Gembala MI, Ghanem F, Mann CA, Sorrell VL. Acute changes in left ventricular diastolic function: cigarette smoking versus nicotine gum.
Clin Cardiol 2007;
29:61-4. [PMID:
16506640 PMCID:
PMC6654540 DOI:
10.1002/clc.4960290205]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction has been demonstrated during acute cigarette smoking in patients with coronary artery disease. Similar studies in healthy patients have shown conflicting results. Furthermore, it is unclear whether nicotine or some other cigarette-related substance is responsible for these observations.
HYPOTHESIS
The purpose of the study was to confirm or refute acute effects of cigarette smoking on diastolic function in healthy patients and to compare diastolic effects of a cigarette to smokeless nicotine delivery (nicotine gum).
METHODS
In all, 27 healthy volunteers were self-assigned into one of two cohorts. A baseline echocardiogram was performed in all patients. The first cohort proceeded to smoke a cigarette and the second to chew a piece of nicotine gum. Within minutes after exposure, another echocardiogram was performed. Traditional measures of diastolic function were compared before and after substance exposure by paired t-tests.
RESULTS
The cigarette cohort showed echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction after smoking. The E:A ratio (time integral) decreased from 2.95 to 2.22 (p < 0.002). Atrial reversal pulmonary velocity, atrial reversal duration, and color flow propagation all showed statistically significant alterations (p < 0.05). The nicotine gum cohort showed no change in traditional diastolic parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
Diastolic function is impaired during acute exposure to cigarette smoke but unchanged after exposure to nicotine gum. It is therefore unlikely that nicotine alone is responsible for cigarette-induced acute diastolic dysfunction.
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