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Yang J, Zhao HL, Tang BL, Chen XL, Su HN, Zhang XY, Song XY, Zhou BC, Xie BB, Weiss AS, Zhang YZ. Mechanistic insight into the elastin degradation process by the metalloprotease myroilysin from the deep-sea bacterium Myroides profundi D25. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1481-96. [PMID: 25793427 PMCID: PMC4377995 DOI: 10.3390/md13031481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastases have been widely studied because of their important uses as medicine and meat tenderizers. However, there are relatively few studies on marine elastases. Myroilysin, secreted by Myroides profundi D25 from deep-sea sediment, is a novel elastase. In this study, we examined the elastin degradation mechanism of myroilysin. When mixed with insoluble bovine elastin, myroilysin bound hydrophobically, suggesting that this elastase may interact with the hydrophobic domains of elastin. Consistent with this, analysis of the cleavage pattern of myroilysin on bovine elastin and recombinant tropoelastin revealed that myroilysin preferentially cleaves peptide bonds with hydrophobic residues at the P1 and/or P1′ positions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cross-linked recombinant tropoelastin degraded by myroilysin showed preferential damages of spherules over cross-links, as expected for a hydrophobic preference. The degradation process of myroilysin on bovine elastin fibres was followed by light microscopy and SEM, revealing that degradation begins with the formation of crevices and cavities at the fibre surface, with these openings increasing in number and size until the fibre breaks into small pieces, which are subsequently fragmented. Our results are helpful for developing biotechnological applications for myroilysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Hui-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Province, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Bai-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Hai-Nan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Craddick M, Patel R, Lower A, Highlander S, Ackermann M, McClenahan D. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate release by Mannheimia haemolytica, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-1 stimulated bovine pulmonary epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:58-65. [PMID: 22771196 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica, one of the agents associated with bovine respiratory disease complex, can cause severe lung pathology including the leakage of vascular products into the airways and alveoli. Previous work by this laboratory has demonstrated that bovine lung endothelial and epithelial cells undergo dramatic permeability increases when exposed to adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, we wanted to determine if ATP levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from calves experimentally infected with M. haemolytica. In addition, cultured bovine pulmonary epithelial (BPE) cells were stimulated with heat-killed and live M. haemolytica bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and zymosan activated plasma (ZAP) to determine whether they might release extracellular ATP during in vitro infection. Calves experimentally exposed to M. haemolytica had an approximately 2-fold higher level of ATP in their BAL samples compared to control. BPE cells exposed to increasing numbers of heat-killed or live M. haemolytica had significantly increased levels of ATP release as compared to time-matched controls. Finally, BPE cells treated with several concentrations of LPS and IL-1 had increases in ATP release as compared to time-matched controls. This increase appeared to be a result of active ATP secretion by the cells, as cell viability was similar between treated and non-treated cells. Neither ZAP nor LTA induced any ATP release by the cells. In conclusion, ATP levels are elevated in lung secretions from calves infected with M. haemolytica. In addition, lung epithelial cells can actively release ATP when exposed to heat-killed or live M. haemolytica, LPS or IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craddick
- University of Northern Iowa, Department of Biology, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
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Cheng PJ, Wang TH, Huang SY, Kao CC, Lu JH, Hsiao CH, Steven Shaw SW. Differential proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid in pregnancies of increased nuchal translucency with normal karyotype. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:274-81. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Attucci S, Gauthier A, Korkmaz B, Delépine P, Martino MFD, Saudubray F, Diot P, Gauthier F. EPI-hNE4, a proteolysis-resistant inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase and potential anti-inflammatory drug for treating cystic fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:803-9. [PMID: 16627747 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EPI-hNE4 (depelstat) is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase derived from human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and designed to control the excess proteolytic activity in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. We analyzed its resistance to the proteolysis it is likely to encounter at inflammatory sites in vivo. EPI-hNE4 resisted hydrolysis by neutrophil matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and serine proteases that are released from activated neutrophils in inflammatory lung secretions, including MMP-8 and MMP-9, and the elastase-related protease 3 and cathepsin G. It also resisted degradation by epithelial lung cell MMP-7 but was broken down by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa metalloelastase pseudolysin, when used in a purified system, but not when this protease competed with equimolar amounts of neutrophil elastase. We also investigated the inhibitory properties of EPI-hNE4 at the surface of purified blood neutrophils and in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients where neutrophil elastase is in both a soluble and a gel phase. The elastase at the neutrophil surface was fully inhibited by EPI-hNE4 and formed soluble complexes. The elastase in cystic fibrosis sputum supernatants was inhibited by stoichiometric amounts of EPI-hNE4, allowing titration of the protease. But the percentage of inhibition in whole sputum homogenates varied from 50 to 100%, depending on the sample tested. EPI-hNE4 was rapidly cleaved by the digestive protease pepsin in vitro. Therefore, EPI-hNE4 seems to be an elastase inhibitor suitable for use in aerosols to treat patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Attucci
