and cancer. An active area of research involves developing aptamers to target blood coagulation factors. These aptamers have the potential to treat cardiovascular diseases, blood disorders, and cancers. Although no aptamers targeting blood coagulation factors have been approved for clinical use, several aptamers have been evaluated in clinical trials and many more have demonstrated encouraging preclinical results. This review summarized our knowledge of the aptamers targeting proteins involved in coagulation, anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, their extensive applications as therapeutics and diagnostics tools, and the challenges they face for advancing to clinical use.
Collapse
|
18
|
An Aptamer for Broad Cancer Targeting and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113217. [PMID: 33142831 PMCID: PMC7694147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent efforts to improve chemotherapy’s antitumor effects have increasingly focused on targeted therapies, where the drug is modified with an agent able to specifically deliver it to the tumor while limiting its accumulation in normal tissue. Aptamers, comprised of short pieces of RNA or DNA, are ideal for this type of drug targeting due in part to their ease of chemical synthesis. The E3 aptamer was previously conjugated to highly toxic chemotherapeutics and shown to target and treat prostate tumors. Here, we show that E3 is not limited to prostate cancer targeting but appears to broadly target cancer cells. E3 highly toxic drug conjugates also efficiently kill a broad range of cancer types, and E3 targets tumors that closely model patient tumors. Thus, the E3 aptamer appears to be a general agent for specific delivery of chemotherapy to tumors and should improve antitumor treatment while reducing unwanted toxicities in other tissues. Abstract Recent advances in chemotherapy treatments are increasingly targeted therapies, with the drug conjugated to an antibody able to deliver it directly to the tumor. As high-affinity chemical ligands that are much smaller in size, aptamers are ideal for this type of drug targeting. Aptamer-highly toxic drug conjugates (ApTDCs) based on the E3 aptamer, selected on prostate cancer cells, target and inhibit prostate tumor growth in vivo. Here, we observe that E3 also broadly targets numerous other cancer types, apparently representing a universal aptamer for cancer targeting. Accordingly, ApTDCs formed by conjugation of E3 to the drugs monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) efficiently target and kill a range of different cancer cells. Notably, this targeting extends to both patient-derived explant (PDX) cancer cell lines and tumors, with the E3 MMAE and MMAF conjugates inhibiting PDX cell growth in vitro and with the E3 aptamer targeting PDX colorectal tumors in vivo.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao N, Xiang Q, Liu Z, Zhao X, Cui Y. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis' Role in Design of Phase ⅠClinical Trials of Anticoagulant Agents: A Systematic Review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1191-1202. [PMID: 33023366 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1831914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There remains an unmet need for better anticoagulants. The phase I clinical trial is of great significance in the development of anticoagulants, and the design is special. This system review aims to provide insights for the design of future phase I clinical trials of anticoagulants. AREAS COVERED We searched the database PubMed and ClinicalTrail.gov website, to collate the phase I clinical trial of anticoagulants in healthy people. The study protocol, inclusion-exclusion criteria, safety, and pharmacodynamic indexes were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION New anticoagulants under development focused on inhibiting one or more than one serine proteases within the coagulation cascade. Agents targeting intrinsic factors are in the pipeline of the drug development. The enrollment eligibility criteria have more restrictions on laboratory tests, medical history, or medication history related to bleeding and coagulation; more precautions were taken to assess and minimize the risk of hemorrhagic events. Pharmacodynamics markers were evaluated as a surrogate marker of anticoagulation potency to guide further dose selection in drug's development. In future, the positive control study can be applied in phase I studies of new anticoagulants with appropriate pharmacodynamics markers, which can provide more favorable information on making 'go/no' decision in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nimjee SM, Sullenger BA. Therapeutic Aptamers: Evolving to Find their Clinical Niche. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4181-4193. [PMID: 31573879 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191001125101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery that short oligonucleotides, termed aptamers, can fold into three-dimensional structures that allow them to selectively bind and inhibit the activity of pathogenic proteins is now over 25 years old. The invention of the SELEX methodology heralded in an era in which such nucleic acid-based ligands could be generated against a wide variety of therapeutic targets. RESULTS A large number of aptamers have now been identified by combinatorial chemistry methods in the laboratory and moreover, an increasing number have been discovered in nature. The affinities and activities of such aptamers have often been compared to that of antibodies, yet only a few of these agents have made it into clinical studies compared to a large and increasing number of therapeutic antibodies. One therapeutic aptamer targeting VEGF has made it to market, while 3 others have advanced as far as phase III clinical trials. CONCLUSION In this manuscript, we hope the reader appreciates that the success of aptamers becoming a class of drugs is less about nucleic acid biochemistry and more about target validation and overall drug chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid M Nimjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar Kulabhusan P, Hussain B, Yüce M. Current Perspectives on Aptamers as Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Agents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E646. [PMID: 32659966 PMCID: PMC7407196 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences selected from combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries through the well-known in vitro selection and iteration process, SELEX. The last three decades have witnessed a sudden boom in aptamer research, owing to their unique characteristics, like high specificity and binding affinity, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and ease in synthesis with negligible batch-to-batch variation. Aptamers can specifically bind to the targets ranging from small molecules to complex structures, making them suitable for a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In analytical scenarios, aptamers are used as molecular probes instead of antibodies. They have the potential in the detection of biomarkers, microorganisms, viral agents, environmental pollutants, or pathogens. For therapeutic purposes, aptamers can be further engineered with chemical stabilization and modification techniques, thus expanding their serum half-life and shelf life. A vast number of antagonistic aptamers or aptamer-based conjugates have been discovered so far through the in vitro selection procedure. However, the aptamers face several challenges for its successful clinical translation, and only particular aptamers have reached the marketplace so far. Aptamer research is still in a growing stage, and a deeper understanding of nucleic acid chemistry, target interaction, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics is required. In this review, we discussed aptamers in the current diagnostics and theranostics applications, while addressing the challenges associated with them. The report also sheds light on the implementation of aptamer conjugates for diagnostic purposes and, finally, the therapeutic aptamers under clinical investigation, challenges therein, and their future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Babar Hussain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Meral Yüce
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou L, Wang S, Yu Q, Wei S, Liu M, Wei J, Huang Y, Huang X, Li P, Qin Q. Characterization of Novel Aptamers Specifically Directed to Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus (RGNNV)-Infected Cells for Mediating Targeted siRNA Delivery. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:660. [PMID: 32425897 PMCID: PMC7203557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral nervous necrosis, the most devastating disease in more than 50 fish species worldwide, with massive mortality rates up to 100%, resulting in great economic losses to mariculture. However, few methods are available for the efficient diagnosis and treatment of viral nervous necrosis. Aptamers are molecular recognition ligands characterized by their remarkably high specificity and affinity, great stability, and ease of synthesis, and have been widely studied in application of disease diagnosis and therapies. In this study, we generated three aptamers against red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV)-infected grouper brain (GB) cells using the Cell-SELEX (cell based-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technology. The selected aptamers formed stable stem-loop structures, and could specifically recognize RGNNV-infected GB cells, with calculated dissociation constants (Kd) of 27.96, 29.3, and 59.5 nM for aptamers GBN2, GBN10, and GBN34, respectively. They also recognized RGNNV-infected brain tissues. The three aptamers were non-toxic and showed antiviral activities both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry also demonstrated that aptamer GBN34 could be efficiently and specifically internalized into RGNNV-infected GB cells. The targeted cellular delivery of aptamer-small interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugates remarkably inhibited RGNNV infection in GB cells. The efficiency of the aptamer-based targeted delivery system was about 75% reduction in infection after 48 h, which was similar to that of transfection. These aptamers have great potential utility in the rapid diagnosis and inhibition of RGNNV infection in mariculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shina Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Therapeutic strategies for thrombosis: new targets and approaches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:333-352. [PMID: 32132678 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants are a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, despite advances in antithrombotic therapy, a fundamental challenge is the side effect of bleeding. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of haemostasis and thrombosis has revealed new targets for attenuating thrombosis with the potential for less bleeding, including glycoprotein VI on platelets and factor XIa of the coagulation system. The efficacy and safety of new agents are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. This Review provides an overview of haemostasis and thrombosis, details the current landscape of antithrombotic agents, addresses challenges with preventing thromboembolic events in patients at high risk and describes the emerging therapeutic strategies that may break the inexorable link between antithrombotic therapy and bleeding risk.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gray BP, Requena MD, Nichols MD, Sullenger BA. Aptamers as Reversible Sorting Ligands for Preparation of Cells in Their Native State. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:232-244.e7. [PMID: 31879266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although antibodies are routinely used to label and isolate a desired cell type from a more complex mixture of cells, via either fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), such antibody labeling is not easily reversible. We describe an FACS and MACS compatible method to reversibly label and purify cells using aptamers. Magnetic beads loaded with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-binding antagonistic aptamer E07 specifically isolated EGFR-expressing cells, and pure, label-free cells were recovered via treatment with an "antidote" oligonucleotide complementary to the aptamer. Additionally, while FACS sorting cells with E07 or EGFR antibody yielded EGFR(+) cells with impeded EGFR signaling, stripping off the aptamer via antidote treatment restored receptor function, returning cells to their native state, which was not possible with the antibody. The ability to reversibly label or isolate cells without compromising their function is a valuable, versatile tool with important implications for both the laboratory and clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin D Requena
