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Hu SJ, Cotton AM, Lamas G, Duan K, Zhang X. Checklist of Yunnan Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with nomenclatural notes and descriptions of new subspecies. Zootaxa 2023; 5362:1-69. [PMID: 38220735 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5362.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A checklist of the Papilionidae of Yunnan is presented, with nomenclatural and taxonomic changes made. In the nomenclatural section, the junior homonym Papilio bootes nigricans Rothschild, 1895 is replaced by Papilio bootes nigricauda Lamas & Cotton nom. nov., Chilasa (Cadugoides) epycides muhabbet Koak, 2005 is synonymised with Papilio epycides camilla Rousseau-Decelle, 1947 syn. nov., Graphium cloanthus nyghmat Koak & Kemal, 2000 is placed as a junior objective synonym syn. nov. of Graphium cloanthus clymenus (Leech, 1893), and Papilio astorion Westwood, 1842 is shown to have priority over Papilio varuna White, 1842, thus the valid species name is Atrophaneura astorion (Westwood, 1842) comb. nov. In the main checklist, five new subspecies are described: Parnassius cephalus haba Hu & Cotton ssp. nov., Lamproptera curius hsinningae Hu, Zhang & Cotton ssp. nov., Lamproptera curius yangtzeanus Hu & Cotton ssp. nov., Graphium macareus vadimi Cotton & Hu ssp. nov., and Papilio krishna benyongi Hu & Cotton ssp. nov. The First Reviser Principle under the ICZN Code is invoked to solve four taxonomic problems, and 18 names are synonymised with explanations, notably Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen, 1984 syn. nov., which is synonymised with Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936. Byasa genestieri (Oberthr, 1918) stat. nov. is separated from Byasa latreillei (Donovan, 1826), and Papilio everesti Riley, 1927 stat. nov. and P. verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov. are separated from Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 as species. Taxa that require further confirmation of their presence in Yunnan and those that do not occur in Yunnan are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China. Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China.
| | - Adam M Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5; Tambon Nong Kwai; Hang Dong; Chiang Mai; Thailand.
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Apartado 14-0434; Lima-14; Peru.
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture; Yunnan University; Kunming; 650500; China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Kunming Youning Biotech Co.; Ltd; Kunming; 650031; China.
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Yu XT, Yang FL, Da W, Li YC, Xi HM, Cotton AM, Zhang HH, Duan K, Xu ZB, Gong ZX, Wang WL, Hu SJ. Species Richness of Papilionidae Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Hengduan Mountains and Its Future Shifts under Climate Change. INSECTS 2023; 14:259. [PMID: 36975944 PMCID: PMC10058169 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The family of Papilionidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) is a group of butterflies with high ecological and conservation value. The Hengduan Mountains (HMDs) in Southwest China is an important diversity centre for these butterflies. However, the spatial distribution pattern and the climate vulnerability of Papilionidae butterflies in the HDMs remain unknown to date. The lack of such knowledge has already become an obstacle in formulating effective butterfly conservation strategies. The present research compiled a 59-species dataset with 1938 occurrence points. The Maxent model was applied to analyse the spatial pattern of species richness in subfamilies Parnassiinae and Papilioninae, as well as to predict the response under the influence of climate change. The spatial pattern of both subfamilies in the HDMs has obvious elevation prevalence, with Parnassiinae concentrated in the subalpine to alpine areas (2500-5500 m) in western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and eastern Tibet, while Papilioninae is concentrated in the low- to medium-elevation areas (1500-3500 m) in the river valleys of western Yunnan and western Sichuan. Under the influence of climate change, both subfamilies would exhibit northward and upward range shifts. The majority of Parnassiinae species would experience drastic habitat contraction, resulting in lower species richness across the HDMs. In contrast, most Papilioninae species would experience habitat expansion, and the species richness would also increase significantly. The findings of this research should provide new insights and a clue for butterfly diversity and climatic vulnerability in southwestern China. Future conservation efforts should be focused on species with habitat contraction, narrow-ranged distribution and endemicity with both in situ and ex situ measures, especially in protected areas. Commercialised collecting targeting these species must also be regulated by future legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Yu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fei-Ling Yang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wa Da
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850008, China
| | - Yu-Chun Li
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xi
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand
| | - Hui-Hong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gong
- Yulong Xueshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yulong, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Wen-Ling Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Asian International River Center, Kunming 650500, China
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Hu SJ, Zhang X, Duan K. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two insular races of Pazala swordtails from Taiwan, China (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Graphium). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:1557-1559. [PMID: 33969217 PMCID: PMC8079028 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1915719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Kunming Youning Biotech Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Ge SX, Hu SJ, Shi HL, Han FY, Li MJ, Ren LL. The first record of the genus Belenois (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from China. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e61332. [PMID: 33519265 PMCID: PMC7835196 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e61332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The family Pieridae is a large group of butterflies which plays an important role in evolutionary biology and contains many potential pests (Courtney 1986). Pieridae is a cosmopolitan family while the tropics harbour higher species richness. In a very recent expedition to the Chinese-Indian border area in Tibet Autonomous Region, a migratory species, Belenoisaurota (Fabricius, 1793), was discovered for the first time, which comprises the first record of the genus Belenois in China and the highest altitude record of this species. New information The species B.aurota (Fabricius, 1793) is the first record of the genus Belenois from China. The specimen was collected at an altitude of about 3,000 m in Tibet Autonomous Region. Relevant details are presented for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Hong-Liang Shi
