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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Zhao Z, Zang X, Niu K, Song W, Wang X, Mügge A, Aweimer A, Hamdani N, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Akin I, El-Battrawy I. Impacts of gene variants on drug effects-the foundation of genotype-guided pharmacologic therapy for long QT syndrome and short QT syndrome. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105108. [PMID: 38653189 PMCID: PMC11041837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of optimal pharmacotherapy for inherited arrhythmias such as short QT syndrome (SQTS) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been increasingly recognised. The advancement of gene technology has opened up new possibilities for identifying genetic variations and investigating the pathophysiological roles and mechanisms of genetic arrhythmias. Numerous variants in various genes have been proven to be causative in genetic arrhythmias. Studies have demonstrated that the effectiveness of certain drugs is specific to the patient or genotype, indicating the important role of gene-variants in drug response. This review aims to summarize the reported data on the impact of different gene-variants on drug response in SQTS and LQTS, as well as discuss the potential mechanisms by which gene-variants alter drug response. These findings may provide valuable information for future studies on the influence of gene variants on drug efficacy and the development of genotype-guided or precision treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhao
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Weifeng Song
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Xianqing Wang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Assem Aweimer
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- HCEMM-Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44789, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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McGurran H, Kumbol V, Krüger C, Wallach T, Lehnardt S. miR-154-5p Is a Novel Endogenous Ligand for TLR7 Inducing Microglial Activation and Neuronal Injury. Cells 2024; 13:407. [PMID: 38474371 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a collection of pattern recognition sensors that form a first line of defence by detecting pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. TLR activation in microglia, the major immune cells in the brain, can trigger the release of inflammatory molecules, which may contribute to various CNS diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Recently, some microRNAs were shown to serve as signalling molecules for TLRs. Here, we present miR-154-5p as a novel TLR7 ligand. Exposing microglia to miR-154-5p results in cytokine release and alters expression of the TLR signalling pathway dependent on TLR7. Additionally, miR-154-5p causes neuronal injury in enriched cortical neuron cultures and additive toxicity in the presence of microglia. Finally, intrathecal injection of miR-154-5p into mice leads to neuronal injury and accumulation of microglia in the cerebral cortex dependent on TLR7 expression. In conclusion, this study establishes miR-154-5p as a direct activator of TLR7 that can cause neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, which may contribute to CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo McGurran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Kumbol
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wallach
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Yang D, Wan X, Schwieterman N, Cavus O, Kacira E, Xu X, Laurita KR, Wold LE, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ, Deschênes I, Fu JD. MicroRNA-1 Deficiency Is a Primary Etiological Factor Disrupting Cardiac Contractility and Electrophysiological Homeostasis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012150. [PMID: 38126205 PMCID: PMC10842700 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-1 (miR1), encoded by the genes miR1-1 and miR1-2, is the most abundant microRNA in the heart and plays a critical role in heart development and physiology. Dysregulation of miR1 has been associated with various heart diseases, where a significant reduction (>75%) in miR1 expression has been observed in patient hearts with atrial fibrillation or acute myocardial infarction. However, it remains uncertain whether miR1-deficiency acts as a primary etiological factor of cardiac remodeling. METHODS miR1-1 or miR1-2 knockout mice were crossbred to produce 75%-miR1-knockdown (75%KD; miR1-1+/-:miR1-2-/- or miR1-1-/-:miR1-2+/-) mice. Cardiac pathology of 75%KD cardiomyocytes/hearts was investigated by ECG, patch clamping, optical mapping, transcriptomic, and proteomic assays. RESULTS In adult 75%KD hearts, the overall miR1 expression was reduced to ≈25% of the normal wild-type level. These adult 75%KD hearts displayed decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening, prolonged QRS and QT intervals, and high susceptibility to arrhythmias. Adult 75%KD cardiomyocytes exhibited prolonged action potentials with impaired repolarization and excitation-contraction coupling. Comparatively, 75%KD cardiomyocytes showcased reduced Na+ current and transient outward potassium current, coupled with elevated L-type Ca2+ current, as opposed to wild-type cells. RNA sequencing and proteomics assays indicated negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction and ion channel activities, along with a positive enrichment of smooth muscle contraction genes in 75%KD cardiomyocytes/hearts. miR1 deficiency led to dysregulation of a wide gene network, with miR1's RNA interference-direct targets influencing many indirectly regulated genes. Furthermore, after 6 weeks of bi-weekly intravenous tail-vein injection of miR1 mimics, the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of 75%KD hearts showed significant improvement but remained susceptible to arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS miR1 deficiency acts as a primary etiological factor in inducing cardiac remodeling via disrupting heart regulatory homeostasis. Achieving stable and appropriate microRNA expression levels in the heart is critical for effective microRNA-based therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Neill Schwieterman