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael D Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ponce AT, Hong KL. A Mini-Review: Clinical Development and Potential of Aptamers for Thrombotic Events Treatment and Monitoring. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030055. [PMID: 31357413 PMCID: PMC6784064 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique opportunity for aptamer uses in thrombotic events has sparked a considerable amount of research in the area. The short half-lives of unmodified aptamers in vivo remain one of the major challenges in therapeutic aptamers. Much of the incremental successful therapeutic aptamer stories were due to modifications in the aptamer bases. This mini-review briefly summarizes the successes and challenges in the clinical development of aptamers for thrombotic events, and highlights some of the most recent developments in using aptamers for anticoagulation monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Ponce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Ka Lok Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Troisi R, Napolitano V, Spiridonova V, Russo Krauss I, Sica F. Several structural motifs cooperate in determining the highly effective anti-thrombin activity of NU172 aptamer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:12177-12185. [PMID: 30357392 PMCID: PMC6294562 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aptamers are very promising alternative to antibodies, very few of them are under clinical trials or are used as drugs. Among them, NU172 is currently in Phase II as anticoagulant in heart disease treatments. It inhibits thrombin activity much more effectively than TBA, the best-known thrombin binding aptamer. The crystal structure of thrombin-NU172 complex reveals a bimodular duplex/quadruplex architecture for the aptamer, which binds thrombin exosite I through a highly complementary surface involving all three loops of the G-quadruplex module. Although the duplex domain does not interact directly with thrombin, the features of the duplex/quadruplex junction and the solution data on two newly designed NU172 mutants indicate that the duplex moiety is important for the optimization of the protein-ligand interaction and for the inhibition of the enzyme activity. Our work discloses the structural features determining the inhibition of thrombin by NU172 and put the basis for the design of mutants with improved properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Troisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Vera Spiridonova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80126, Italy.,CSGI - Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moreno A, Pitoc GA, Ganson NJ, Layzer JM, Hershfield MS, Tarantal AF, Sullenger BA. Anti-PEG Antibodies Inhibit the Anticoagulant Activity of PEGylated Aptamers. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:634-644.e3. [PMID: 30827937 PMCID: PMC6707742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have become increasingly attractive therapeutic agents and are often PEGylated to enhance their pharmacokinetics and reduce their immunogenicity. However, recent human clinical trials have demonstrated that administration of PEGylated compounds can evoke anti-PEG antibodies. Considering the ubiquity of PEG in commercial products and the presence of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies in patients in large clinical trials evaluating a PEG-modified aptamer, we investigated how anti-PEG antibodies effect the therapeutic activities of PEGylated RNA aptamers. We demonstrate that anti-PEG antibodies can directly bind to and inhibit anticoagulant aptamer function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in parallel studies we detected the presence of anti-PEG antibodies in nonhuman primates after a single administration of a PEGylated aptamer. Our results suggest that anti-PEG antibodies can limit the activity of PEGylated drugs and potentially compromise the activity of otherwise effective therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Moreno
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology graduate program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nancy J. Ganson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliana M. Layzer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, NHLBI Center for Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Disease, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A. Sullenger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology graduate program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Contact Info: Corresponding Author and Lead Contact:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Introduction: PEGylation is a well-established technology for improving the therapeutic value of drugs by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG). The first PEGylated enzyme products appeared on the market in the early 1990s; currently, more than 18 PEGylated products have been approved by Food and Drug Administration, which encompass various classes of drug molecules, such as enzymes, interferons, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, hormones, antibody fragments, coagulation factors, oligonucleotide aptamers, synthetic peptides, and small organic molecules. Areas covered: While PEGylated products mainly comprise biologic drugs, such as recombinant proteins and enzymes, non-biologic drugs have recently emerged as a target for PEGylation. This review focuses on the recent development of PEGylated non-biologic drugs, such as small organic molecules, synthetic peptides, and aptamers. Expert opinion: Several PEGylated versions of anti-cancer drugs, opioid agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and oligonucleotide aptamers are in active development stage, and it is likely that they will have a dramatic impact on the market. Although some safety concerns about PEG in clinical trials have been recently issued, PEGylation is still a commercially attractive proposition as a half-life extension technology for long-acting drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Park
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b D&D Pharmatech , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Choi
