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Wang L, Zhang M, Guo J, Zhang B, Xu X. The reaction mechanism in the hydrothermal synthesis of Nd2Fe14B magnetic particles. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Zhao D, Pei W, Wang X, Zheng J, Liu C, Wang J. Influence of a Reduction Process on the Phase Component and Magnetic Properties of NdFeB Magnetic Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:715-719. [PMID: 33213672 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NdFeB magnetic nanoparticles with a main phase of Nd₂Fe14B have successfully been synthesized. The preparation includes the following processes. First, the NdFeB intermediate was synthesized by a wet-chemical method. The NdFeB intermediate was annealed at 800 °C, which resulted in the formation of an NdFeB oxide. Then, the NdFeB oxide was reduced into NdFeB nanoparticles by a second-step reduction annealing with a CaH₂ reductant. The second-step reduction annealing temperature was a key factor in preparing the NdFeB nanoparticles. A lower reduction temperature of 900 °C could not completely reduce the NdFeB oxide into Nd₂Fe14B. There were some residual unreduced nonmagnetic phases in the prepared materials, which resulted in obvious decreases of coercivity. A sufficiently high second-stage reduction temperature resulted in an increased reduction, and more of the Nd₂Fe14B phase could be obtained. In this work, nanoparticles with a uniform morphology and an increased Nd₂Fe14B phase could be obtained at an optimum reduction temperature of 940 °C, achieving a high coercivity of 5.4 kOe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wenli Pei
- Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Zhou X, Tian YL, Yu HY, Zhang H, Zhong XC, Liu ZW. Synthesis of hard magnetic NdFeB composite particles by recycling the waste using microwave assisted auto-combustion and reduction method. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:645-651. [PMID: 31109566 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work provides a facile and energy-saving approach to recycle Nd-Fe-B wastes. Employing the severely oxidized and contaminated sintered Nd-Fe-B scraps as the raw materials, sub-micro sized Nd-Fe-B/α-Fe composite magnetic powders were successfully synthesized by microwave assisted auto-combustion method followed by a reduction diffusion process. In details, the waste magnets were dissolved in HNO3 solution and both the rare earth oxides and iron oxide were obtained by auto-combustion approach with the help of microwave heating. These oxides were then reduced to achieve Nd-Fe-B alloys with the reducing agent CaH2. To modify the composition of the final product, Nd(NO3)3·6H2O and H3BO3 were added during dissolving and consequently three compositions of the final products were obtained. TEM results demonstrate that the sizes of α-Fe and Nd2Fe14B grains are below 10 nm and 20 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of the composite powders obtained from the wastes in this study are comparable to those obtained by other methods using pure reagents. The room temperature coercivity of as-synthesized Nd15Fe77B8 is higher than 400 kA/m. In addition, an appropriate mass ratio of CaH2 to Nd-Fe-B oxides is required in order to obtain good magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Y L Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - H Y Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X C Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Z W Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Mohammadi M, Tavoosi M, Ghasemi A. Mechanochemical synthesis and magnetic characterization of nanocrystalline Fe Nd alloys. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ma HX, Kim CW, Kim DS, Jeong JH, Kim IH, Kang YS. Preparation of Nd-Fe-B by nitrate-citrate auto-combustion followed by the reduction-diffusion process. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8016-8022. [PMID: 25865343 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Nd2Fe14B alloy has been successfully synthesized by nitrate-citrate auto-combustion followed by the reduction and diffusion process with low energy consumption. H3BO3, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, and Nd(NO3)3·6H2O were used as precursors and citric acid was used as the chelating ligand of metal ions. Ammonia water was used to adjust pH to 7. CaH2 was used as a reducing agent for the reduction and diffusion process. NdFeO3 and Fe2O3 were produced during auto-combustion of gel. The combustion process of the gel was investigated by TGA/DTA curve measurements. The phase compositions were studied by XRD measurements. The differences of the overall morphology and magnetic properties were measured by SEM, TEM and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at 300 K. The comparison of the magnetic properties of the reduced samples between the pellet type and the random powder type was done with VSM and it showed better magnetic properties of the pellet type Nd2Fe14B. Making a compact pellet type sample for reduction is more efficient for solid reduction and phase transition for higher coercivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xuan Ma
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