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Omer Cavus
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Pennsylvania State University, Heart and Vascular Institute, Hershey, PA
| | - Ege Kacira
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Xianyao Xu
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Depts of Internal Medicine & Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Kenneth R. Laurita
- Dept of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Research Center, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Loren E. Wold
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Depts of Internal Medicine & Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dept of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Kacira E, Pittman M, Yang D, Sturgill SL, Ziolo MT, Han Y, Deschênes I, Fu JD. Long-Axis Biplane Echocardiography Sensitively Detects the Progressing Functional Deterioration of Mouse Heart. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011046. [PMID: 38054280 PMCID: PMC10872990 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ege Kacira
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mitchell Pittman
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah L. Sturgill
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark T. Ziolo
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuchi Han
- Cardiovascular Division, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ji-dong Fu
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Asjad E, Dobrzynski H. MicroRNAs: Midfielders of Cardiac Health, Disease and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16207. [PMID: 38003397 PMCID: PMC10671258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. It is generally accepted that their main mechanism of action is the negative regulation of gene expression, through binding to specific regions in messenger RNA (mRNA) and repressing protein translation. By interrupting protein synthesis, miRNAs can effectively turn genes off and influence many basic processes in the body, such as developmental and apoptotic behaviours of cells and cardiac organogenesis. Their importance is highlighted by inhibiting or overexpressing certain miRNAs, which will be discussed in the context of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and heart failure. Dysregulated levels of miRNAs in the body can exacerbate or alleviate existing disease, and their omnipresence in the body makes them reliable as quantifiable markers of disease. This review aims to provide a summary of miRNAs as biomarkers and their interactions with targets that affect cardiac health, and intersperse it with current therapeutic knowledge. It intends to succinctly inform on these topics and guide readers toward more comprehensive works if they wish to explore further through a wide-ranging citation list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emman Asjad
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
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Bernini Di Michele A, Onofri V, Pesaresi M, Turchi C. The Role of miRNA Expression Profile in Sudden Cardiac Death Cases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1954. [PMID: 37895303 PMCID: PMC10606010 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world and for this reason it has attracted the attention of numerous researchers in the field of legal medicine. It is not easy to determine the cause in a SCD case and the available methods used for diagnosis cannot always give an exhaustive answer. In addition, the molecular analysis of genes does not lead to a clear conclusion, but it could be interesting to focus attention on the expression level of miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides. The role of miRNAs is to regulate the gene expression through complementary binding to 3'-untraslated regions of miRNAs, leading to the inhibition of translation or to mRNA degradation. In recent years, several studies were performed with the aim of exploring the use of these molecules as biomarkers for SCD cases, and to also distinguish the causes that lead to cardiac death. In this review, we summarize experiments, evidence, and results of different studies on the implication of miRNAs in SCD cases. We discuss the different biological starting materials with their respective advantages and disadvantages, studying miRNA expression on tissue (fresh-frozen tissue and FFPE tissue), circulating cell-free miRNAs in blood of patients affected by cardiac disease at high risk of SCD, and exosomal miRNAs analyzed from serum of people who died from SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bernini Di Michele
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.B.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Valerio Onofri
- Legal Medicine Unit, AOU Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Mauro Pesaresi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.B.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Turchi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.B.D.M.); (M.P.)