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Choon Lee
- b D&D Pharmatech , Seongnam , Republic of Korea.,c College of Pharmacy , SungKyunKwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the selection of the first thrombin-binding aptamer in 1992, the use of nucleic acid aptamers to target specific coagulation factors has emerged as a valuable approach for generating novel anticoagulant and procoagulant therapeutics. Herein, we highlight the most recent discoveries involving application of aptamers for those purposes. RECENT FINDINGS Learning from the successes and pitfalls of the FIXa-targeting aptamer pegnivacogin in preclinical and clinical studies, the latest efforts to develop antidote-controllable anticoagulation strategies for cardiopulmonary bypass that avoid unfractionated heparin involve potentiation of the exosite-binding factor X (FX)a aptamer 11F7t by combination with either a small molecule FXa catalytic site inhibitor or a thrombin aptamer. Recent work has also focused on identifying aptamer inhibitors of contact pathway factors such as FXIa and kallikrein, which may prove to be well tolerated and effective antithrombotic agents in certain clinical settings. Finally, new approaches to develop procoagulant aptamers to control bleeding associated with hemophilia and other coagulopathies involve targeting activated protein C and tissue plasminogen activator. SUMMARY Overall, these recent findings exemplify the versatility of aptamers to modulate a variety of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, along with their capacity to be used complementarily with other aptamers or drugs for wide-ranging applications.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide despite significant scientific and therapeutic advances. Therefore, there is a critical need to improve stroke prevention and treatment. In this review, we describe several examples that leverage nucleic acid therapeutics to improve stroke care through prevention, acute treatment, and recovery. Aptamer systems are under development to increase the safety and efficacy of antithrombotic and thrombolytic treatment, which represent the mainstay of medical stroke therapy. Antisense oligonucleotide therapy has shown some promise in treating stroke causes that are genetically determined and resistant to classic prevention approaches such as elevated lipoprotein (a) and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Targeting microRNAs may be attractive because they regulate factors involved in neuronal cell death and reperfusion-associated injury, as well as neurorestorative pathways. Lastly, microRNAs may aid reliable etiologic classification of stroke subtypes, which is important for effective secondary stroke prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Yunis Mayasi
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan KX, Pan S, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK. Cardiovascular therapies utilizing targeted delivery of nanomedicines and aptamers. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:413-425. [PMID: 30660748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular ailments are the foremost trigger of death in the world today, including myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases. To date, extraordinary measures have been prescribed, from the perspectives of both conventional medical therapies and surgeries, to enforce cardiac cell regeneration post cardiac traumas, albeit with limited long-term success. The prospects of successful heart transplants are also grim, considering exorbitant costs and unavailability of suitable donors in most cases. From the perspective of cardiac revascularization, use of nanoparticles and nanoparticle mediated targeted drug delivery have garnered substantial attention, attributing to both active and passive heart targeting, with enhanced target specificity and sensitivity. This review focuses on this aspect, while outlining the progress in targeted delivery of nanomedicines in the prognosis and subsequent therapy of cardiovascular disorders, and recapitulating the benefits and intrinsic challenges associated with the incorporation of nanoparticles. This article categorically provides an overview of nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery systems and their implications in handling cardiovascular diseases, including their intrinsic benefits and encountered procedural trials and challenges. Additionally, the solicitations of aptamers in targeted drug delivery with identical objectives, are presented. This includes a detailed appraisal on various aptamer-navigated nanoparticle targeted delivery platforms in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular maladies. Despite a few impending challenges, subject to additional investigations, both nanoparticles as well as aptamers show a high degree of promise, and pose as the next generation of drug delivery vehicles, in targeted cardiovascular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Xian Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, 98009 Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, 98009 Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu G, Chen X. Aptamer-based targeted therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:65-78. [PMID: 30125604 PMCID: PMC6239901 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine holds great promise to harness genetic and epigenetic cues for targeted treatment of a variety of diseases, ranging from many types of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, to cardiovascular diseases. The proteomic profiles resulting from the unique genetic and epigenetic signatures represent a class of relatively well accessible molecular targets for both interrogation (e.g., diagnosis, prognosis) and intervention (e.g., targeted therapy) of these diseases. Aptamers are promising for such applications by specific binding with cognate disease biomarkers. Nucleic acid aptamers are a class of DNA or RNA with unique three-dimensional conformations that allow them to specifically bind with target molecules. Aptamers can be relatively easily screened, reproducibly manufactured, programmably designed, and chemically modified for various biomedical applications, including targeted therapy. Aptamers can be chemically modified to resist enzymatic degradation or optimize their pharmacological behaviors, which ensured their chemical integrity and bioavailability under