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Yang K, Huang Z, Wang S, Zhao Z, Yi P, Chen Y, Xiao M, Quan J, Hu X. The Hepatic Nerves Regulated Inflammatory Effect in the Process of Liver Injury: Is Nerve the Key Treating Target for Liver Inflammation? Inflammation 2023; 46:1602-1611. [PMID: 37490221 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is a common pathological basis for various liver diseases. Chronic liver injury is often an important initiating factor in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, hepatitis A and E infections are the most common causes of acute liver injury worldwide, whereas drug toxicity (paracetamol overdose) in the USA and part of Western Europe. In recent years, chronic liver injury has become a common disease that harms human health. Meanwhile, the main causes of chronic liver injury are viral hepatitis (B, C) and long-term alcohol consumption worldwide. During the process of liver injury, massive inflammatory cytokines are stimulated by these hazardous factors, leading to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, which causes immune cell dysfunction and sepsis, subsequent multi-organ failure. Cytokine release and immune cell infiltration-mediated aseptic inflammation are the most important features of the pathobiology of liver failure. From this perspective, diminishing the onset and progression of liver inflammation is of clinical importance in the treatment of liver injury. Although many studies have hinted at the critical role of nerves in regulating inflammation, there largely remains undetermined how hepatic nerves mediate immune inflammation and how the inflammatory factors released by these nerves are involved in the process of liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize previous studies in the field related to hepatic nerve and inflammation as well as future perspectives on the aforementioned questions. Our findings were presented in three aspects: types of nerve distribution in the liver, how these nerves regulate immunity, and the role of liver nerves in hepatitis and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zebing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87Th of Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Si S, Zhao X, Su F, Lu H, Zhang D, Sun L, Wang F, Xu L. New advances in clinical application of neostigmine: no longer focusing solely on increasing skeletal muscle strength. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227496. [PMID: 37601044 PMCID: PMC10436336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neostigmine is a clinical cholinesterase inhibitor, that is, commonly used to enhance the function of the cholinergic neuromuscular junction. Recent studies have shown that neostigmine regulates the immune-inflammatory response through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, affecting perioperative neurocognitive function. This article reviews the relevant research evidence over the past 20 years, intending to provide new perspectives and strategies for the clinical application of neostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Si
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiu Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongbin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fulei Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Nafea O, Ibrahim F, Abdelhamid W. The reversed De Ritis ratio for predicting in-hospital mortality among intensive care patients with organophosphate poisoning. Biomarkers 2023; 28:111-117. [PMID: 36377078 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2148746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uncontrolled use of pesticides signifies a substantial health hazard. This study was designed to explore the prognostic role of on-admission hepatic aminotransferases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST)] in the prediction of in-hospital mortality among patients with acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study based on extracting the required information from the specific medical records for acutely OP-intoxicated patients admitted to the intensive care unit. RESULTS A total of 49 acutely malathion-intoxicated patients were enrolled in the study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 32.7%. Patients were stratified into survivors and non-survivors. Compared to the survivors, the non-survivors had significantly lower Glasgow coma scale scores, mean arterial blood pressure, significantly higher reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST), and ALT and AST activities. The reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST) and ALT demonstrated good discrimination between the survivors and the non-survivors with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.708 vs 0.781, respectively, however, AST showed satisfactory discrimination, AUC of 0.694. CONCLUSION Hepatic aminotransferases are useful in predicting in-hospital mortality in acute OP poisoning. ALT is the most specific biomarker. However, the reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST) is the most sensitive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Nafea
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Abdelhamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang X, Yu X, Wen Y, Jin L, Zhang L, Zhu H, Zhang D, Xie C, Guo D, Tong J, Shen Y. Functions of retinal astrocytes and Müller cells in mammalian myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:451. [PMID: 36418970 PMCID: PMC9686084 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in the retina and choroid blood vessels are regularly observed in myopia. However, if the retinal glial cells, which directly contact blood vessels, play a role in mammalian myopia is unknown. We aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of retinal glial cells in form deprived myopia. Methods We adapted the mice form-deprivation myopia model by covering the right eye and left the left eye open for control, measured the ocular structure with anterior segment optical coherence tomography, evaluated changes in the morphology and distribution of retinal glial cells by fluorescence staining and western blotting; we also searched the online GEO databases to obtain relative gene lists and confirmed them in the form-deprivation myopia mouse retina at mRNA and protein level. Results Compared with the open eye, the ocular axial length (3.54 ± 0.006 mm v.s. 3.48 ± 0.004 mm, p = 0.027) and vitreous chamber depth (3.07 ± 0.005 mm v.s. 2.98 ± 0.006 mm, p = 0.007) in the covered eye became longer. Both glial fibrillary acidic protein and excitatory amino acid transporters 4 elevated. There were 12 common pathways in human myopia and anoxic astrocytes. The key proteins were also highly relevant to atropine target proteins. In mice, two common pathways were found in myopia and anoxic Müller cells. Seven main genes and four key proteins were significantly changed in the mice form-deprivation myopia retinas. Conclusion Retinal astrocytes and Müller cells were activated in myopia. They may response to stimuli and secretory acting factors, and might be a valid target for atropine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02643-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhang
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Xin Yu
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Yingying Wen
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Le Jin
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Hong Zhu
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China ,Department of Ophthalmology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, 312030 Zhejiang China
| | - Chen Xie
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Dongyu Guo
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Jianping Tong
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Ye Shen
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Ophthalmology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road No.79, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Uncovering malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) action on Ca 2+ signal transduction and investigating the effects of BAPTA-AM (a cell-permeant Ca 2+ chelator) on protective responses in glial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:152-160. [PMID: 31153463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malathion, one of commonly used organophosphate insecticides, has a wide range of toxic actions in different models. However, the effect of this compound on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related cytotoxicity in glial cells is elusive. This study examined whether malathion evoked intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises and established the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes, rat astrocytes and human glioblastoma cells. The data show that malathion induced concentration-dependent [Ca2+]i rises in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells), but not in DI TNC1 normal rat astrocytes and DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. In GHA cells, this Ca2+ signal response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. In Ca2+-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, incubation with malathion abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also blocked malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. In Ca2+-containing medium, malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ channel blockers (2-APB, econazole or SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Malathion (5-25 μM) concentration-dependently caused cytotoxicity in GHA, DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells. This cytotoxic effect was partially prevented by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM (a selective Ca2+ chelator) only in GHA cells. Together, in GHA but not in DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells, malathion induced [Ca2+]i rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, malathion induced Ca2+-associated cytotoxicity, suggesting that Ca2+ chelating may have a protective effect on malathion-induced cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
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