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Chen Q, Zhou T. Emerging functional principles of tRNA-derived small RNAs and other regulatory small RNAs. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105225. [PMID: 37673341 PMCID: PMC10562873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in small RNA sequencing have unveiled a previously hidden world of regulatory small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that extend beyond the well-studied small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs. This exploration, starting with tRNA-derived small RNAs, has led to the discovery of a diverse universe of sncRNAs derived from various longer structured RNAs such as rRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, Y RNAs, and vault RNAs, with exciting uncharted functional possibilities. In this perspective, we discuss the emerging functional principles of sncRNAs beyond the well-known RNAi-like mechanisms, focusing on those that operate independent of linear sequence complementarity but rather function in an aptamer-like fashion. Aptamers use 3D structure for specific interactions with ligands and are modulated by RNA modifications and subcellular environments. Given that aptamer-like sncRNA functions are widespread and present in species lacking RNAi, they may represent an ancient functional principle that predates RNAi. We propose a rethinking of the origin of RNAi and its relationship with these aptamer-like functions in sncRNAs and how these complementary mechanisms shape biological processes. Lastly, the aptamer-like function of sncRNAs highlights the need for caution in using small RNA mimics in research and therapeutics, as their specificity is not restricted solely to linear sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.
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Sharma AK, Singh S, Bhat M, Gill K, Zaid M, Kumar S, Shakya A, Tantray J, Jose D, Gupta R, Yangzom T, Sharma RK, Sahu SK, Rathore G, Chandolia P, Singh M, Mishra A, Raj S, Gupta A, Agarwal M, Kifayat S, Gupta A, Gupta P, Vashist A, Vaibhav P, Kathuria N, Yadav V, Singh RP, Garg A. New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16420. [PMID: 37775650 PMCID: PMC10541452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias' characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India.
| | - Shivam Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mehvish Bhat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Kartik Gill
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohammad Zaid
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anjali Shakya
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Junaid Tantray
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Divyamol Jose
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Tsering Yangzom
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | | | - Gulshan Rathore
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Priyanka Chandolia
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Shobhit Raj
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sumaiya Kifayat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ankit Vashist
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Parth Vaibhav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Nancy Kathuria
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Arun Garg
- MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India
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10
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Peng X, Zhang K, Yang Z, Jiang L, Nie X, Zuo H, Wang L. Expression profiles and potential functions of microRNAs in heart failure patients from the Uyghur population. Gene 2023:147623. [PMID: 37423398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Existing studies have shown that circulating miRNA can be used as biomarkers of heart failure (HF). However, the circulating miRNA expression profile in Uyghur HF patients is unclear. In this study, we identified the miRNA profiles in the plasma of Uyghur HF patients and preliminarily explored their potential functions to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HF. METHODS Totally, 33 Uyghur patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (<40%) were included in the HF group and 18 Uyghur patients without HF were included in the control group. First, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma of heart failure patients (n = 3) and controls (n = 3). Second, the differentially expressed miRNAs were annotated with online software and bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the critical roles of these circulating miRNAs in HF. Moreover, four selected differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 15 controls and 30 HF patients. The diagnostic value of three successfully validated miRNAs for heart failure was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Finally, to explore the expression levels of the three successfully validated miRNAs in HF hearts, thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) mice models were constructed and their expression in mice hearts was detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Sixty-three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by high-throughput sequencing. Of these 63 miRNAs, most were located on chromosome 14, and the OMIM database showed that 14 miRNAs were associated with HF. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that the target genes were mostly involved in ion or protein binding, the calcium signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, autophagy, and focal adhesion. Of the four selected miRNAs, hsa-miR-378d, hsa-miR-486-5p and hsa-miR-210-3p were successfully validated in the validation cohort and hsa-miR-210-3p had the highest diagnostic value for HF. Meanwhile, miR-210-3p was found to be significantly upregulated in the hearts of TAC mice. CONCLUSION A reference set of potential miRNA biomarkers that may be involved in HF is constructed. Our study may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Peng
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832008, P. R. China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; NHC Key laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenjia Yang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832008, P. R. China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; NHC Key laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luying Jiang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832008, P. R. China; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; NHC Key laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Houjuan Zuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang,832008, P. R. China; NHC Key laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China.
