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Nguyen TD, Farshchi N, Ulbricht TJT, Leopold A, Schmidt T, Uhlig K, Stommel M, Voit B, Gedan‐Smolka M. The crystallinity of chemically PA‐PTFE‐oil compounds by X‐ray diffraction and DSC. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Nguyen TD, Schmidt T, Meißner T, Malanin M, Uhlig K, Schlendstedt K, Schwarz S, Stommel M, Voit B, Gedan‐Smolka M. Chemically bonded
PA‐PTFE
‐oil compounds by reactive processing: Chemical, thermal, morphological, and mechanical analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Duong Nguyen
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Till Meißner
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Mikhail Malanin
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Kai Uhlig
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Kornelia Schlendstedt
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Markus Stommel
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Michaela Gedan‐Smolka
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department Materials Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V Dresden Germany
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Natarajan E, Santhosh MS, Markandan K, Sasikumar R, Saravanakumar N, Dilip AA. Mechanical and wear behaviour of PEEK, PTFE and PU: review and experimental study. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Soft polymers such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyurethane (PU) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have gained significant research interest in the last few decades owing to their excellent material properties which can be harnessed to meet the demands of various applications such as biomedical implants and accessories, insulation panels to cooking utensils, inner coating material for non-stick cookware etc. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive review on the mechanical and tribological behaviour of PEEK, PU and PTFE polymers. Samples of these materials were also fabricated and the experimentally obtained tensile strength, flexural strength, wear rate and coefficient of frictions were ascertained with values reported in literature. It is highlighted that coefficient of friction of polymers were highly dependent on the surface texture of the polymer’s surface; where an uneven surface exhibited higher coefficient of friction. Perspectives for future progress are also highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elango Natarajan
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University , Kuala Lumpur 56000 , Malaysia
| | - M. S. Santhosh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Selvam College of Technology , Namakkal , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Kalaimani Markandan
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University , Kuala Lumpur 56000 , Malaysia
| | - R. Sasikumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College , Salem , Tamilnadu , India
| | - N. Saravanakumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research , Coimbatore , Tamilnadu , India
| | - A. Anto Dilip
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research , Coimbatore , Tamilnadu , India
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Nakach M, Authelin JR, Corsini C, Gianola G. Jet milling industrialization of sticky active pharmaceutical ingredient using quality-by-design approach. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:849-863. [PMID: 30998419 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1608449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Jet milling is frequently used in pharmaceutical industry to achieve different objectives. It can be used as enabling technology to overcome poor water solubility linked to hydrophobic active of pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by reducing the particle size and therefore increasing the dissolution rate. Alternatively, jet milling can be used either to enhance blending efficiency of API with excipient in case of formulation at low dosage strength or to achieve the required particle size for inhalation therapy. In this study, development of commercial manufacturing process of sticky API and its industrialization are described. The methodology used is based on quality-by-design approach to deliver safe, effective and robust manufacturing process. The study showed that the specific energy is a key factor that drives particle size during jet milling and the scale-up from lab to industrial scale. After understanding the process, a design space was built where different zones such as operating point, operating space (where the product is compliant to specification despite variability of process parameters), and the knowledge space were outlined. Finally, an industrial installation was proposed to deliver product with high productivity yield, compliant with safety regulation, and cleanable in place.
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Hoffmann T, Bellmann C, Caspari A, Geissler U, Lehmann D. Stability of oil-based dispersions containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) micropowder. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Taeger A, Hoffmann T, Butwilowski W, Heller M, Engelhardt T, Lehmann D. Evidence of chemical compatibilization reaction between poly(ether ether ketone) and irradiation-modified poly(tetrafluoroethylene). HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313506724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) micropowder is used as a lubricant in thermoplastic high-performance polymers, for example, in poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) to improve their tribological properties regarding friction and wear significantly. The achievable effect for improving such properties by using PTFE is not only determined by the added amount of PTFE micropowder in the PEEK-PTFE compound but rather by the possibility to couple and compatibilize the PTFE with the matrix material chemically that has a direct influence on the distribution of the PTFE particles in the polymer matrix and causes improved tribological and mechanical properties. The proof of a chemical reaction between PTFE and PEEK is difficult because the high-molecular weight PEEK is insoluble in all common solvents. The evidence of chemical coupling reaction between PEEK and irradiation-modified PTFE is shown by model studies using reactive OH-terminated PEEK oligomers. The use of diphenyl sulfone as a high-boiling reaction medium was necessary for the precondition to melt both reactants. In this way, qualitative differences have been achieved and confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thus, a safer and indirect detection of the chemical coupling (cc) between PEEK and PTFE (PEEK–PTFE–cc) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Taeger
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Heller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Engelhardt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Lehmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
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Rusu E, Onciu M. Synthesis and properties of new polyamides based on 2′-(4-dimethylaminocinnamoyloxy)ethyl-3,5-diaminobenzoate. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/1568555053084212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Frick A, Sich D, Heinrich G, Lehmann D, Gohs U, Stern C. Properties of melt processable PTFE/PEEK blends: The effect of reactive compatibilization using electron beam irradiated melt processable PTFE. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Effect of chemical treatment of Teflon powder on the properties of polyamide 66/Teflon composites prepared by melt mixing. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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PTFE-Based Rubber Composites for Tribological Applications. ADVANCED RUBBER COMPOSITES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang J, Demas NG, Polycarpou AA, Economy J. A new family of low wear, low coefficient of friction polymer blend based on polytetrafluoroethylene and an aromatic thermosetting polyester. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Klüpfel B, Lehmann D. Functionalization of irradiated PTFE micropowder with methacryl- or hydroxy groups for chemical coupling of PTFE with different matrix polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Pompe G, Häußler L, Adam G, Eichhorn KJ, Janke A, Hupfer B, Lehmann D. Reactive polytetrafluoroethylene/polyamide 6 compounds. II. Study of the reactivity with respect to the functionality of the polytetrafluoroethylene component and analysis of the notched impact strength of the polytetrafluoroethylene/polyamide 6 compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pompe G, Häußler L, Pötschke P, Voigt D, Janke A, Geißler U, Hupfer B, Reinhardt G, Lehmann D. Reactive polytetrafluoroethylene/polyamide compounds. I. Characterization of the compound morphology with respect to the functionality of the polytetrafluoroethylene component by microscopic and differential scanning calorimetry studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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