physiological conditions. In this review, we will focus on recent progress and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the research areas of aptamer-based targeted therapy in the forms of aptamer therapeutics and aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Röthlisberger P, Hollenstein M. Aptamer chemistry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:3-21. [PMID: 29626546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules capable of tightly binding to specific targets. These functional nucleic acids are obtained by an in vitro Darwinian evolution method coined SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Compared to their proteinaceous counterparts, aptamers offer a number of advantages including a low immunogenicity, a relative ease of large-scale synthesis at affordable costs with little or no batch-to-batch variation, physical stability, and facile chemical modification. These alluring properties have propelled aptamers into the forefront of numerous practical applications such as the development of therapeutic and diagnostic agents as well as the construction of biosensing platforms. However, commercial success of aptamers still proceeds at a weak pace. The main factors responsible for this delay are the susceptibility of aptamers to degradation by nucleases, their rapid renal filtration, suboptimal thermal stability, and the lack of functional group diversity. Here, we describe the different chemical methods available to mitigate these shortcomings. Particularly, we describe the chemical post-SELEX processing of aptamers to include functional groups as well as the inclusion of modified nucleoside triphosphates into the SELEX protocol. These methods will be illustrated with successful examples of chemically modified aptamers used as drug delivery systems, in therapeutic applications, and as biosensing devices.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kovacevic KD, Gilbert JC, Jilma B. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of aptamers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:36-50. [PMID: 30321620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are synthetic molecules structured as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be designed to mimic the functional properties of monoclonal antibodies. They bind to the target molecules (typically soluble or cell-bound proteins) with high affinity (with picomolar to low nanomolar range) and specificity, and therefore can be an alternative to therapeutic antibodies or peptide ligands. This paper reviews published data regarding pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of aptamers from preclinical and clinical studies. Aptamers have been developed for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, macular degeneration,g cardiovascular disease, diabetes and anaemia of chronic diseases. There are several preclinical studies with unmodified aptamers, but the vast majority of aptamer trials in humans have been conducted with modified aptamers, because unmodified aptamers demonstrate metabolic instability, as well as rapid renal filtration and elimination. Various strategies have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of aptamers. Aside from chemical modification of nucleotides in order to stabilize them against nuclease degradation, the main modification to extend the half-life is pegylation. Therefore, the process of pegylation as well as its benefits and possible shortcomings will briefly be discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaur H, Bruno JG, Kumar A, Sharma TK. Aptamers in the Therapeutics and Diagnostics Pipelines. Theranostics 2018; 8:4016-4032. [PMID: 30128033 PMCID: PMC6096388 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can selectively bind to small molecular ligands or protein targets with high affinity and specificity, by acquiring unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers have the advantage of being highly specific, relatively small in size, non-immunogenic and can be easily stabilized by chemical modifications, thus allowing expansion of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Since the invention of aptamers in the early 1990s, great efforts have been made to make them clinically relevant for diseases like macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, owing to the aforementioned advantages and unique adaptability of aptamers to point-of-care platforms, aptamer technology has created a stable niche in the field of in vitro diagnostics by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses. The aim of this review is to give an overview on aptamers, highlight the inherent therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities and challenges associated with them and present various aptamers that have reached therapeutic clinical trials, diagnostic markets or that have immediate translational potential for therapeutics and diagnostics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John G. Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, 4100 NW Loop 410, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tunable cytotoxic aptamer-drug conjugates for the treatment of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4761-4766. [PMID: 29666232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717705115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies that can eliminate both local and metastatic prostate tumor lesions while sparing normal organ tissue are desperately needed. With the goal of developing an improved drug-targeting strategy, we turned to a new class of targeted anticancer therapeutics: aptamers conjugated to highly toxic chemotherapeutics. Cell selection for aptamers with prostate cancer specificity yielded the E3 aptamer, which internalizes into prostate cancer cells without targeting normal prostate cells. Chemical conjugation of E3 to the drugs monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) yields a potent cytotoxic agent that efficiently kills prostate cancer cells in vitro but does not affect normal prostate epithelial cells. Importantly, the E3 aptamer targets tumors in vivo and treatment with the MMAF-E3 conjugate significantly inhibits prostate cancer growth in mice, demonstrating the in vivo utility of aptamer-drug conjugates. Additionally, we report the use of antidotes to block E3 aptamer-drug conjugate cytotoxicity, providing a safety switch in the unexpected event of normal cell killing in vivo.
