1
|
Sigmund CD. The 2023 Walter B. Cannon Award Lecture: Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Function and Blood Pressure by the PPARγ-RhoBTB1-CUL3 Pathway. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqad071. [PMID: 38196837 PMCID: PMC10775765 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetic and clinical trial data suggest that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor transcription factor plays an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. The examination of a series of novel animal models, coupled with transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, has revealed that PPARγ and its target genes employ diverse pathways to regulate vascular function and blood pressure. In endothelium, PPARγ target genes promote an antioxidant state, stimulating both nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and bioavailability, essential components of endothelial-smooth muscle communication. In vascular smooth muscle, PPARγ induces the expression of a number of genes that promote an antiinflammatory state and tightly control the level of cGMP, thus promoting responsiveness to endothelial-derived NO. One of the PPARγ targets in smooth muscle, Rho related BTB domain containing 1 (RhoBTB1) acts as a substrate adaptor for proteins to be ubiquitinated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-3 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. One of these proteins, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a target of the Cullin-3/RhoBTB1 pathway. Phosphodiesterase 5 degrades cGMP to GMP and thus regulates the smooth muscle response to NO. Moreover, expression of RhoBTB1 under condition of RhoBTB1 deficiency reverses established arterial stiffness. In conclusion, the coordinated action of PPARγ in endothelium and smooth muscle is needed to maintain NO bioavailability and activity, is an essential regulator of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance, and regulates blood vessel structure and stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ju Y, Gu L, Hu M, Zheng M, Zhou X, Li Q, Zhang X. Andrographolide exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating the LRP1-mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175756. [PMID: 37179044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (LRP1) is widely expressed in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. Studies have revealed that the suppression of LRP1 expression in the brain significantly exacerbates Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathology. Andrographolide (Andro) has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties, although its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether Andro can inhibit neuroinflammation in AD by modulating the LRP1-mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. In Aβ-induced BV-2 cells, Andro was found to increase cell viability and enhance the expression of LRP1, while decreasing the expression of p-NF-κB (p65) and NF-κB(p65), as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In addition, when Aβ was cotreatment with Andro to BV2 cells with either LRP1 or PPARγ knockdown, increased mRNA and protein expression of p-NF-κB(p65) and NF-κB(p65), NF-κB DNA binding activity as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were observed. These findings suggested that Andro could attenuate Aβ induced cytotoxicity by reducing neuroinflammation which may be partly attributed to its effects on this LRP1 mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ju
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukohda M, Mizuno R, Saito F, Matsui T, Ozaki H. Hypertension is linked to enhanced lymphatic contractile response via RGS16/RhoA/ROCK pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1118-H1129. [PMID: 36306212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00496.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lymph capillary network can be expected to alter blood pressure via regulating interstitial electrolyte and volume balance. However, the pathophysiology of lymphatic vessel in hypertension is poorly understood. In this study, we examined lymph vessel function focusing on contractile response in hypertensive rats. It was found that thoracic ducts isolated from adult (10-14 wk old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exhibited increased agonist-mediated contraction compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, whereas lymphatic contractions in younger (4 wk old) SHRs, exhibiting normal blood pressure, were no different compared with age-matched control rats. Tight regulation of blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs (hydrochlorothiazide/hydralazine) did not prevent the augmented lymphatic contraction in adult SHRs; however, treatment of SHRs with angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor blocker (losartan) for 6 wk abolished the augmentation of lymphatic contractions. In addition, ANG II infusion in Wistar rat caused augmented lymphatic contractile responses in the thoracic duct. The augmented contractions in adult SHRs were diminished by a ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632). Consistently, the thoracic ducts in SHRs showed significantly higher phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting protein-1 than WKY rats. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of adult SHR lymphatics showed marked loss of regulator of G-protein signaling 16 (RGS16) mRNA, which was confirmed by the real-time PCR. Treatment with the RGS inhibitor CCG-63808 enhanced contractions in thoracic ducts from Wistar rats, which were abolished by the ROCK inhibitor. It is concluded that lymphatic contractile function was enhanced in hypertensive model rats, which could be mediated by dysregulation of the ROCK pathway possibly through RGS16.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lymph capillary controls interstitial electrolyte and volume balance, which may blunt increased blood pressure. However, the function of lymphatic vessel in hypertension is poorly understood. Our study showed that the lymphatic smooth muscle contractility is hyperreactive in two different hypertensive models. The lymphatic dysfunction could be mediated by dysregulation of ROCK pathway possibly through RGS16. The present finding supports a new concept showing the functional relationship between lymphatic contractile activity and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Risuke Mizuno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Saito