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Jadhav AP, Ma H, Kim DS, Baek YK, Choi CJ, Kang YS. Nd2Fe14B Synthesis: Effect of Excess Neodymium on Phase Purity and Magnetic Property. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.3.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dasgupta K, Singh D, Sahoo D, Anitha M, Awasthi A, Singh H. Application of Taguchi method for optimization of process parameters in decalcification of samarium–cobalt intermetallic powder. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Swaminathan V, Deheri PK, Bhame SD, Ramanujan RV. Novel microwave assisted chemical synthesis of Nd₂Fe₁₄B hard magnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:2718-2725. [PMID: 23426224 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The high coercivity and excellent energy product of Nd2Fe14B hard magnets have led to a large number of high value added industrial applications. Chemical synthesis of Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles is challenging due to the large reduction potential of Nd(3+) and the high tendency for Nd2Fe14B oxidation. We report the novel synthesis of Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles by a microwave assisted combustion process. The process consisted of Nd-Fe-B mixed oxide preparation by microwave assisted combustion, followed by the reduction of the mixed oxide by CaH2. This combustion process is fast, energy efficient and offers facile elemental substitution. The coercivity of the resulting powders was ∼8.0 kOe and the saturation magnetization was ∼40 emu g(-1). After removal of CaO by washing, saturation magnetization increased and an energy product of 3.57 MGOe was obtained. A range of magnetic properties was obtained by varying the microwave power, reduction temperature and Nd to Fe ratio. A transition from soft to exchange coupled to hard magnetic properties was obtained by varying the composition of NdxFe1-xB8 (x varies from 7% to 40%). This synthesis procedure offers an inexpensive and facile platform to produce exchange coupled hard magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Swaminathan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 639 798, Singapore
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Nabeel Rashin M, Hemalatha J. Magnetic and ultrasonic investigations on magnetite nanofluids. ULTRASONICS 2012; 52:1024-1029. [PMID: 22939116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanofluids of various concentrations have been prepared through co-precipitation method. The structural and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanofluids have been analyzed which respectively revealed their face centered cubic crystal structure and super paramagnetic behavior. Ultrasonic investigations have been made for the nanofluids at different temperatures and magnetic fields. Open- and close-packed water structure is considered to explain the temperature effects. The inter particle interactions of surface modified nanomagnetite particle and the cluster formation are realized through the variations in ultrasonic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nabeel Rashin
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620 015, India
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Deheri P, Shukla S, Ramanujan R. The reaction mechanism of formation of chemically synthesized Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic nanoparticles. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Jadhav AP, Hussain A, Lee JH, Baek YK, Choi CJ, Kang YS. One pot synthesis of hard phase Nd2Fe14B nanoparticles and Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnetic materials. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Swaminathan V, Pramana SS, White TJ, Chen L, Chukka R, Ramanujan RV. Microwave synthesis of noncentrosymmetric BaTiO3 truncated nanocubes for charge storage applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:3037-3042. [PMID: 20945870 DOI: 10.1021/am1004865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Truncated nanocubes of barium titanate (BT) were synthesized using a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. Stoichiometric composition of pellets of nanocube BT powders was prepared by two-stage microwave process. Characterization by powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, TEM, and dielectric and polarization measurements was performed. X-ray diffraction revealed a polymorphic transformation from cubic Pm3̅m to tetragonal P4mm after 15 min of microwave irradiation, arising from titanium displacement along the c-axis. Secondary electron images were examined for nanocube BT synthesis and annealed at different timings. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of 70 ± 9 nm. The remanence and saturation polarization were 15.5 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 1.2 μC/cm(2), respectively. A charge storage density of 925 ± 47 nF/cm(2) was obtained; Pt/BT/Pt multilayer ceramic capacitor stack had an average leakage current density of 5.78 ± 0.46 × 10(-8) A/cm(2) at ±2 V. The significance of this study shows an inexpensive and facile processing platform for synthesis of high-k dielectric for charge storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Swaminathan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.
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