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11
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Farina FM, Weber C, Santovito D. The emerging landscape of non-conventional RNA functions in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:74-86. [PMID: 36725418 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most of the human genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which encompass a heterogeneous family of transcripts including microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and others. Although the detailed modes of action of some classes are not fully elucidated, the common notion is that ncRNAs contribute to sculpting gene expression of eukaryotic cells at multiple levels. These range from the regulation of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activity to post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA splicing, stability, and decay. Many of these functions ultimately govern the expression of coding and non-coding genes to affect diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms in vascular biology and beyond. As such, different classes of ncRNAs emerged as crucial regulators of vascular integrity as well as active players in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis from the early stages of endothelial dysfunction to the clinically relevant complications. However, research in recent years revealed unexpected findings such as small ncRNAs being able to biophysically regulate protein function, the glycosylation of ncRNAs to be exposed on the cell surface, the release of ncRNAs in the extracellular space to act as ligands of receptors, and even the ability of non-coding portion of messenger RNAs to mediate structural functions. This evidence expanded the functional repertoire of ncRNAs far beyond gene regulation and highlighted an additional layer of biological control of cell function. In this Review, we will discuss these emerging aspects of ncRNA biology, highlight the implications for the mechanisms of vascular biology and atherosclerosis, and discuss possible translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Maria Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Mildeberger L, Bueto J, Wilmes V, Scheiper-Welling S, Niess C, Gradhand E, Verhoff MA, Kauferstein S. Suitable biomarkers for post-mortem differentiation of cardiac death causes: Quantitative analysis of miR-1, miR-133a and miR-26a in heart tissue and whole blood. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 65:102867. [PMID: 37178622 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death worldwide. Cardiac death can occur as reaction to myocardial infarction (MI). A diagnostic challenge arises for sudden unexpected death (SUD) cases with structural abnormalities (SA) or without any structural abnormalities (without SA). Therefore, the identification of reliable biomarkers to differentiate cardiac cases from each other is necessary. In the current study, the potential of different microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in tissue and blood samples of cardiac death cases was analyzed. Blood and tissue samples of 24 MI, 21 SUD and 5 control (C) cases were collected during autopsy. Testing for significance and receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) were performed. The results show that miR-1, miR-133a and miR-26a possess a high diagnostic power to discriminate between different cardiac death causes in whole blood and in tissue.
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13
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Fan W, Sun X, Yang C, Wan J, Luo H, Liao B. Pacemaker activity and ion channels in the sinoatrial node cells: MicroRNAs and arrhythmia. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:151-167. [PMID: 36450332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary pacemaking activity of the heart is determined by a spontaneous action potential (AP) within sinoatrial node (SAN) cells. This unique AP generation relies on two mechanisms: membrane clocks and calcium clocks. Nonhomologous arrhythmias are caused by several functional and structural changes in the myocardium. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression in cardiomyocytes. These miRNAs play a vital role in regulating the stability of cardiac conduction and in the remodeling process that leads to arrhythmias. Although it remains unclear how miRNAs regulate the expression and function of ion channels in the heart, these regulatory mechanisms may support the development of emerging therapies. This study discusses the spread and generation of AP in the SAN as well as the regulation of miRNAs and individual ion channels. Arrhythmogenicity studies on ion channels will provide a research basis for miRNA modulation as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
| | - Hongli Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
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Fernandes CAH, Zuniga D, Fagnen C, Kugler V, Scala R, Péhau-Arnaudet G, Wagner R, Perahia D, Bendahhou S, Vénien-Bryan C. Cryo-electron microscopy unveils unique structural features of the human Kir2.1 channel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8489. [PMID: 36149965 PMCID: PMC9506730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the first structure of the human Kir2.1 channel containing both transmembrane domain (TMD) and cytoplasmic domain (CTD). Kir2.1 channels are strongly inward-rectifying potassium channels that play a key role in maintaining resting membrane potential. Their gating is modulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Genetically inherited defects in Kir2.1 channels are responsible for several rare human diseases, including Andersen's syndrome. The structural analysis (cryo-electron microscopy), surface plasmon resonance, and electrophysiological experiments revealed a well-connected network of interactions between the PIP2-binding site and the G-loop through residues R312 and H221. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis showed the intrinsic tendency of the CTD to tether to the TMD and a movement of the secondary anionic binding site to the membrane even without PIP2. Our results revealed structural features unique to human Kir2.1 and provided insights into the connection between G-loop and gating and the pathological mechanisms associated with this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. H. Fernandes
- UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dania Zuniga
- UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charline Fagnen
- UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Kugler
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS–University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Rosa Scala
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Labex ICST, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Péhau-Arnaudet
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Core Facility/UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS–University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - David Perahia
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 4 Ave. des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Saïd Bendahhou
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Labex ICST, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Vénien-Bryan
- UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Integrated Analysis of the microRNA–mRNA Network Predicts Potential Regulators of Atrial Fibrillation in Humans. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172629. [PMID: 36078037 PMCID: PMC9454849 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia and microRNAs (miRs) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of AF. To identify novel miR–mRNA pairs, we performed RNA-seq from atrial biopsies of persistent AF patients and non-AF patients with normal sinus rhythm (SR). Differentially expressed miRs (11 down and 9 up) and mRNAs (95 up and 82 down) were identified and hierarchically clustered in a heat map. Subsequently, GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were run to identify deregulated pathways. Then, miR targets were predicted in the miRDB database, and a regulatory network of negatively correlated miR–mRNA pairs was constructed using Cytoscape. To select potential candidate genes from GSEA analysis, the top-50 enriched genes in GSEA were overlaid with predicted targets of differentially deregulated miRs. Further, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of enriched genes in GSEA was constructed, and subsequently, GO and canonical pathway analyses were run for genes in the PPI network. Our analyses showed that TNF-α, p53, EMT, and SYDECAN1 signaling were among the highly affected pathways in AF samples. SDC-1 (SYNDECAN-1) was the top-enriched gene in p53, EMT, and SYDECAN1 signaling. Consistently, SDC-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in atrial samples of AF patients. Among negatively correlated miRs, miR-302b-3p was experimentally validated to suppress SDC-1 transcript levels. Overall, our results suggested that the miR-302b-3p/SDC-1 axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of AF.
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16
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Gager GM, Eyileten C, Postula M, Gasecka A, Jarosz-Popek J, Gelbenegger G, Jilma B, Lang I, Siller-Matula J. Association Between the Expression of MicroRNA-125b and Survival in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Coronary Multivessel Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:948006. [PMID: 35872885 PMCID: PMC9304571 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.948006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) have an undeniable physiological and pathophysiological significance and act as promising novel biomarkers. The aim of the study was to investigate blood-derived miRNAs and their association with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Materials and MethodsThis study was an observational prospective study, which included 90 patients with MVD and ACS. Expression of miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-223 was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients were followed-up for a median of 7.5 years. All-cause mortality was considered as the primary endpoint. Adjusted Cox-regression analysis was performed for prediction of events.ResultsElevated expression of miR-125b (>4.6) at the time-point of ACS was associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality (adjusted [adj.] hazard ratio [HR] = 11.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.15–110.38; p = 0.038). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a satisfactory c-statistics for miR-125b for the prediction of long-term all-cause mortality (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91; p = 0.034; the negative predictive value of 98%). Kaplan–Meier time to event analysis confirmed an early separation of the survival curves between patients with high vs low expression of miR-125b (p = 0.003). An increased expression of miR-125a and miR-223 was found in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) as compared to those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (p = 0.043 and p = 0.049, respectively) with no difference in the expression of miR-125b between the type of ACS.ConclusionIn this hypothesis generating study, lower values of miR-125b were related to improved long-term survival in patients with ACS and MVD. Larger studies are needed to investigate whether miR-125b can be used as a suitable predictor for long-term all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Gager
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomics Core Facility, Center of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gasecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Georg Gelbenegger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Siller-Matula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jolanta Siller-Matula,
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17