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U618 (Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires), Université François Rabelais, 10 Bd Tonnellé, 37032 Tours Cedex, France
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Heguy A, O'Connor TP, Luettich K, Worgall S, Cieciuch A, Harvey BG, Hackett NR, Crystal RG. Gene expression profiling of human alveolar macrophages of phenotypically normal smokers and nonsmokers reveals a previously unrecognized subset of genes modulated by cigarette smoking. J Mol Med (Berl) 2006; 84:318-28. [PMID: 16520944 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-005-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of the respiratory diseases collectively known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the pathogenesis of COPD is complex, there is abundant evidence that alveolar macrophages (AM) play an important role. Based on the concept that COPD is a slow-progressing disorder likely involving multiple mediators released by AM activated by cigarette smoke, the present study focuses on the identification of previously unrecognized genes that may be linked to early events in the molecular pathogenesis of COPD, as opposed to factors associated with the presence of disease. To accomplish this, microarray analysis using Affymetrix microarrays was used to carry out an unbiased survey of the differences in gene expression profiles in the AM of phenotypically normal, approximately 20 pack-year smokers compared to healthy nonsmokers. Although smoking did not alter the global gene expression pattern of AM, 75 genes were modulated by smoking, with 40 genes up-regulated and 35 down-regulated in the AM of smokers compared to nonsmokers. Most of these genes belong to the functional categories of immune/inflammatory response, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix, proteolysis and antiproteolysis, lysosomal function, antioxidant-related function, signal transduction, and regulation of transcription. Of these 75 genes, 69 have not been previously recognized to be up- or down-regulated in AM in association with smoking or COPD, including genes coding for proteins belonging to all of the above categories, and others belonging to various functional categories or of unknown function. These observations suggest that gene expression responses of AM associated with the stress of cigarette smoking are more complex than previously thought, and offer a variety of new insights into the complex pathogenesis of smoking-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Heguy
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ballard J, Kreiter KT, Claassen J, Kowalski RG, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Risk factors for continued cigarette use after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2003; 34:1859-63. [PMID: 12843355 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000080522.36041.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Few studies have examined predictors of resumption of cigarette smoking after a first episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS Of 620 SAH patients treated between July 1996 and November 2002, we prospectively evaluated continued cigarette use in 152 smokers alive at 3 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify potential demographic, social, and clinical predictors of continued cigarette use, defined as smoking > or =1 cigarette per week in the month before follow-up. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent (56 of 152) resumed smoking after their SAH. Patients who continued smoking were younger, were more often black, had begun smoking at an earlier age, and had a higher frequency of prior alcohol or cocaine use and self-reported depression or anxiety than those who quit (all P<0.05). Smoking at < or =16 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 5.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33 to 14.29), self-reported depression (OR, 5.29; 95% CI, 2.10 to 13.35), and prior alcohol use (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.45 to 14.05) independently predicted continued cigarette use. Smokers had a functional outcome similar to that of nonsmokers at 3 months but were more likely to resume alcohol consumption (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.91 to 7.88). CONCLUSIONS More than one third of prior smokers continue to use nicotine after SAH. Young age at smoking onset and a history of depression or alcohol use are risk factors for continued cigarette use. Targeted smoking cessation programs are needed to reduce the high rate of smoking resumption after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ballard
- Division of Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Chan SCH, Shum DKY, Ip MSM. Sputum sol neutrophil elastase activity in bronchiectasis: differential modulation by syndecan-1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:192-8. [PMID: 12702549 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200208-829oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistently dominant activity of neutrophil elastase in bronchial secretions replete with antielastases is crucial to the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. We hypothesize that components in the bronchial secretions bind neutrophil elastase and compromise the inhibitory efficiency of prevailing antielastases. Zymographic analysis of sputum sols from patients with bronchiectasis found elastase activity in a polydisperse, alcian blue-stained zone of high molecular mass. This suggested that neutrophil elastase was complexed with polyanionic partners. Western blot analysis found not only the polyanionic partner, heparan sulfate/syndecan-1, but also the physiological antielastases, secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor and alpha1-antitrypsin, in the complex. Both dissociative density gradient ultracentrifugation and heparin displacement revealed that elastase dissociated from heparan sulfate/syndecan-1 was fully inhibited by the endogenous antielastases. This contrasts with the effects of exogenous antielastases on sputum neutrophil elastase activity-that of alpha1-antitrypsin was limited, but that of secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor was facilitated. Similarly, complexed elastase on blots of sputum sol zymographs was bound and inhibited by exogenous secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor but not by exogenous alpha1-antitrypsin. Taken together, the results bring a new focus to heparan sulfate/syndecan-1 complexed with neutrophil elastase in inflamed bronchial secretions as a target for modulating elastase susceptibility to physiological antielastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C H Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
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