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Xiao H, Huang X, Wang S, Liu Z, Dong R, Song D, Dai H. Metformin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing IGF-1. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:940-949. [PMID: 32269725 PMCID: PMC7137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease, which is characterized by the progressive deterioration in lung function. In the pathogenesis of IPF, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been found to be heavily involved. Metformin, a commonly used oral antidiabetic agent, is known to inhibit IGF-1 by the reversal of hyperinsulinemia. In this study, we evaluated the effects of metformin in pulmonary fibrosis in C57/BL6J mice, and further understand the role of IGF-1 signaling pathway involving in this process. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced experimentally in these mice by the intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM). Metformin was given orally the day before or 14 days after bleomycin injection, while pirfenidone was used as the positive control. Our study showed that intratracheal injection of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, with observed elevation in collagen, fibronectin and α-SMA level, characterized by the enhanced IGF-1 and PI3K expression. Metformin was able to inhibit these effects significantly, and its antifibrotic effect had no marked difference with pirfenidone. Our results show that metformin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100054, P. R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Run Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central HospitalZhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dingyun Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100054, P. R. China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029, P. R. China
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Holmberg CN, Åstrand A, Wingren C, Garnett JP, Mayer G, Taylor JD, Baker EH, Baines DL. Differential Effect of LPS on Glucose, Lactate and Inflammatory Markers in the Lungs of Normal and Diabetic Mice. JOURNAL OF PULMONARY & RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 2017:PROA-101. [PMID: 29938126 PMCID: PMC6010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of blood glucose results in increased glucose in the fluid that lines the surface of the airways and this is associated with an increased susceptibility to infection with respiratory pathogens. Infection induces an inflammatory response in the lung, but how this is altered by hyperglycemia and how this affects glucose, lactate and cytokine concentrations in the airway surface liquid is not understood. We used Wild Type (WT) and glucokinase heterozygote (GK+/-) mice to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia, with and without LPS-induced inflammatory responses, on airway glucose, lactate, inflammatory cells and cytokines measured in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF). We found that glucose and lactate concentrations in BALF were elevated in GK+/- compared to WT mice and that there was a direct correlation between blood glucose and BALF glucose concentrations. LPS challenge increased BALF inflammatory cell numbers and this correlated with decreased glucose and increased lactate concentrations although the effect was less in GK+/- compared to WT mice. All cytokines measured (except IL-2) increased in BALF with LPS challenge. However, concentrations of TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β and IL-2 were less in GK+/- compared to WT mice. This study shows that the normal glucose/lactate environment of the airway surface liquid is altered by hyperglycemia and the inflammatory response. These data indicate that inflammatory cells utilize BALF glucose and that production of lactate and cytokines is compromised in hyperglycemic GK+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nagorny Holmberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines Research Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Annika Åstrand
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines Research Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wingren
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines Research Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - James P Garnett
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gaëll Mayer
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines Research Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - John D Taylor
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines Research Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Emma H Baker
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah L Baines
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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