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Feng-Ying Han
- Tongliao forest pest control and quarantine station, Tongliao, China Tongliao forest pest control and quarantine station Tongliao China
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- Kuntouhe foresty centre, Chifeng, China Kuntouhe foresty centre Chifeng China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100661. [PMID: 32992975 PMCID: PMC7600441 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
About 10% of the Earth's butterfly species inhabit the highly diverse ecosystems of China. Important for the ecological, economic, and cultural services they provide, many butterfly species experience threats from land use shifts and climate change. China has recently adopted policies to protect the nation's biodiversity resources. This essay examines the current management of butterflies in China and suggests various easily implementable actions that could improve these conservation efforts. Our recommendations are based on the observations of a transdisciplinary group of entomologists and environmental policy specialists. Our analysis draws on other successful examples around the world that China may wish to consider. China needs to modify its scientific methodologies behind butterfly conservation management: revising the criteria for listing protected species, focusing on umbrella species for broader protection, identifying high priority areas and refugia for conservation, among others. Rural and urban land uses that provide heterogeneous habitats, as well as butterfly host and nectar plants, must be promoted. Butterfly ranching and farming may also provide opportunities for sustainable community development. Many possibilities exist for incorporating observations of citizen scientists into butterfly data collection at broad spatial and temporal scales. Our recommendations further the ten Priority Areas of China's National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030).
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Zhang HH, Wang WL, Yu Q, Xing DH, Xu ZB, Duan K, Zhu JQ, Zhang X, Li YP, Hu SJ. Spatial Distribution of Pollinating Butterflies in Yunnan Province, Southwest China with Resource Conservation Implications. INSECTS 2020; 11:E525. [PMID: 32806576 PMCID: PMC7469173 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pollinating butterflies are an important asset to agriculture, which still depends on wild resources. Yunnan Province in Southwest China is a region with typical montane agriculture, but this resource is poorly investigated. From literature reference and specimen examination, the present study identified 554 species of pollinating butterflies (50.8% of the total butterflies) from Yunnan, with family Nymphalidae possessing the least number of pollinators (80 species, 16.0%), while the remaining four families are pollinator-rich (>73%). Tropical lowlands and mountain-valley areas possess higher species richness than those with plain terrains. The species richness of pollinating butterflies in Yunnan does not simply decline with the increase of latitude, nor is significantly different between West and East Yunnan. Zonation of pollinating butterflies using the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) identified nine distribution zones and ten subzones. Most areas of endemism (AOE) are found in lowlands or mountain-valley areas, complexity of terrains, climates, and vegetation types are believed to be the main causes of such endemicity. The potential pollinating service of these butterflies could be great to montane agriculture with expanding areas of cash crops and fruit horticulture. Conservation strategies for pollinating butterflies may consist of preserving habitats and establishing butterfly-friendly agriculture based on local traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hong Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Wen-Ling Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi Yu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Dong-Hui Xing
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Zhen-Bang Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Kuang Duan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Kunming Youning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650051, China;
| | - Yong-Ping Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (D.-H.X.); (Z.-B.X.); (K.D.)
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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Xu ZB, Wang YY, Condamine FL, Cotton AM, Hu SJ. Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club-Tail Losaria coon the Same Species? INSECTS 2020; 11:E392. [PMID: 32599938 PMCID: PMC7349782 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) is currently comprised of ten subspecies, which were originally described under two names, Papilio coon and P. doubledayi before 1909, when they were combined as one species. The main difference between them is the colour of abdomen and hindwing subterminal spots-yellow in coon and red in doubledayi. Wing morphology, male and female genitalia, and molecular evidence (DNA barcodes) were analysed for multiple subspecies of L. coon and three other Losaria species-rhodifer, neptunus, and palu. Our molecular data support the separation of L. coon and L. doubledayi stat. rev. as two distinct species, with L. rhodifer positioned between them in phylogenetic analyses. Wing morphology and genitalic structures also confirm the molecular conclusions. Our findings divide L. coon into two species occupying different geographic ranges: with L. coon restricted to southern Sumatra, Java, and Bawean Island, while L. doubledayi occurs widely in regions from North India to northern Sumatra, including Hainan and Nicobar Islands. Hence, future conservation efforts must reassess the status and threat factors of the two species to form updated strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bang Xu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Yun-Yu Wang
- Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier|CNRS|IRD|EPHE), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand;
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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