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Yang H, Liu Y, Ning Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Weng P, Wu Z. Characterization of an Intracellular Alkaline Serine Protease from Bacillus velezensis SW5 with Fibrinolytic Activity. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1610-1621. [PMID: 32274531 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ISP-SW5 is an intracellular alkaline serine protease gene from Bacillus velezensis SW5 that was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Sequence analysis indicated that the ISP-SW5 gene has 960 bp open reading frame and encodes a protein of 319 amino acid residues. Three-dimensional structure of ISP-SW5 with the fibrinolytic activity from Bacillus velezensis was predicted by in silico analysis. Gly219 was the most likely active site for the fibrinolytic activity of ISP-SW5. The recombinant enzyme ISP-SW5 was purified by Ni-NTA Superflow Column. SDS-PAGE showed that this enzyme had a molecular mass of 34 kDa. The result of native-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing showed that the N-terminal propeptide of ISP-SW5 was cleaved during the maturation of protease. The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Enzyme activity was markedly inhibited by PMSF and EDTA but enhanced by 5 mM Ca2+ and 2 mM Zn2+ by up to 143% and 115%, respectively. Additionally, ISP-SW5 retained 93%, 78%, and 49% relative enzyme activity after incubation with 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M NaCl, respectively, at 4 °C for 12 h. The enzyme activity determined by casein as substrate was 1261 U/mg. ISP-SW5 could degrade fibrin at an activity of 3428 U/mg, and its properties reflect its potential application in developing a novel biological catalyst for efficient fibrin hydrolysis in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yang
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchang Ning
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China.
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Bath PM, Brainin M, Brown C, Campbell B, Davis SM, Donnan GA, Ford GA, Hacke W, Iglesias C, Lees KR, Pugh SS, Saver JL, Schellinger PD, Truelsen T. Testing devices for the prevention and treatment of stroke and its complications. Int J Stroke 2015; 9:683-95. [PMID: 25043517 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We are entering a challenging but exciting period when many new interventions may appear for stroke based on the use of devices. Hopefully these will lead to improved outcomes at a cost that can be afforded in most parts of the world. Nevertheless, it is vital that lessons are learnt from failures in the development of pharmacological interventions (and from some early device studies), including inadequate preclinical testing, suboptimal trial design and analysis, and underpowered studies. The device industry is far more disparate than that seen for pharmaceuticals; companies are very variable in size and experience in stroke, and are developing interventions across a wide range of stroke treatment and prevention. It is vital that companies work together where sales and marketing are not involved, including in understanding basic stroke mechanisms, prospective systematic reviews, and education of physicians. Where possible, industry and academics should also work closely together to ensure trials are designed to be relevant to patient care and outcomes. Additionally, regulation of the device industry lags behind that for pharmaceuticals, and it is critical that new interventions are shown to be safe and effective rather than just feasible. Phase IV postmarketing surveillance studies will also be needed to ensure that devices are safe when used in the 'real-world' and to pick up uncommon adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Mehta BP, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Chandra RV, Bell DL, Sun CHJ, Hirsch JA, Rabinov JD, Rost NS, Schwamm LH, Goldstein JN, Levine WC, Gupta R, Yoo AJ. Reducing door-to-puncture times for intra-arterial stroke therapy: a pilot quality improvement project. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000963. [PMID: 25389281 PMCID: PMC4338685 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delays to intra-arterial therapy (IAT) lead to worse outcomes in stroke patients with proximal occlusions. Little is known regarding the magnitude of, and reasons for, these delays. In a pilot quality improvement (QI) project, we sought to examine and improve our door-puncture times. METHODS AND RESULTS For anterior-circulation stroke patients who underwent IAT, we retrospectively calculated in-hospital time delays associated with various phases from patient arrival to groin puncture. We formulated and then implemented a process change targeted to the phase with the greatest delay. We examined the impact on time to treatment by comparing the pre- and post-QI cohorts. One hundred forty-six patients (93 pre- vs. 51 post-QI) were analyzed. In the pre-QI cohort (ie, sequential process), the greatest delay occurred from imaging to the neurointerventional (NI) suite ("picture-suite": median, 62 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 40 to 82). A QI measure was instituted so that the NI team and anesthesiologist were assembled and the suite set up in parallel with completion of imaging and decision making. The post-QI (ie, parallel process) median picture-to-suite time was 29 minutes (IQR, 21 to 41; P<0.0001). There was a 36-minute reduction in median door-to-puncture time (143 vs. 107 minutes; P<0.0001). Parallel workflow and presentation during work hours were independent predictors of shorter door-puncture times. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital delays are a major obstacle to timely IAT. A simple approach for achieving substantial time savings is to mobilize the NI and anesthesia teams during patient evaluation and treatment decision making. This parallel workflow resulted in a >30-minute (25%) reduction in median door-to-puncture times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh P Mehta
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.) Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., N.S.R., L.H.S.)
| | - Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.) Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., N.S.R., L.H.S.)
| | - Ronil V Chandra
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.)
| | - Donnie L Bell
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.)
| | - Chung-Huan J Sun
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.H.J.S.)
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.)
| | - James D Rabinov
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.)
| | - Natalia S Rost
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., N.S.R., L.H.S.)
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., N.S.R., L.H.S.)
| | - Joshua N Goldstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.N.G.)
| | - Wilton C Levine
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (W.C.L.)
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Wellstar Neurosurgery, Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA (R.G.)
| | - Albert J Yoo
- Division of Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (A.J.Y.) Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (B.P.M., T.M.L.M., R.V.C., D.L.B., J.A.H., J.D.R., A.J.Y.)
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Saver JL, Jovin TG, Smith WS, Albers GW, Baron JC, Boltze J, Broderick JP, Davis LA, Demchuk AM, DeSena S, Fiehler J, Gorelick PB, Hacke W, Holt B, Jahan R, Jing H, Khatri P, Kidwell CS, Lees KR, Lev MH, Liebeskind DS, Luby M, Lyden P, Megerian JT, Mocco J, Muir KW, Rowley HA, Ruedy RM, Savitz SI, Sipelis VJ, Shimp SK, Wechsler LR, Wintermark M, Wu O, Yavagal DR, Yoo AJ. Stroke treatment academic industry roundtable: research priorities in the assessment of neurothrombectomy devices. Stroke 2013; 44:3596-601. [PMID: 24193797 PMCID: PMC4142766 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) meetings is to advance the development of stroke therapies. At STAIR VIII, consensus recommendations were developed for clinical trial strategies to demonstrate the benefit of endovascular reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Prospects for success with forthcoming endovascular trials are robust, because new neurothrombectomy devices have superior reperfusion efficacy compared with earlier-generation interventions. Specific recommendations are provided for trial designs in 3 populations: (1) patients undergoing intravenous fibrinolysis, (2) early patients ineligible for or having failed intravenous fibrinolysis, and (3) wake-up and other late-presenting patients. Among intravenous fibrinolysis-eligible patients, key principles are that CT or MRI confirmation of target arterial occlusions should precede randomization; endovascular intervention should be pursued with the greatest rapidity possible; and combined intravenous and neurothrombectomy therapy is more promising than neurothrombectomy alone. Among patients ineligible for or having failed intravenous fibrinolysis, scientific equipoise was affirmed and the need to randomize all eligible patients emphasized. Vessel imaging to confirm occlusion is mandatory, and infarct core and penumbral imaging is desirable in later time windows. Additional STAIR VIII recommendations include approaches to test multiple devices in a single trial, utility weighting of disability end points, and adaptive designs to delineate time and tissue injury thresholds at which benefits from intervention no longer accrue. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular research priorities in acute ischemic stroke are to perform trials testing new, highly effective neuro thrombectomy devices rapidly deployed in patients confirmed to have target vessel occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Stroke Institute, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.W.A.)
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