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Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Hybrid Nanofluid Formulation, Properties and Drug Delivery Prospects. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020440. [PMID: 33572244 PMCID: PMC7915107 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used materials for biomedical applications owing to their intriguing chemical, biological and magnetic properties. The evolution of MNP based biomedical applications (such as hyperthermia treatment and drug delivery) could be advanced using magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) designed with a biocompatible surface coating strategy. This study presents the first report on the drug loading/release capability of MNF formulated with methoxy polyethylene glycol (referred to as PEG) coated MNP in aqueous (phosphate buffer) fluid. We have selected MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for MNF formulation and evaluated the loading/release efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug. We have presented in detail the drug loading capacity and the time-dependent cumulative drug release of DOX from PEG-coated MNPs based MNFs. Specifically, we have selected three different MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for the MNFs and compared their variance in the loading/release efficacy of DOX, through experimental results fitting into mathematical models. DOX loading takes the order in the MNFs as CoFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > Fe3O4. Various drug release models were suggested and evaluated for the individual MNP based NFs. While the non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous) model fits for DOX release from PEG coated CoFe2O4, PEG coated NiFe2O4 NF follows zero-order kinetics with a slow drug release rate of 1.33% of DOX per minute. On the other hand, PEG coated NiFe2O4 follows zero-order DOX release. Besides, several thermophysical properties and magnetic susceptibility of the MNFs of different concentrations have been studied by dispersing the MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) in the base fluid at 300 K under ultrasonication. This report on the DOX loading/release capability of MNF will set a new paradigm in view that MNF can resolve problems related to the self-heating of drug carriers during mild laser treatment with its thermal conducting properties.
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Xu B, Sai-Anand G, Jeong HM, Kim SW, Kim JS, Kwon JB, Kang SW. Improving Air-Stability and Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Using Solvent Engineered Hole Selective Interlayer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1143. [PMID: 29976901 PMCID: PMC6073352 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ-PSCs), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the most commonly used hole selective interlayer (HSIL). However, its acidity, hygroscopic nature, and the use of indium tin oxide (ITO) etching can degrade the overall photovoltaic performance and the air-stability of BHJ-PSCs. Solvent engineering is considered as a facile approach to overcome these issues. In this work, we engineered the HSIL using ethanol (ET) treated PEDOT:PSS to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic performance properties and air-stability of the fabricated devices. We systematically investigated the influence of ET on the microstructural, morphological, interfacial characteristics of modified HSIL and photovoltaic characteristics of BHJ-PSCs. Compared with the BHJ-PSC with pristine PEDOT:PSS, a significant enhancement of power conversion efficiency (~17%) was witnessed for the BHJ-PSC with PEDOT:PSS-ET (v/v, 1:0.5). Consequently, the BHJ-PSC with PEDOT:PSS-ET (v/v, 1:0.5) as HSIL exhibited remarkably improved air-stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Xu
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Gopalan Sai-Anand
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, New South Wales 2298, Australia.
| | - Hyun-Min Jeong
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sae-Wan Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ju-Seong Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jin-Beom Kwon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Shin-Won Kang
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Xu B, Sai-Anand G, Gopalan AI, Qiao Q, Kang SW. Improving Photovoltaic Properties of P3HT:IC 60BA through the Incorporation of Small Molecules. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E121. [PMID: 30966157 PMCID: PMC6415164 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of a functional solid additive, 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP), in influencing the optoelectronic, morphological, structural and photovoltaic properties of bulk-heterojunction-based polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs) fabricated using poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:IC60BA) photoactive medium. A dramatic increase in the power conversion efficiency (~20%) was witnessed for the BHJ PSCs treated with DHP compared to the pristine devices. A plausible explanation describing the alignment of pyridine moieties of DHP with the indene side groups of IC60BA is presented with a view to improving the performance of the BHJ PSCs via improved crystalline order and hydrophobicity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Xu
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Gopalan Sai-Anand
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2298, Australia.
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan
- Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 570007, USA.
| | - Shin-Won Kang
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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