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Dayrat B, Goulding TC, Apte D, Aslam S, Bourke A, Comendador J, Khalil M, Ngô XQ, Tan SK, Tan SH. Systematic revision of the genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 (Gastropoda, Euthyneura, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae). Zookeys 2020; 972:1-224. [PMID: 33071542 PMCID: PMC7544732 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.972.52853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 includes all the onchidiid slugs with dorsal gills. Its taxonomy is revised for the first time based on a large collection of fresh material from the entire Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Hawaii. Nine species are supported by mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) sequences as well as comparative anatomy. All types available were examined and the nomenclatural status of each existing name in the genus is addressed. Of 31 Peronia species-group names available, 27 are regarded as invalid (twenty-one synonyms, sixteen of which are new, five nomina dubia, and one homonym), and four as valid: Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804), Peronia verruculata (Cuvier, 1830), Peronia platei (Hoffmann, 1928), and Peronia madagascariensis (Labbé, 1934a). Five new species names are created: P. griffithsi Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. okinawensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. setoensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. sydneyensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., and P. willani Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. Peronia species are cryptic externally but can be distinguished using internal characters, with the exception of P. platei and P. setoensis. The anatomy of most species is described in detail here for the first time. All the secondary literature is commented on and historical specimens from museum collections were also examined to better establish species distributions. The genus Peronia includes two species that are widespread across the Indo-West Pacific (P. verruculata and P. peronii) as well as endemic species: P. okinawensis and P. setoensis are endemic to Japan, and P. willani is endemic to Northern Territory, Australia. Many new geographical records are provided, as well as a key to the species using morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Dayrat
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tricia C Goulding
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deepak Apte
- Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp. Lion Gate, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadar Aslam
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Adam Bourke
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and the Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Joseph Comendador
- National Museum of the Philippines, Taft Ave, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Marine Science, Universitas Malikussaleh, Reuleut Main Campus, Kecamatan Muara Batu, North Aceh, Aceh, 24355, Indonesia
| | - Xuân Quảng Ngô
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Siong Kiat Tan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, 2 Conservatory Dr, National University of Singapore, 117377, Singapore
| | - Shau Hwai Tan
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden Penang, Malaysia.,Marine Science Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden Penang, Malaysia
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From Persian Gulf to Indonesia: interrelated phylogeographic distance and chemistry within the genus Peronia (Onchidiidae, Gastropoda, Mollusca). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13048. [PMID: 32747696 PMCID: PMC7400755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of relationships between taxa is essential to understand and explain the chemical diversity of the respective groups. Here, twelve individuals of the panpulmonate slug Peronia persiae from two localities in Persian Gulf, and one animal of P. verruculata from Bangka Island, Indonesia, were analyzed in a phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic framework. Based on the ABGD test and haplotype networking using COI gene sequences of Peronia specimens, nine well-supported clades were found. Haplotype network analysis highlighted a considerable distance between the specimens of P. persiae and other clades. Metabolomic analysis of both species using tandem mass spectrometry-based GNPS molecular networking revealed a large chemical diversity within Peronia of different clades and localities. While P. persiae from different localities showed a highly similar metabolome, only few identical chemical features were found across the clades. The main common metabolites in both Peronia species were assigned as polypropionate esters of onchitriols and ilikonapyrones, and osmoprotectant amino acid-betaine compounds. On the other hand, the isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein were exclusively detected in P. persiae, while cholesterol and conjugated chenodeoxycholic acids were only found in P. verruculata. Flavonoids, bile acids, and amino acid-betaine compounds were not reported before from Onchidiidae, some are even new for panpulmonates. Our chemical analyses indicate a close chemotaxonomic relation between phylogeographically distant Peronia species.
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