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Fang X, Jiang W, Huang Y, Yang F, Chen T. Size changeable nanosystems for precise drug controlled release and efficient overcoming of cancer multidrug resistance. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:944-952. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the rational design of a size changeable nanosystem for precise drug controlled release and efficient overcoming of cancer multidrug resistance in cancer cells by enhancing the cellular uptake and inhibiting the expression of ABC family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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Ito S, Osaka M, Edamatsu T, Itoh Y, Yoshida M. Crucial Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Vascular Inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:960-75. [PMID: 26860885 DOI: 10.5551/jat.34462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor mediating toxic effects of dioxins and uremic toxins, has recently emerged as a pathophysiological regulator of immune-inflammatory conditions. Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease and has been shown to be a ligand for AhR. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of AhR in indoxyl sulfate-induced leukocyte-endothelial interactions. METHODS Endothelial cell-specific AhR knockout (eAhR KO) mice were produced by crossing AhR floxed mice with Tie2 Cre mice. Indoxyl sulfate was administered for 2 weeks, followed by injection of TNF-α. Leukocyte recruitment to the femoral artery was assessed by intravital microscopy. Vascular endothelial cells were transfected with siRNA specific to AhR (siAhR) and treated with indoxyl sulfate, followed by stimulation with TNF-α. RESULTS Indoxyl sulfate dramatically enhanced TNF-α-induced leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall in control animals but not in eAhR KO mice. In endothelial cells, siAhR significantly reduced indoxyl sulfate-enhanced leukocyte adhesion as well as E-selectin expression, whereas the activation of JNK and nuclear factor-κB was not affected. A luciferase assay revealed that the region between -153 and -146 bps in the E-selectin promoter was responsible for indoxyl sulfate activity via AhR. Mutational analysis of this region revealed that activator protein-1 (AP-1) is responsible for indoxyl sulfate-triggered E-selectin expression via AhR. CONCLUSION AhR mediates indoxyl sulfate-enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions through AP-1 transcriptional activity, which may constitute a new mechanism of vascular inflammation in patients with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ito
- Life Science and Bioethics, Department of International Health Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Ito S, Higuchi Y, Yagi Y, Nishijima F, Yamato H, Ishii H, Osaka M, Yoshida M. Reduction of indoxyl sulfate by AST-120 attenuates monocyte inflammation related to chronic kidney disease. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:837-45. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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In vivo imaging of leukocyte recruitment to the atheroprone femoral artery reveals anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:962369. [PMID: 23509822 PMCID: PMC3591208 DOI: 10.1155/2013/962369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To monitor the anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin in leukocyte endothelial interactions in the atheroprone femoral artery in vivo. Methods and Results. Male Apolipoprotein E null mice (ApoE−/− mice, 6 weeks old) were fed a high-fat diet (20% fat, 1.25% cholesterol) with or without the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Significant leukocyte adhesion was observed in the femoral artery of ApoE−/− mice, but not of wild type mice, in the absence of rosuvastatin. Interestingly, no obvious plaque formation was observed in the artery at this time point. The number of adherent leukocytes was dramatically diminished in ApoE−/− mice treated with rosuvastatin. DHE-associated oxidative stress and the expression of gp91-phox, a component of NADPH oxidase, were induced in ApoE−/− mice and were abolished by rosuvastatin treatment. Conclusion. Our data documented leukocyte recruitment prior to lipid accumulation and subsequent inhibition by rosuvastatin. The underlying mechanism seemed to involve oxidative stress and an anti-inflammatory effect on the endothelium of atheroprone vessels.