Collapse
|
37
|
Angelbello AJ, Chen JL, Childs-Disney JL, Zhang P, Wang ZF, Disney MD. Using Genome Sequence to Enable the Design of Medicines and Chemical Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1599-1663. [PMID: 29322778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in genome sequencing technology has put us firmly into a postgenomic era. A key challenge in biomedical research is harnessing genome sequence to fulfill the promise of personalized medicine. This Review describes how genome sequencing has enabled the identification of disease-causing biomolecules and how these data have been converted into chemical probes of function, preclinical lead modalities, and ultimately U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. In particular, we focus on the use of oligonucleotide-based modalities to target disease-causing RNAs; small molecules that target DNA, RNA, or protein; the rational repurposing of known therapeutic modalities; and the advantages of pharmacogenetics. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in the direct utilization of genome sequence to enable design of medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Angelbello
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jonathan L Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L Childs-Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dimitropoulos G, Rahim SMZ, Moss AS, Lip GYH. New anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation: what the future holds. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 27:71-86. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1416090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Dimitropoulos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. M. Zubair Rahim
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Sophie Moss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that bind to and inhibit proteins and are commonly produced by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers undergo extensive pharmacological revision, which alters affinity, specificity, and therapeutic half-life, tailoring each drug for a specific clinical need. The first therapeutic aptamer was described 25 years ago. Thus far, one aptamer has been approved for clinical use, and numerous others are in preclinical or clinical development. This review presents a short history of aptamers and SELEX, describes their pharmacological development and optimization, and reviews potential treatment of diseases including visual disorders, thrombosis, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid M Nimjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
| | - Rebekah R White
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705;
| | - Richard C Becker
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267;
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705; .,Duke Translational Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Resende R, Torres H, Yuahasi K, Majumder P, Ulrich H. Delivery Systems for in Vivo use of Nucleic Acid Drugs. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H.A.M. Torres
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - K.K. Yuahasi
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Present address
| | - P Majumder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - H Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mustonen EK, Palomäki T, Pasanen M. Oligonucleotide-based pharmaceuticals: Non-clinical and clinical safety signals and non-clinical testing strategies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:328-341. [PMID: 28966105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and aptamers are oligonucleotide-based pharmaceuticals with a promising role in targeted therapies. Currently, five oligonucleotide-based pharmaceuticals have achieved marketing authorization in Europe or USA and many more are undergoing clinical testing. However, several safety concerns have been raised in non-clinical and clinical studies. Oligonucleotides share properties with both chemical and biological pharmaceuticals and therefore they pose challenges also from the regulatory point of view. We have analyzed the safety data of oligonucleotides and evaluated the applicability of current non-clinical toxicological guidelines for assessing the safety of oligonucleotide-based pharmaceuticals. Oligonucleotide-based pharmaceuticals display a similar toxicological profile, exerting adverse effects on liver and kidney, evoking hematological alterations, as well as causing immunostimulation and prolonging the coagulation time. It is possible to extrapolate some of these effects from non-clinical studies to humans. However, evaluation strategies for genotoxicity testing of "non-natural" oligonucleotides should be revised. Additionally, the selective use of surrogates and prediction of clinical endpoints for non-clinically observed immunostimulation is complicated by its multiple potential manifestations, demanding improvements in the testing strategies. Utilizing more relevant and mechanistic-based approaches and taking better account of species differences, could possibly improve the prediction of relevant immunological/proinflammatory effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enni-Kaisa Mustonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Markku Pasanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gómez-Outes A, García-Fuentes M, Suárez-Gea ML. Discovery methods of coagulation-inhibiting drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1195-1205. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1384811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Outes
- Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Drug Evaluation, Medicines for Human Use, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Minerva García-Fuentes
- Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Drug Evaluation, Medicines for Human Use, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Suárez-Gea
- Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Drug Evaluation, Medicines for Human Use, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Spiridonova VA, Novikova TM, Nikulina DM, Shishkina TA, Golubkina EV, Dyukareva OS, Trizno NN. Complex formation with protamine prolongs the thrombin-inhibiting effect of DNA aptamer in vivo. Biochimie 2017; 145:158-162. [PMID: 28935443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombin DNA aptamersRE31 are single-chain oligonucleotides that fold into three-dimensional forms allowing them to bind the enzyme with high affinity and inhibit its activity in vivo. They are rapidly degraded by a nonspecific nuclease, and, to prolong the lifetime of the aptamer DNA in the bloodstream, it is necessary to coat it with a polymer envelope. A new approach to solving this problem based on preparation of DNA-polyelectrolyte complexes with a minimal particle size that can circulate with blood flow. In our experiments, the negatively charged aptamer DNA RE31 was coated step-by-step with positively charged protamine. They had protamine/aptamer ratios of 0.2/1 and 0.4/1 by charge, with particle size being determined by dynamic light scattering. The aptamer DNA-protamine complexes were administered to rats, followed by ex vivo analysis of blood samples. The results showed that prothrombin time (PT) increased by a factor of 5.6-6.7 within 2 h after injection and remained at approximately the same level for 6 h, while injections of pure protamine did not lead to any noticeable change in clotting time. Thus, complexation with protamine proved to prolong the inhibitory activity of the RE31 DNA aptamer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Spiridonova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - T M Novikova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Nikulina