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Martins‐Marques T, Costa MC, Catarino S, Simoes I, Aasen T, Enguita FJ, Girao H. Cx43-mediated sorting of miRNAs into extracellular vesicles. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54312. [PMID: 35593040 PMCID: PMC9253745 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the exchange of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles (EV) allow for cell-cell communication across distant cells and tissues to regulate a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Although some molecular mediators have been discovered, the mechanisms underlying the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV remain elusive. Previous studies demonstrated that connexin43 (Cx43) forms functional channels at the EV surface, mediating the communication with recipient cells. Here, we show that Cx43 participates in the selective sorting of miRNAs into EV through a process that can also involve RNA-binding proteins. We provide evidence that Cx43 can directly bind to specific miRNAs, namely those containing stable secondary structure elements, including miR-133b. Furthermore, Cx43 facilitates the delivery of EV-miRNAs into recipient cells. Phenotypically, we show that Cx43-mediated EV-miRNAs sorting modulates autophagy. Overall, our study ascribes another biological role to Cx43, that is, the selective incorporation of miRNAs into EV, which potentially modulates multiple biological processes in target cells and may have implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins‐Marques
- Faculty of MedicineCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Marina C Costa
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Steve Catarino
- Faculty of MedicineCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Isaura Simoes
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute of Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Trond Aasen
- Patologia Molecular Translacional, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital UniversitariVall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'HebronBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of MedicineCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)CoimbraPortugal
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18
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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19
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Progesterone Changes the Pregnancy-Induced Adaptation of Cardiomyocyte Kv2.1 Channels via MicroRNA-29b. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:7145699. [PMID: 35474714 PMCID: PMC9010150 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7145699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system adaptation occurs during pregnancy to ensure adequate maternal circulation. Progesterone (P4) is widely used in hormone therapy to support pregnancy, but little is known about its effects on maternal cardiac function. In this study, we investigated the cardiac repolarization and ion channel expression in pregnant subjects and mice models and studied the effects of P4 administrations on these pregnancy-mediated adaptations. P4 administrations shortened the prolongation of QTC intervals and action potential duration (APD) that occurred during pregnancy, which was mainly attributable to the reduction in the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) current under basal conditions. In vitro studies indicated that P4 regulated the Kv2.1 channel in a bidirectional manner. At a low dose (1 μM), P4 induced upregulation of Kv2.1 through P4 receptor, while at a higher dose (5 μM), P4 downregulated Kv2.1 by targeting microRNA-29b (miR-29b). Our data showed that P4 modulated maternal cardiac repolarization by regulating Kv2.1 channel activity during pregnancy. Kv2.1, as well as miR-29b, might be used as potential therapeutic targets for adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system or evaluation of progesterone medication during pregnancy.
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Li H, Zhan J, Chen C, Wang D. MicroRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:140-168. [PMID: 37724243 PMCID: PMC10471109 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, despite the wide diversity of molecular targets identified and the development of therapeutic methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (about 22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in the cytoplasm and play complicated roles in different CVDs. While miRNA overexpression in one type of cell protects against heart disease, it promotes cardiac dysfunction in another type of cardiac cell. Moreover, recent studies have shown that, apart from cytosolic miRNAs, subcellular miRNAs such as mitochondria- and nucleus-localized miRNAs are dysregulated in CVDs. However, the functional properties of cellular- and subcellular-localized miRNAs have not been well characterized. In this review article, by carefully revisiting animal-based miRNA studies in CVDs, we will address the regulation and functional properties of miRNAs in various CVDs. Specifically, the cell-cell crosstalk and subcellular perspective of miRNAs are highlighted. We will provide the background for attractive molecular targets that might be useful in preventing the progression of CVDs and heart failure (HF) as well as insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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21
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Santovito D, Weber C. Non-canonical features of microRNAs: paradigms emerging from cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:620-638. [PMID: 35304600 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research showing that microRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression has instigated tremendous interest in cardiovascular research. The overwhelming majority of studies are predicated on the dogmatic notion that miRNAs regulate the expression of specific target mRNAs by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA decay in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). These efforts mostly identified and dissected contributions of multiple regulatory networks of miRNA-target mRNAs to cardiovascular pathogenesis. However, evidence from studies in the past decade indicates that miRNAs also operate beyond this canonical paradigm, featuring non-conventional regulatory functions and cellular localizations that have a pathophysiological role in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we highlight the functional relevance of atypical miRNA biogenesis and localization as well as RISC heterogeneity. Moreover, we delineate remarkable non-canonical examples of miRNA