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Zhu M, Han Y, Mou Y, Meng X, Ji C, Zhu X, Yu C, Sun D, Yang L, Sun Q, Chen Y, Du H, Dai J, Chen Z, Hu Z, Lv J, Jin G, Ma H, Kan H, Li L, Shen H. Effect of Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Chinese Nonsmokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2025; 211:600-609. [PMID: 39918842 PMCID: PMC12005023 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202408-1661oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The association between fine particulate matter (particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PM2.5) and lung cancer incidence in nonsmokers (LCINS) remains inconsistent. Objectives: To investigate the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and LCINS in a Chinese population and to assess the modifying effect of genetic factors. Methods: Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PM2.5 with LCINS risk and LCINS-related mortality. The polygenic risk score was constructed to further explore the interactions between genetic risk and PM2.5 exposure. In addition, the population attributable fraction of PM2.5 to lung cancer risk and mortality was calculated. Measurements and Main Results: The results demonstrated significant associations between PM2.5 exposure and LCINS incidence (HR, 1.10 per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17 per 10 μg/m3) and mortality (HR, 1.17 per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI, 1.08-1.27 per 10 μg/m3). Compared with the lowest-risk group, individuals exposed to the high PM2.5 concentration (⩾50.9 μg/m3) and high genetic risk (top 30%) exhibited the highest LCINS incidence (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.39-2.87) and mortality (HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.38-3.82). A significant additive interaction between PM2.5 and genetic risk on LCINS incidence was observed. Approximately 33.6% of LCINS cases and 48.5% of LCINS-related deaths in China could be prevented if PM2.5 concentrations were reduced to meet World Health Organization guidelines. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to outdoor PM2.5 increases LCINS risk and LCINS-related mortality, especially in populations with high genetic risk. Strengthening air pollution control measures in China has the potential to significantly reduce the burden of LCINS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
- Department of Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
| | - Yuanlin Mou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, International Centers of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Chen Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, and
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, and
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit and
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qiufen Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit and
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit and
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, and
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
- Department of Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
- Department of Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, International Centers of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, and
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, and
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Mousavi M, Emrani J, Teleha JC, Jiang G, Johnson BD, Shamshiripour A, Fini EH. Health Risks of Asphalt Emission: State-of-the-Art Advances and Research Gaps. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136048. [PMID: 39405707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Asphalt-related emissions pose significant health risks due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that affect both workers in construction and the general public. Even at low concentrations, certain VOCs are highly toxic, with some of their metabolic byproducts, such as epoxides, known to cause DNA damage, oxidative stress, and other genetic alterations. The health implications are particularly concerning given that these emissions are persistent, and exposure can occur over prolonged periods, especially in urban areas where asphalt is prevalent. However, despite growing awareness, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the long-term effects of chronic, low-level exposure to asphalt VOCs. Research to date has largely focused on acute exposure effects, particularly in occupational settings, leaving much unknown about the broader impact on the general public, especially vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. Moreover, the complex interactions between asphalt-derived VOCs and other environmental pollutants are not well understood, further complicating our understanding of their cumulative health impact. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, starting with a discussion of the health risks associated with asphalt VOCs, supported by key findings from recent studies. It then explores the latest technological advancements in VOC detection, characterization, and monitoring, and identifies critical gaps in existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mousavi
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jahangir Emrani
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - John C Teleha
- North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Keiraville, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Ali Shamshiripour
- University of Arizona, 1209 E. Second St., Tucson, AZ 8572113400, USA
| | - Elham H Fini
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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Zhang R, Li Y, Chen F, Christiani DC. Reply to Scott et al: "Gene-Gene interaction in ever-smokers with lung cancer: Is there confounding by COPD in GWAS?". J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:e24-e26. [PMID: 36842814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; China International Cooperation Center (CICC) for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bui DS, Liu J, Dharmage SC, Perret JL. Contribution of COPD as a Mediator for the Association Between Air Pollution and Lung Cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1486-1487. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2681le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh S. Bui
- The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, 2281, School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- The University of Melbourne - Parkville Campus, 2281, School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Perret
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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