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Hagita S, Osaka M, Shimokado K, Yoshida M. Adipose inflammation initiates recruitment of leukocytes to mouse femoral artery: role of adipo-vascular axis in chronic inflammation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19871. [PMID: 21625491 PMCID: PMC3098847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although inflammation within adipose tissues is known to play a role in metabolic syndrome, the causative connection between inflamed adipose tissue and atherosclerosis is not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of adipose tissue on macro-vascular inflammation using intravital microscopic analysis of the femoral artery after adipose tissue transplantation. Methods and Results We obtained subcutaneous (SQ) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissues from C57BL/6 mice fed normal chow (NC) or a high fat diet (HF), then transplanted the tissues into the perivascular area of the femoral artery of recipient C57/BL6 mice. Quantitative intravital microscopic analysis revealed an increase in adherent leukocytes after adipose tissue transplantation, with VIS found to induce significantly more leukocyte accumulation as compared to SQ. Moreover, adipose tissues from HF fed mice showed significantly more adhesion to the femoral artery. Simultaneous flow cytometry demonstrated upregulation of CD11b on peripheral granulocyte and monocytes after adipose tissue transplantation. We also observed dominant expressions of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1β in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of these adipose tissues as well as sera of recipient mice after transplantation. Finally, massive accumulations of pro-inflammatory and dendritic cells were detected in mice with VIS transplantation as compared to SQ, as well as in HF mice as compared to those fed NC. Conclusion Our in vivo findings indicate that adipose tissue stimulates leukocyte accumulation in the femoral artery. The underlying mechanisms involve upregulation of CD11b in leukocytes, induction of cytokines and chemokines, and accumulation of pro-inflammatory cells in the SVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiko Hagita
- Life Science and Bioethics Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hagita S, Osaka M, Shimokado K, Yoshida M. Combination of amlodipine and atorvastatin synergistically reduces leukocyte recruitment to mechanically injured mouse femoral artery. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:450-5. [PMID: 21270816 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a potential synergistic effect of the combination of amlodipine with atorvastatin to reduce acute inflammation. The intraluminal wire injury of the mouse femoral artery induced significant leukocyte recruitment to the injured area and oxidative stress within 24 h. Administration of low-dose amlodipine (0.5 mg kg(-1) per day) or atorvastatin (1 mg kg(-1) per day) alone for 7 days failed to modulate leukocyte adhesion, whereas their co-administration for 7 days significantly inhibited leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis showed that injury-induced oxidative stress and CD11b expression in three leukocyte fractions were elevated after injury and then reduced after the co-administration. Next, adoptive transfer of mononuclear cells (MNCs) was performed and MNCs were harvested from mice after wire injury exhibited adhesion to the recipient injured artery. Furthermore, the co-administration of low-dose atorvastatin and amlodipine to MNCs or the vasculature reduced the recruitment of MNCs to the injured artery. Our findings indicate that amlodipine and atorvastatin synergistically inhibit vascular inflammation. The underlying mechanisms of their effect involve, at least in part, stabilizing oxidative stress at the point of injury, suggesting the clinical efficacy of this drug combination for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiko Hagita
- Life Science and Bioethics Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ito S, Osaka M, Higuchi Y, Nishijima F, Ishii H, Yoshida M. Indoxyl sulfate induces leukocyte-endothelial interactions through up-regulation of E-selectin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38869-75. [PMID: 20937831 PMCID: PMC2998130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a positive correlation between chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis, the causative role of uremic toxins in leukocyte-endothelial interactions has not been reported. We thus examined the effects of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, on leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. Pretreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with indoxyl sulfate significantly enhanced the adhesion of human monocytic cells (THP-1 cell line) to TNF-α-activated HUVEC under physiological flow conditions. Treatment with indoxyl sulfate enhanced the expression level of E-selectin, but not that of ICAM-1 or VCAM-1, in HUVEC. Indoxyl sulfate treatment enhanced the activation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in TNF-α-activated HUVEC. Inhibitors of JNK and NF-κB attenuated indoxyl sulfate-induced E-selectin expression in HUVEC and subsequent THP-1 adhesion. Furthermore, treatment with the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the glutathione donor N-acetylcysteine inhibited indoxyl sulfate-induced enhancement of THP-1 adhesion to HUVEC. Next, we examined the in vivo effect of indoxyl sulfate in nephrectomized chronic kidney disease model mice. Indoxyl sulfate-induced leukocyte adhesion to the femoral artery was significantly reduced by anti-E-selectin antibody treatment. These findings suggest that indoxyl sulfate enhances leukocyte-endothelial interactions through up-regulation of E-selectin, presumably via the JNK- and NF-κB-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ito
- From the Department of Life Science and Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
- the Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo 169-8503, Japan
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- From the Department of Life Science and Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- the Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo 169-8503, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Nishijima