functionality, including direct interactions with proteins beyond the Argonaute family and their role in transcriptional regulation in the nucleus and in mitochondria. We scrutinize the relevance of non-conventional biogenesis and non-canonical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathology, and contextualize how uncovering these non-conventional properties can expand the scope of translational research in the cardiovascular field and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. .,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Platelets are essential mediators of physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. Currently available tests and markers of platelet activation did not prove successful in guiding treatment decisions for patients with cardiovascular disease, justifying further research into novel markers of platelet reactivity. Platelets contain a variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) and are a major contributor to the extracellular circulating miRNA pool. Levels of platelet-derived miRNAs in the circulation have been associated with different measures of platelet activation as well as antiplatelet therapy and have therefore been implied as potential new markers of platelet reactivity. In contrast to the ex vivo assessment of platelet reactivity by current platelet function tests, miRNA measurements may enable assessment of platelet reactivity in vivo. It remains to be seen however, whether miRNAs may aid clinical diagnostics. Major limitations in the platelet miRNA research field remain the susceptibility to preanalytical variation, non-standardized sample preparation and data normalization that hampers inter-study comparisons. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of platelet activation, highlighting the underlying biology, the application in patients with cardiovascular disease and antiplatelet therapy and elaborating on technical limitations regarding their quantification in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
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23
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Yang D, Deschênes I, Fu JD. Multilayer control of cardiac electrophysiology by microRNAs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:107-115. [PMID: 35247375 PMCID: PMC9035102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The electrophysiological properties of the heart include cardiac automaticity, excitation (i.e., depolarization and repolarization of action potential) of individual cardiomyocytes, and highly coordinated electrical propagation through the whole heart. An abnormality in any of these properties can cause arrhythmias. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been recognized as essential regulators of gene expression through the conventional RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism and are involved in a variety of biological events. Recent evidence has demonstrated that miRs regulate the electrophysiology of the heart through fine regulation by the conventional RNAi mechanism of the expression of ion channels, transporters, intracellular Ca2+-handling proteins, and other relevant factors. Recently, a direct interaction between miRs and ion channels has also been reported in the heart, revealing a biophysical modulation by miRs of cardiac electrophysiology. These advanced discoveries suggest that miR controls cardiac electrophysiology through two distinct mechanisms: immediate action through biophysical modulation and long-term conventional RNAi regulation. Here, we review the recent research progress and summarize the current understanding of how miR manipulates the function of ion channels to maintain the homeostasis of cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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24
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Manikkath J, Jishnu PV, Wich PR, Manikkath A, Radhakrishnan R. Nanoparticulate strategies for the delivery of miRNA mimics and inhibitors in anticancer therapy and its potential utility in oral submucous fibrosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:181-195. [PMID: 35014880 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring noncoding RNAs with multiple functionalities. They are dysregulated in several conditions and can serve as disease biomarkers, therapeutic targets and therapeutic agents. Translation of miRNA therapeutics to the clinic poses several challenges related to the safe and effective delivery of these agents to the site of action. Nanoparticulate carriers hold promise in this area by enhancing targeting efficiency and reducing off-target effects. This paper reviews recent advances in the delivery strategies of miRNAs in anticancer therapy, with a focus on lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic platforms, cell membrane-derived vesicles and bacterial minicells. Additionally, this review explores the potentiality of miRNAs in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis, a potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity with no definitive treatment to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Peter R Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Aparna Manikkath
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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25