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Matsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghasemi Darestani N, Bahrami A, Mozafarian MR, Esmalian Afyouni N, Akhavanfar R, Abouali R, Moradian A, Lorase S. Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214627. [PMID: 36364885 PMCID: PMC9656750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation on inflammatory gene expression (IGE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are becoming more evident. However, an overview of the results from randomized controlled trials is lacking. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on MS (based on the criteria of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) and inflammatory gene expression (IGE). A search was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for cohort studies published from the inception of the database up to May 2022 that assessed the associations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with EDSS and inflammatory gene expression (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)) outcomes. For the highest vs. lowest comparison, the relative risk (RR) estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using the random-effect model. In total, 13 cohort studies with 1353 participants were included in the meta-analysis during periods of 3 to 144 weeks. A significant inverse relationship was found between DHA and EDSS scores (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.48; p < 0.00001). Our results also showed that omega-3 FAs significantly upregulated the gene expression of PPAR-γ (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.38; p < 0.03) and downregulated the expression of TNF-α (RR: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.99, 0.70; p < 0.00001) and IL-1 (RR: −0.60; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.18; p < 0.003). There was no clear evidence of publication bias with Egger’s tests for inflammatory gene expression (p = 0.266). Moreover, n-3 PUFAs and EPA were not significantly associated with EDSS scores (p > 0.05). In this meta-analysis of cohort studies, blood omega-3 FA concentrations were inversely related to inflammatory gene expression (IGE) and EDSS score, which indicates that they may hold great potential markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of MS. However, further clinical trials are required to confirm the potential effects of the omega-3 FAs on MS disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417643184, Iran
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.M.); Tel.: +98-9199300065 (A.B.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Mozafarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75, Iran
| | - Nazgol Esmalian Afyouni
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Reza Abouali
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases—IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arsalan Moradian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacist, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.M.); Tel.: +98-9199300065 (A.B.)
| | - Saman Lorase
- Department of Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Shi Y, Peng D, Wang L, Yu N, Wang G, Chen W. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) in the Treating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on the Regulator of Metabolic Targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:842980. [PMID: 35528835 PMCID: PMC9072665 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.842980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly prevalent due to its strong association with increased metabolic syndrome such as cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders and diabetes. Few drugs can meet the growing disease burden of NAFLD. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) have been used for over 2,000 years in clinical trials to treat NAFLD and metabolic syndrome disease without clarified defined mechanisms. Metabolic targets restored metabolic homeostasis in patients with NAFLD and improved steatosis by reducing the delivery of metabolic substrates to liver as a promising way. Here we systematic review evidence showing that Danshen against NAFLD through diverse and crossing mechanisms based on metabolic targets. A synopsis of the phytochemistry and pharmacokinetic of Danshen and the mechanisms of metabolic targets regulating the progression of NAFLD is initially provided, followed by the pharmacological activity of Danshen in the management NAFLD. And then, the possible mechanisms of Danshen in the management of NAFLD based on metabolic targets are elucidated. Specifically, the metabolic targets c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear translocation carbohydrate response element–binding protein (ChREBP) related with lipid metabolism pathway, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the others associated with pleiotropic metabolism will be discussed. Finally, providing a critical assessment of the preclinic and clinic model and the molecular mechanism in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang,
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei, China
- Weidong Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
6-Gingerol exerts a protective effect against hypoxic injury through the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 and p38/NF-κB pathway in H9c2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108975. [PMID: 35245652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginger, one of the most widely consumed condiment for various foods and beverages, has many pharmacological effects. 6-gingerol, a naturally occurring phenol, is one of the major pungent constituents of ginger. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of 6-gingerol on the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 and p38/NF-κB signaling pathway, as a possible means of combating hypoxia-related oxidative stress. H9c2 cells were chemically induced with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxia-associated cellular damage. Cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. Reactive oxygen species production was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The antioxidative property of 6-gingerol was measured by estimating the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC-propidium iodide double staining. Western blotting was used to evaluate levels of p-p38, p38, cytoplasm p65, nuclear p65, total p65, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, Keap1, HIF-1α, and HO-1. 6-gingerol was able to counter hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury as evidenced by inhibiting the levels of oxidative stress indexes and increasing the percentage of apoptosis. Furthermore, 6-gingerol was able to down-regulate p-p38/p38, nuclear p65, total p65 and Keap1 expression induced by CoCl2 stimulation and increased cytoplasm p65, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, HO-1, and HIF-1α expression. However, treatment with specific Nrf2 inhibitor blunted the activation of Nrf2 signaling and removed the protective effects of 6-gingerol. These experiments provide evidence that 6-gingerol exerts cytoprotective effects, which may be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, potentially through activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the p38/NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ertuglu LA, Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:793924. [PMID: 34966295 PMCID: PMC8711096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is seen in both hypertensive and normotensive populations. Insulin resistance (IR) strongly correlates with SSBP and affects nearly 50% of salt sensitive people. While the precise mechanism by which IR and SSBP relate remains elusive, several common pathways are involved in the genesis of both processes, including vascular dysfunction and immune activation. Vascular dysfunction associated with insulin resistance is characterized by loss of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation and heightened endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction, as well as capillary rarefaction. It manifests with increased blood pressure (BP) in salt sensitive murine models. Another common denominator in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, hypertension, and salt sensitivity (SS) is immune activation involving pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In the last decade, a new understanding of interstitial sodium storage in tissues such as skin and muscle has revolutionized traditional concepts of body sodium handling and pathogenesis of SS. We have shown that interstitial Na+ can trigger a T cell mediated inflammatory response through formation of isolevuglandin protein adducts in antigen presenting cells (APCs), and that this response is implicated in salt sensitive hypertension. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that modulates both insulin sensitivity and BP. PPARγ agonists increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate salt sensitivity, whereas deficiency of PPARγ results in severe insulin resistance and hypertension. These findings suggest that PPARγ plays a role in the common pathogenesis of insulin sensitivity and salt sensitivity, perhaps via effects on the immune system and vascular function. The goal of this review is to discuss those mechanisms that may play a role in both SSBP and in insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sakshi S, Jayasuriya R, Ganesan K, Xu B, Ramkumar KM. Role of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network in diabetes and its associated complications. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1291-1302. [PMID: 34853728 PMCID: PMC8609106 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the non-protein-coding RNAs are being identified with diversified functions that participate in cellular homeostasis. The circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as noncoding transcripts with a key role in the initiation and development of many physiological and pathological conditions. The advancements in high-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools help us to identify several circRNA regulatory pathways, one of which is microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation. Besides the direct influence over mRNA transcription, the circRNA can also control the target's expression via sponging miRNAs or the RNA-binding proteins. Studies have demonstrated the dysregulation of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including diabetes. This intricate mechanism is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. This review will focus on the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network that influences the gene expression in the progression of diabetes and its associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Sakshi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
PPARγ increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-κB/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension. Blood Adv 2021; 5:399-413. [PMID: 33496741 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we defined the role of endothelial specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) function and novel PPARγ/HUWE1/miR-98 signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCD-PH. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were increased in chimeric Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) mice with endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout (SSePPARγKO) compared with chimeric littermate control (SSLitCon). Lung levels of PPARγ, HUWE1, and miR-98 were reduced in SSePPARγKO mice compared with SSLitCon mice, whereas SSePPARγKO lungs were characterized by increased levels of p65, ET-1, and VCAM1. Collectively, these findings indicate that loss of endothelial PPARγ is sufficient to increase ET-1 and VCAM1 that contribute to endothelial dysfunction and SCD-PH pathogenesis. Levels of HUWE1 and miR-98 were decreased, and p65 levels were increased in the lungs of SS mice in vivo and in hemin-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) in vitro. Although silencing of p65 does not regulate HUWE1 levels, the loss of HUWE1 increased p65 levels in HPAECs. Overexpression of PPARγ attenuated hemin-induced reductions of HUWE1 and miR-98 and increases in p65 and endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, PPARγ activation attenuated baseline PH and RVH and increased HUWE1 and miR-98 in SS lungs. In vitro, hemin treatment reduced PPARγ, HUWE1, and miR-98 levels and increased p65 expression, HPAEC monocyte adhesion, and proliferation. These derangements were attenuated by pharmacological PPARγ activation. Targeting these signaling pathways can favorably modulate a spectrum of pathobiological responses in SCD-PH pathogenesis, highlighting novel therapeutic targets in SCD pulmonary vascular dysfunction and PH.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang S, Livergood MC, Nakagawa P, Wu J, Sigmund CD. Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 128:1021-1039. [PMID: 33793338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - M Christine Livergood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.C.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Que Y, Shu X, Wang L, Wang S, Li S, Hu P, Tong X. Inactivation of SERCA2 Cys 674 accelerates aortic aneurysms by suppressing PPARγ. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2305-2323. [PMID: 33591571 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inactivation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) causes intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, which activates calcineurin-mediated nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT)/NF-κB pathways, and results in the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to accelerate angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to mimic partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The aortas of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type mice were collected for RNA sequencing, cell culture, protein expression, luciferase activity and aortic aneurysm analysis. KEY RESULTS Inactivation of C674 inhibited the promoter activity and protein expression of PPARγ, which could be reversed by inhibitors of calcineurin or NF-κB. In SKI SMCs, inhibition of NF-κB by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid (PDTC) or overexpression of PPARγ2 reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, blocked the activation of NFAT/NF-κB, reversed the protein expression of SMC phenotypic modulation markers, and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and macrophage adhesion to SMCs in SKI SMCs. Furthermore, pioglitazone also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of aortic aneurysms by disrupting the balance between PPARγ and NFAT/NF-κB. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in regulating PPARγ to maintain aortic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Langtao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu J, Fang S, Lu KT, Wackman K, Schwartzman ML, Dikalov SI, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. EP3 (E-Prostanoid 3) Receptor Mediates Impaired Vasodilation in a Mouse Model of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 77:1399-1411. [PMID: 33641369 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Shi Fang
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.).,Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Kelsey Wackman
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla (M.L.S.)