- the Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo 169-8503, Japan
| | - Hideto Ishii
- From the Department of Life Science and Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- From the Department of Life Science and Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
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Aihara K, Ishii H, Yoshida M. Casein-derived tripeptide, Val-Pro-Pro (VPP), modulates monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 16:594-603. [PMID: 19907102 DOI: 10.5551/jat.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A food-derived bioactive tripeptide, Val-Pro-Pro (VPP), has been shown to possess angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and foods containing such peptides exhibit an anti-hypertensive effect in clinical settings. METHODS The present study focused on the effect of VPP on monocyte adhesion to endothelium under flow conditions using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells. RESULTS Pre-incubation of THP-1 cells with VPP (1 mM, 24 hours) significantly decreased the PMA-induced adhesion of THP-1 cells (p<0.05) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PMA-induced up-regulation of beta1 and beta2 integrin activation in THP-1 cells was downregulated by VPP, which significantly suppressed only the PMA-induced phosphorylation of JNK (p<0.05) in THP-1 cells. In addition, preincubation of THP-1 with SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, resulted in significant reduction of the PMA-induced adhesion of THP-1. Interestingly, another tripeptide with comparable ACE inhibitory activity, Leu-Gly-Pro (LGP), failed to reduce the PMA-induced adhesion of THP-1, suggesting a distinct anti-inflammatory effect of VPP on THP-1 adhesion. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that VPP moderates monocyte adhesion to inflamed endothelia via attenuation of the JNK pathway in monocytes, which might contribute to the primary prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Aihara
- Functional Food and Drink Development Laboratory, Calpis Co., Ltd, Japan
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Ino J, Kojima C, Osaka M, Nitta K, Yoshida M. Dynamic Observation of Mechanically-Injured Mouse Femoral Artery Reveals an Antiinflammatory Effect of Renin Inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1858-63. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.182519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ino
- From the Life Science and Bioethics Research Center (J.I., C.K., M.O., M.Y.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Department of Internal Medicine IV (J.I., C.K., K.N.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
| | - Chiari Kojima
- From the Life Science and Bioethics Research Center (J.I., C.K., M.O., M.Y.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Department of Internal Medicine IV (J.I., C.K., K.N.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- From the Life Science and Bioethics Research Center (J.I., C.K., M.O., M.Y.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Department of Internal Medicine IV (J.I., C.K., K.N.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- From the Life Science and Bioethics Research Center (J.I., C.K., M.O., M.Y.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Department of Internal Medicine IV (J.I., C.K., K.N.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- From the Life Science and Bioethics Research Center (J.I., C.K., M.O., M.Y.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and the Department of Internal Medicine IV (J.I., C.K., K.N.), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan
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Kimouli M, Miyakis S, Georgakopoulos P, Neofytou E, Achimastos AD, Spandidos DA. Polymorphisms of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 gene in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:604-10. [PMID: 19755791 DOI: 10.5551/jat.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The chemokine fractalikine is expressed in vascular endothelium, exerting a pro-atherogenic effect. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CX3CR1 gene (T280M and V249I) affect frac-talkine receptor expression and function. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CX3CR1 polymor-phisms and the association with ischemic cerebrovascular attacks in a cohort of carotid atheromatous disease patients and age-matched controls. METHODS Using PCR-RFLP, we analyzed allelotypes for T280M and V249I in 150 patients with and 151 controls without carotid atherosclerosis assessed using carotid duplex ultrasound; the subjects were patients admitted for any reason to a tertiary hospital. Genotype data were compared with modifiable risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and the reason for admission, using ischemic stroke as an endpoint. Stroke types associated with carotid atherosclerosis were analysed separately. RESULTS The M280 allelic frequency was lower among carotid atherosclerosis patients than controls (0.15 versus 0.23, adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.74). Absence of M280 allele was an indepen-dent factor associated with carotid atherosclerosis (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.92-7.14), stronger than hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking. The I249 allele was also under-repre-sented in carotid atherosclerosis; this was not statistically significant. T280M and V249I genotypes were not associated with admission due to ischemic stroke of the large vessel subtype (TOAST classi-fication, 73 episodes), whereas carotid atherosclerosis, previous ischemic event, age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cigarette smoking were all independently associated. CONCLUSIONS The M280 fractalkine receptor gene allele is associated with a lower risk of carotid ath-eromatous disease, independent from the modifiable cerebrovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kimouli
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece
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