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Rozhkova AV, Dmitrieva VG, Nosova EV, Dergunov AD, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Genomic Variants and Multilevel Regulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1 Expression in Atherogenesis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8120170. [PMID: 34940525 PMCID: PMC8707585 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheroprotective properties of human plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are determined by their involvement in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from the macrophage to the liver. ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI cholesterol transporters are involved in cholesterol efflux from macrophages to lipid-free ApoA-I and HDL as a first RCT step. Molecular determinants of RCT efficiency that may possess diagnostic and therapeutic meaning remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress in studying the genomic variants of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SCARB1, and the regulation of their function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in atherosclerosis. Defects in the structure and function of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI are caused by changes in the gene sequence, such as single nucleotide polymorphism or various mutations. In the transcription initiation of transporter genes, in addition to transcription factors, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), transcription activators, and repressors are also involved. Furthermore, transcription is substantially influenced by the methylation of gene promoter regions. Post-transcriptional regulation involves microRNAs and lncRNAs, including circular RNAs. The potential biomarkers and targets for atheroprotection, based on molecular mechanisms of expression regulation for three transporter genes, are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Rozhkova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Veronika G. Dmitrieva
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Elena V. Nosova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Alexander D. Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Liudmila V. Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.R.); (V.G.D.); (E.V.N.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
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26
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Husti Z, Varró A, Baczkó I. Arrhythmogenic Remodeling in the Failing Heart. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113203. [PMID: 34831426 PMCID: PMC8623396 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome with multiple etiologies, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation, are common in heart failure. A number of cardiac diseases including heart failure alter the expression and regulation of ion channels and transporters leading to arrhythmogenic electrical remodeling. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and scar formation are key elements of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling in heart failure. In this article, the mechanisms responsible for increased arrhythmia susceptibility as well as the underlying changes in ion channel, transporter expression and function as well as alterations in calcium handling in heart failure are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmogenic remodeling is key to improving arrhythmia management and the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Husti
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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27
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Iop L, Iliceto S, Civieri G, Tona F. Inherited and Acquired Rhythm Disturbances in Sick Sinus Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, and Atrial Fibrillation: Lessons from Preclinical Modeling. Cells 2021; 10:3175. [PMID: 34831398 PMCID: PMC8623957 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm disturbances are life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, accounting for many deaths annually worldwide. Abnormal electrical activity might arise in a structurally normal heart in response to specific triggers or as a consequence of cardiac tissue alterations, in both cases with catastrophic consequences on heart global functioning. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology of rhythm disturbances is fundamental to increase the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models found variable application to dissect many congenital and acquired rhythm disturbances. In the copious list of rhythm disturbances, diseases of the conduction system, as sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation, have found extensive preclinical modeling. In addition, the electrical remodeling as a result of other cardiovascular diseases has also been investigated in models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac fibrosis, as well as arrhythmias induced by other non-cardiac pathologies, stress, and drug cardiotoxicity. This review aims to offer a critical overview on the effective ability of in silico bioinformatic tools, in vivo animal studies, in vitro models to provide insights on human heart rhythm pathophysiology in case of sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation and advance their safe and successful translation into the cardiology arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
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28
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Ventricular arrhythmias in mouse models of diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20570. [PMID: 34663875 PMCID: PMC8523538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 20 million people in the US, and it is associated with a significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite the significance, the mechanistic relationship between SCD and CKD is not clear and there are few effective therapies. Using optical mapping techniques, we tested the hypothesis that mouse models of progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD) exhibit enhanced ventricular arrhythmia incidence and underlying arrhythmia substrates. Compared to wild-type mice, both Leprdb/db eNOS−/− (2KO) and high fat diet plus low dose streptozotocin (HFD + STZ) mouse models of DKD experienced sudden death and greater arrhythmia inducibility, which was more common with isoproterenol than programmed electrical stimulation. 2KO mice demonstrated slowed conduction velocity, prolonged action potential duration (APD), and myocardial fibrosis; both 2KO and HFD + STZ mice exhibited arrhythmias and calcium dysregulation with isoproterenol challenge. Finally, circulating concentrations of the uremic toxin asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were elevated in 2KO mice. Incubation of human cardiac myocytes with ADMA prolonged APD, as also observed in 2KO mice hearts ex vivo. The present study elucidates an arrhythmia-associated mechanism of sudden death associated with DKD, which may lead to more effective treatments in the vulnerable DKD patient population.
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