- Astrakhan State Medical University Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - T A Shishkina
- Astrakhan State Medical University Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - E V Golubkina
- Astrakhan State Medical University Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - O S Dyukareva
- Astrakhan State Medical University Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - N N Trizno
- Astrakhan State Medical University Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Astrakhan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wheeler AP, Gailani D. The Intrinsic Pathway of Coagulation as a Target for Antithrombotic Therapy. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 30:1099-114. [PMID: 27637310 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasma coagulation in the activated partial thromboplastin time assay is initiated by sequential activation of coagulation factors XII, XI, and IX. While this series of proteolytic reactions is not an accurate model for hemostasis in vivo, there is mounting evidence that factor XI and factor XII contribute to thrombosis, and that inhibiting them can produce an antithrombotic effect with a small effect on hemostasis. This article discusses the contributions of components of the intrinsic pathway to thrombosis in animal models and humans, and results of early clinical trials of drugs targeting factors IX, XI, and XII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, C-3321A Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, 397 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - David Gailani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, C-3321A Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 777 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
An in vivo strategy to counteract post-administration anticoagulant activity of azido-Warfarin. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15242. [PMID: 28524847 PMCID: PMC5454458 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs, usually long acting and metabolically stable molecules, might be the source of adverse effects triggered by complex drug interactions, anaphylaxis and drug-induced coagulopathy. To circumvent this growing drug safety issue, we herein investigate the opportunity offered by bio-orthogonal chemistry for in vivo drug neutralization. We design a small-molecule anticoagulant drug (Warfarin) containing an azide group that acts as a safety pin. It allows drug deactivation and restoration of physiological coagulation via in vivo click reaction with a suitable cyclooctyne-based neutralizing agent. In this strategy, the new molecule formed by reaction of the drug and the antidote is deprived of biological activity and prone to fast renal clearance. This 'Click &Clear' approach lays ground for new strategies in designing drugs with switchable biophysical properties.
Collapse
|
46
|
Staudacher DL, Putz V, Heger L, Reinöhl J, Hortmann M, Zelenkofske SL, Becker RC, Rusconi CP, Bode C, Ahrens I. Direct factor IXa inhibition with the RNA-aptamer pegnivacogin reduces platelet reactivity in vitro and residual platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndromes. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2017; 8:520-526. [PMID: 28403626 DOI: 10.1177/2048872617703065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual platelet reactivity is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombin is a major platelet activator and upon initiation of the coagulation cascade, it is subsequently produced downstream of factor IXa, which itself is known to be increased in ACS. Pegnivacogin is a novel RNA-aptamer based factor IXa inhibitor featuring a reversal agent, anivamersen. We hypothesized that pegnivacogin could reduce platelet reactivity. METHODS Whole blood samples from healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro in the presence and absence of pegnivacogin and platelet reactivity was analysed. In addition, platelet aggregometry was performed in blood samples from ACS patients in the RADAR trial featuring the intravenous administration of pegnivacogin as well as reversal by anivamersen. RESULTS In vitro, pegnivacogin significantly reduced adenosine diphosphate-induced CD62P-expression (100% vs. 89.79±4.04%, p=0.027, n=9) and PAC-1 binding (100% vs. 83.02±4.08%, p=0.010, n=11). Platelet aggregation was reduced (97.71±5.30% vs. 66.53±9.92%, p=0.013, n=10) as evaluated by light transmission aggregometry. In the presence of the RNA-aptamer reversal agent anivamersen, neither CD62P-expression nor platelet aggregation was attenuated. In patients with ACS treated with aspirin and clopidogrel, residual platelet aggregation was significantly reduced 20 min after intravenous bolus of 1 mg/kg pegnivacogin (100% versus 43.21±8.23%, p=0.020). CONCLUSION Inhibition of factor IXa by pegnivacogin decreases platelet activation and aggregation in vitro. This effect was negated by anivamersen. In ACS patients, platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after intravenous pegnivacogin. An aptamer-based anticoagulant inhibiting factor IXa therefore might be a promising antithrombotic strategy in ACS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid L Staudacher
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Putz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hortmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Richard C Becker