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.D.)
| | - Justin L Grobe
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.W., S.F., K.-T.L., K.W., J.L.G., C.D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This review highlights molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and protective
effects of the nuclear transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor γ (PPARγ) in vascular tissue. PPARγ is an ubiquitously expressed
nuclear factor, and well-studied in adipose tissue and inflammatory cells.
Additionally, beneficial effects of vascular PPARγ’s on atherosclerosis and
vascular remodeling/dysfunction have been reported although the detailed
mechanism remains to be completely elucidated. Clinical and basic studies have
shown that the synthetic PPARγ ligands, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have
protective effects against cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Recent studies utilizing genetic tools suggested that those protective effects
of TZDs on cardiovascular diseases are not due to a consequence of improvement
of insulin resistance, but may be due to a direct effect on PPARγ’s in vascular
endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In this review, we discuss proposed
mechanisms by which the vascular PPARγ regulates vascular inflammation and
remodeling/dysfunction especially in smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang Y, Bao J, Hu J, Liu L, Xu DY. Circular RNA in cardiovascular disease: Expression, mechanisms and clinical prospects. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1817-1824. [PMID: 33350091 PMCID: PMC7882961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed, endogenous, non‐coding RNAs, which exist widely in human tissues including the heart. Increasing evidence has shown that cardiac circRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we aimed to provide a systemic understanding of circRNAs with a special emphasis on the cardiovascular system. We have summarized the current research on the classification, biogenesis and properties of circRNAs as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of CVDs. CircRNAs are conserved, stable and have specific spatiotemporal expression; thus, they have been accepted as a potential diagnostic marker or an incremental prognostic biomarker for CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinghui Bao
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiling Liu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature through its activation of novel PPARγ target genes in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. RECENT FINDINGS In vascular endothelial cells, PPARγ plays a protective role by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and preventing oxidative stress. RBP7 is a PPARγ target gene enriched in vascular endothelial cells, which is likely to form a positive feedback loop with PPARγ. In vascular smooth muscle cells, PPARγ antagonizes the renin-angiotensin system, maintains vascular integrity, suppresses vasoconstriction, and promotes vasodilation through distinct pathways. Rho-related BTB domain containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) is a novel PPARγ gene target in vascular smooth muscle cells that mediates the protective effect of PPARγ by serving as a substrate adaptor between the Cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase and phosphodiesterase 5, thus restraining its activity through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SUMMARY In the vasculature, PPARγ exerts its cardioprotective effect through its transcriptional activity in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. From the understanding of PPARγ's transcription targets in those pathways, novel hypertension therapy target(s) will emerge.
