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Valadez-Vega C, Zúñiga-Pérez C, Quintanar-Gómez S, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Santillán E, Villagómez-Ibarra JR, Sumaya-Martínez MT, García-Paredes JD. Lead, cadmium and cobalt (Pb, Cd, and Co) leaching of glass-clay containers by pH effect of food. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2336-50. [PMID: 21731445 PMCID: PMC3127121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that handcrafted glass-clay containers are a health risk because they can be contaminated by heavy metals, which can be transferred to food, thus reaching the human body to potentially cause illness. Therefore, in the present work, we evaluate the leaching of lead, cadmium, and cobalt from glass-clay containers into two types of food: tomato sauce (salsa), and chickpea puree. The containers were obtained from four regions in the Mexican state of Hidalgo. Repetitive extractions from the containers were carried out to quantify the leaching of the heavy metals into the salsa, the chickpea puree, and acetic acid using the technique proposed by the USFDA. The results show that greater use of the containers leads to more leaching of heavy metals into both types of food and into the acetic acid, with the greatest metal extraction recorded for the Ixmiquilpan vessels. These results indicate that the metals present in the glass-clay containers leach into the food and that increased reuse increases the risk to the people who use them in food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.Z.-P.); (J.A.M.-G.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Clara Zúñiga-Pérez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.Z.-P.); (J.A.M.-G.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Samuel Quintanar-Gómez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.Z.-P.); (J.A.M.-G.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.Z.-P.); (J.A.M.-G.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.Z.-P.); (J.A.M.-G.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - José Roberto Villagómez-Ibarra
- Basic Science and Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, 42080 Pachuca de Soto, Hgo, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretary of Research and Graduate Studies, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura “Amado Nervo”, Blvd. Tepic-Xalisco S/N. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.T.S.-M.); (J.D.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Diego García-Paredes
- Secretary of Research and Graduate Studies, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura “Amado Nervo”, Blvd. Tepic-Xalisco S/N. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.T.S.-M.); (J.D.G.-P.)
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