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers, often termed 'chemical antibodies', are functionally comparable to traditional antibodies, but offer several advantages, including their relatively small physical size, flexible structure, quick chemical production, versatile chemical modification, high stability and lack of immunogenicity. In addition, many aptamers are internalized upon binding to cellular receptors, making them useful targeted delivery agents for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs and conventional drugs. However, several crucial factors have delayed the clinical translation of therapeutic aptamers, such as their inherent physicochemical characteristics and lack of safety data. This Review discusses these challenges, highlighting recent clinical developments and technological advances that have revived the impetus for this promising class of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kalaska B, Kaminski K, Miklosz J, Yusa SI, Sokolowska E, Blazejczyk A, Wietrzyk J, Kasacka I, Szczubialka K, Pawlak D, Nowakowska M, Mogielnicki A. Heparin-binding copolymer reverses effects of unfractionated heparin, enoxaparin, and fondaparinux in rats and mice. Transl Res 2016; 177:98-112.e10. [PMID: 27456749 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The parenteral anticoagulants may cause uncontrolled and life-threatening bleeding. Protamine, the only registered heparin antidote, is partially effective against low-molecular weight heparins, completely ineffective against fondaparinux and may cause unacceptable toxicity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a synthetic compound for safe and efficient neutralization of all parenteral anticoagulants. We synthesized pegylated PMAPTAC block copolymers, and then, we selected a lead heparin-binding copolymer (HBC). We assessed the effectiveness of HBC in the model of arterial thrombosis electrically induced in the carotid artery of rats by measuring thrombus weight, bleeding time, activated partial thromboplastin time, activated clotting time, and anti-factor Xa activity. The intravital tissue distribution, the cardiorespiratory, and organ toxicity were monitored. HBC diminished antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of unfractionated heparin. Moreover, it stopped bleeding and completely reversed the enhancement of clotting times and anti-factor Xa activity caused by enoxaparin or fondaparinux. We observed slight pulmonary congestion and cell infiltration, but the cardiorespiratory parameters remained unchanged. We found a strong signal of fluorescently-labeled HBC in the urine, and a weaker in the liver and in the kidney. No signs of hepatic or nephrotoxicity were observed in the blood biochemistry or histopathologic examination. We developed a copolymer efficiently neutralizing effects of heparins in the living organism, which shows a very promising efficacy/safety profile and may help in the management of uncontrolled bleeding resulting from an anticoagulant injection. HBC could enable the safe replacement of unfractionated heparin with low-molecular weight heparins in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and complex vascular procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Kaminski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Emilia Sokolowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Blazejczyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Adamski P, Adamska U, Ostrowska M, Koziński M, Kubica J. New directions for pharmacotherapy in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:2291-2306. [PMID: 27677394 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1241234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several landmark trials, followed by a widespread introduction of new agents, have significantly improved ACS outcomes in recent years. However, despite the use of contemporary therapy, a substantial number of ACS patients continue to suffer from cardiovascular events. Areas covered: The aim of this review was to summarize available data on innovative drugs and pharmacological strategies that have potential to amend the current ACS therapy. We present the results of recent large clinical trials, as well as insights from ongoing phase III and phase IV studies, exploring the value of new strategies for the improvement of outcomes in ACS. Expert opinion: More potent platelet inhibition, more profound lipid reduction and possibly anti-inflammatory action are considered to have potential to further reduce the rates of adverse cardiovascular and thrombotic events in ACS patients. 'Hit fast, hit hard' approach regarding novel antiplatelet and lipid-lowering therapy seems attractive, but it has to be considered that these strategies may be associated with increased adverse events rate. Introduction of cangrelor and ezetimibe, and potentially future recognition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, are likely to alter the landscape of ACS pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Adamski
- a Department of Principles of Clinical Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Urszula Adamska
- b Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Immunodermatology, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ostrowska
- a Department of Principles of Clinical Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marek Koziński
- a Department of Principles of Clinical Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Jacek Kubica
- c Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Devabhakthuni S, Yoon CH, Pincus KJ. Review of the Target-Specific Oral Anticoagulants in Development for the Treatment and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. J Pharm Pract 2016; 29:392-405. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190014568388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anticoagulation therapy is often indicated for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite advances in anticoagulant management with parenteral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists, limitations to their use still exists, leading to investigation of alternative anticoagulants such as factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors. To date, 3 target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOACs) are Food and Drug Administration approved; several other agents are currently in development to optimize VTE management and minimize bleeding risks. The objective of this systematic review article is to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical evidence on the investigational TSOACs for the treatment and prevention of VTE. Of the agents in development, edoxaban holds the most promise due to robust data supporting its clinical benefit with a similar bleeding risk to currently approved agents. Clinicians should understand the TSOACs under investigation, since differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may influence clinical decision making and agent selection for management of VTE. Currently, no direct comparisons between TSOACs have been conducted. Agents under investigation have yet to overcome the major limitations of the currently existing TSOACs. Further studies are necessary to clarify which TSOAC agent is best for management of VTE in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Devabhakthuni
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Connie H. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Pincus
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|