Collapse
|
16
|
Palacios-Ramírez R, Hernanz R, Martín A, Pérez-Girón JV, Barrús MT, González-Carnicero Z, Aguado A, Jaisser F, Briones AM, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Pioglitazone Modulates the Vascular Contractility in Hypertension by Interference with ET-1 Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16461. [PMID: 31712626 PMCID: PMC6848177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important modulator of the vascular tone and a proinflammatory molecule that contributes to the vascular damage observed in hypertension. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) agonists show cardioprotective properties by decreasing inflammatory molecules such as COX-2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. We investigated the possible modulatory effect of PPARγ activation on the vascular effects of ET-1 in hypertension. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive rats, ET-1 enhanced phenylephrine-induced contraction through ETA by a mechanism dependent on activation of TP receptors by COX-2-derived prostacyclin and reduction in NO bioavailability due to enhanced ROS production. In SHR, the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (2.5 mg/Kg·day, 28 days) reduced the increased ETA levels and increased those of ETB. After pioglitazone treatment of SHR, ET-1 through ETB decreased ROS levels that resulted in increased NO bioavailability and diminished phenylephrine contraction. In vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR, ET-1 increased ROS production through AP-1 and NFκB activation, leading to enhanced COX-2 expression. These effects were blocked by pioglitazone. In summary, in hypertension, pioglitazone shifts the vascular ETA/ETB ratio, reduces ROS/COX-2 activation and increases NO availability; these changes explain the effect of ET-1 decreasing phenylephrine-induced contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Palacios-Ramírez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Inserm U1138, Cordeliers Institute, Paris VI-University, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Martín
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Pérez-Girón
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María T Barrús
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoe González-Carnicero
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Andrea Aguado
- Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Inserm U1138, Cordeliers Institute, Paris VI-University, Paris, France
| | - Ana M Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mukohda M. [Role of PPARγ, a transcription factor in cardiovascular disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:56-60. [PMID: 31406043 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand activated transcription factor known to regulate fatty acid metabolism. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), PPARγ synthetic agonists, currently used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, have been shown to lower the blood pressure and protect against vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In line with these findings, it has been reported that individuals with loss-of-function mutations of PPARγ developed sever early-onset hypertension in addition to metabolic abnormalities. Accumulating evidences suggest PPARγ in the vasculature has protective effects on cardiovascular disease despite unclear mechanism. Because of ubiquitous expression of PPARγ, TZDs are well-known to be associated with serious side effects such as weight gain, fluid retention, and bone fractures. Thus identification of mechanisms on tissue-specific PPARγ activity may lead to the development of targeted treatment which is characterized by no deleterious effects. This review discusses role of PPARγ in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Calvier L, Boucher P, Herz J, Hansmann G. LRP1 Deficiency in Vascular SMC Leads to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension That Is Reversed by PPARγ Activation. Circ Res 2019; 124:1778-1785. [PMID: 31023188 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Arterial remodeling-a hallmark of many cardiovascular pathologies including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-is regulated by TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor-β1)-TGFβ receptors and the antagonistic, vasoprotective BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2)-PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) axis. However, it is unclear which factors drive detrimental TGFβ1 pathways in the hypertensive pulmonary vasculature. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) expression is decreased in PAH, leading to enhancement (disinhibition) of TGFβ1 signals and that the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone can restore vascular homeostasis and prevent PAH resulting from LRP1 deletion in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Targeted deletion of LRP1 in vascular SMC (smLRP1-/-) in mice disinhibited TGFβ1-CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) signaling, leading to spontaneous PAH and distal pulmonary arterial muscularization as assessed by closed-chest cardiac catheterization and anti-αSMA staining. Pioglitazone inhibited the canonical TGFβ1-CTGF axis in human pulmonary artery SMC and smLRP1-/- main pulmonary artery (CTGF and NOX4) and reversed PAH in smLRP1-/- mice. TGFβ1 boosted pSmad3 in PASMC from smLRP1-/- mice versus controls. Pioglitazone-activated PPARγ binds to Smad3 in human pulmonary artery SMC (coimmunoprecipitation), thereby blocking its phosphorylation and overriding LRP1 deficiency. Finally, mRNA and protein expression of LRP1 was decreased in pulmonary plexiform lesions of patients with end-stage idiopathic PAH (laser capture microdissection, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry). Downregulation of LRP1 protein was also demonstrated in explanted PASMC from patients with PAH and accompanied by enhanced TGFβ1-pSmad3-CTGF signaling and increased TGFβ1-induced PASMC proliferation that was prevented by pioglitazone. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identify LRP1 as an integrator of TGFβ1-mediated mechanisms that regulate vascular remodeling in mice and clinical PAH and PPARγ as a therapeutic target that controls canonical TGFβ1 pathways. Hence, pharmacologic PPARγ activation represents a promising new therapy for patients with PAH who lack the vasoprotective LRP1 in vascular SMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care (L.C., G.H.), Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Pulmonary Vascular Research Center (L.C., G.H.), Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics (L.C., J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research (L.C., J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Philippe Boucher
- UMR CNRS 7021, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France (P.B.)
