X-ray, Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Spectral Data of 3-Amino-1-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxy phenyl)-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile

Targeted potent antimicrobial and antitumor oxygen-heterocyclic-based pyran analogues: synthesis and computational studies

The process of creating a series of 3-amino-1-aryl-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles (4a-q) involved reacting 6-methoxynaphthalen-2-ol (1), the appropriate aromatic aldehydes (2a-q), and malononitrile (3) in an absolute ethanol/piperidine solution under Ultrasonic irradiation. However, the attempt to create 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2,8-dicarbonitrile (6a, d, e) was unsuccessful when 6-cyanonaphthalen-2-ol (5) was stirred at room temperature, reflux, Microwave irradiation, or Ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, the target molecules were screened against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, as well as a panel of three human cancer cells lines such as MCF-7, HCT-116, HepG-2 and two normal cell lines HFL-1 and WI-38. The obtained results confirmed that the pyran derivatives (4 m, i, k) which have a double chlorine at 3,4/2,3/2,5-positions, a single halogen atom 3-Cl/4-Br (4c, e) and a double bromine at 3,5-positions with a single methoxy group at 2-position (4n), of phenyl ring, and, to a lesser extent, other pyran derivatives with monoihalogenated (4a, b, d, f), dihalogenated (4 g, h, j, l) or trisubstituent phenyl ring (4o, p, q). Furthermore, compounds 4b-e, g, i, j, m, and n showed negligible activity against the two normal cell lines, HFL-1 and WI-38. Moreover, compound 4 g exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity among the other pyran derivatives (4a-f, g-q) when compared to Ciprofloxacin. The MIC was assessed and screened for compound 4 g, revealing bactericidal effects. Lastly, SAR and molecular docking were studied.

The Crystal Structure of 3-Amino-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-9-Methoxy-1H-Benzo[f]Chromene-2-Carbonitrile: Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Studies

Compound 3-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-9-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile (4), was synthesized via the reaction of 7-methoxynaphthalen-2-ol (1), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (2), and malononitrile (3) in an ethanolic piperidine solution under microwave irradiation. The synthesized pyran derivative 4 was asserted through spectral data and X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure of compound 4 was established unambiguously through the single crystal X-ray measurements and crystallized in the Triclinic, P-1, a = 8.7171 (4) Å, b = 10.9509 (5) Å, c = 19.5853 (9) Å, α = 78.249 (2)°, β = 89.000 (2)°, γ = 70.054 (2)°, V = 1717.88 (14) Å3, Z = 4. The target molecule has been screened for antibacterial and antifungal functionality. Compound 4 exhibited favorable antimicrobial activities that resembled the reference antimicrobial agents with an IZ range of 16–26 mm. In addition, MIC, MBC, and MFC were assessed and screened for molecule 4, revealing bactericidal and fungicidal effects. Lastly, a molecular docking analysis was addressed and conducted for this desired molecule.

Synthesis of β-Enaminonitrile-Linked 8-Methoxy-1H-Benzo[f]Chromene Moieties and Analysis of Their Antitumor Mechanisms

A series of aryl-substituted 3-amino-1-aryl-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles (4a-4q) were designed and synthesized via reaction of 6-methoxy-2-naphthol with a mixture of appropriate aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile under microwave conditions. The structures of the novel compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4g, 4i, 4l, 4m, and 4o-4q were established according to IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR/13C-NMR-DEPT, and MS. The benzochromene derivative 4c with a single chlorine at the meta position of the phenyl ring and, to a lesser extent, other benzochromenes with monohalogenated phenyl ring (4a, 4c-4f) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, HeLa, MIA PaCa-2, 5,637, and Hep G2. The mechanisms of the cytotoxic activities of benzochromenes with monohalogenated phenyl ring (4a, 4c-4f) were further analyzed using triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Cell cycle analysis showed accumulation of the treated cells in S phase for 4a, 4d-4f, and S-G2/M phases for 4c. In vivo, 4a and 4c-4f inhibited growth, proliferation, and triggered apoptosis in preestablished breast cancer xenografts grown on the chick chorioallantoic membranes while exhibiting low systemic toxicity. Compounds 4a and 4c-4f increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in initiation of apoptosis as demonstrated by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, 4c induced general oxidative stress in cancer cells. The SAR study confirmed that halogens of moderate size at meta or para positions of the pendant phenyl ring enhance the cytotoxic activity of 3-amino-1-aryl-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitriles, and these compounds could serve as leads for the development of novel anticancer therapies.

Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity, Crystal Structure, DFT Studies and Molecular Docking of 3-Amino-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile

The target compound 3-amino-1-(2,5-d ichlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1H-benzo[f]-chromene-2-carbonitrile (4) was synthesized via a reaction of 6-methoxynaphthalen-2-ol (1), 2,5-dichlorobenzaldehyde (2), and malononitrile (3) in ethanolic piperidine solution under microwave irradiation. The newly synthesized β-enaminonitrile was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction data. Its cytotoxic activity was evaluated against three different human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, and MIA PaCa-2 in comparison to the positive controls etoposide and camptothecin employing the XTT cell viability assay. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface was utilized to visualize the reliability of the crystal package. The obtained results confirmed that the tested molecule revealed promising cytotoxic activities against the three cancer cell lines. Furthermore, theoretical calculations (DFT) were carried out with the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) level using 6-311++G(d,p) basis. The optimization geometry for molecular structures was in agreement with the X-ray structure data. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the studied system was discussed. The intermolecular-interactions were studied through analysis of the topological-electron-density(r) using the QTAIM and NCI methods. The novel compound exhibited favorable ADMET properties and its molecular modeling analysis showed strong interaction with DNA methyltransferase 1.