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics (L.C., J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research (L.C., J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Neuroscience (J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Center for Neuroscience, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany (J.H.)
| | - Georg Hansmann
- From the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care (L.C., G.H.), Hannover Medical School, Germany.,Pulmonary Vascular Research Center (L.C., G.H.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mukohda M, Fang S, Wu J, Agbor LN, Nair AR, Ibeawuchi SRC, Hu C, Liu X, Lu KT, Guo DF, Davis DR, Keen HL, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. RhoBTB1 protects against hypertension and arterial stiffness by restraining phosphodiesterase 5 activity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2318-2332. [PMID: 30896450 DOI: 10.1172/jci123462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice selectively expressing PPARγ dominant negative mutation in vascular smooth muscle exhibit RhoBTB1-deficiency and hypertension. Our rationale was to employ genetic complementation to uncover the mechanism of action of RhoBTB1 in vascular smooth muscle. Inducible smooth muscle-specific restoration of RhoBTB1 fully corrected the hypertension and arterial stiffness by improving vasodilator function. Notably, the cardiovascular protection occurred despite preservation of increased agonist-mediated contraction and RhoA/Rho kinase activity, suggesting RhoBTB1 selectively controls vasodilation. RhoBTB1 augmented the cGMP response to nitric oxide by restraining the activity of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) by acting as a substrate adaptor delivering PDE5 to the Cullin-3 E3 Ring ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination inhibiting PDE5. Angiotensin-II infusion also caused RhoBTB1-deficiency and hypertension which was prevented by smooth muscle specific RhoBTB1 restoration. We conclude that RhoBTB1 protected from hypertension, vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in at least two models of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Larry N Agbor
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anand R Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stella-Rita C Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Deborah R Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Henry L Keen
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jackson AO, Regine MA, Subrata C, Long S. Molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation in atherosclerosis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2018; 21:36-44. [PMID: 30276232 PMCID: PMC6161413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) manifested by lipid accumulation, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and calcification in the intima and media of the large to medium size arteries promoting arterial stiffness and reduction of elasticity. It has been accepted that AS leads to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies indicated that genetic abnormalities play an important role in the development of AS. Specific genetic mutation and histone modification have been found to induce AS formation. Furthermore, specific RNAs such as microRNAs and circular RNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in the progression of AS. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA induce AS still remain elusive. This review describes specific mechanisms and pathways through which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA instigate AS. This review further provides a therapeutic strategic direction for the treatment of AS targeting genetic mechanisms. DNA and histone modifications promote transcriptional changes in atherosclerosis. Gene mutations cause dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia to promote atherosclerosis. miRNAs and cirRNA are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Gene mutations associated oxidative stress and altered inflammatory and nutritive factors promote atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ampadu-Okyere Jackson
- Research lab of translational medicine, Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.,International college, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Mugwaneza Annick Regine
- Research lab of translational medicine, Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China.,International college, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Chakrabarti Subrata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiyin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Macías-González M, Martín-Núñez GM, Garrido-Sánchez L, García-Fuentes E, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S. Decreased blood pressure is related to changes in NF-kB promoter methylation levels after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1327-1334. [PMID: 30057095 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation, and bariatric surgery is proposed as an effective treatment for reducing the obesity-related co-morbidities. Epigenetic modifications could be involved in the metabolic improvement after surgery. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether DNA methylation pattern from genes related to inflammation and insulin response is associated with the metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients and if these changes depend on the surgical procedure. SETTING University hospital, Spain. METHODS We studied 60 severely obese patients; 31 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 29 underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. All patients were examined before and at 6 months after bariatric surgery. DNA methylation profile of genes related to the inflammatory response and insulin sensitivity was measured by pyrosequencing. RESULTS The promoter methylation levels of the NFKB1 gene were increased significantly after surgery (2.16 ± .9 versus 2.8 ± 1.03). The decrease in blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, after surgery was significantly associated with the changes in the promoter methylation levels of the NFKB1 gene (β = -.513, P = .003 and β = -.543, P = .004, respectively). A decrease in inflammation status, measured by high sensitivity C-reactive protein values, was associated with changes in SLC19A1 methylation levels. CONCLUSION Our study shows for the first time an association between NFKB1 methylation levels and blood pressure after bariatric surgery, highlighting the possible function of this gene in the regulation of arterial pressure. Regarding SLC19A1, this gene could position as a potential target linking inflammation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Macías-González
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gracia María Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen J, Cui L, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Sang H. Circular RNA WDR77 target FGF-2 to regulate vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by sponging miR-124. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|