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Dalkıran B. Amperometric determination of heavy metal using an HRP inhibition biosensor based on ITO nanoparticles-ruthenium (III) hexamine trichloride composite: Central composite design optimization. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107569. [PMID: 32464529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme inhibition biosensor based on indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride (RUT), and chitosan (CH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. The biosensor fabrication process was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The amounts of ITO nanoparticles and RUT were optimized using a 22 central composite design for the optimization of electrode composition. The detection limits were determined as 8 nM, 3 nM, and 1 nM for Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+, respectively. The inhibition calibration curves of the biosensor were found to be within the range of 0.009-0.301 µM with a sensitivity of 11.97 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.85 µA µM-1) for Pb2+, 0.011-0.368 µM with a sensitivity of 10.84 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.77 µA µM-1) for Ni2+, and 0.008-0.372 µM with a sensitivity of 10.99 µA µM-1 cm-2 (0.78 µA µM-1) for Cd2+. The type of HRP inhibition by Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ was investigated by the Dixon and Cornish-Bowden plots. The effects of possible interfering species on the biosensor response were examined. The analysis of Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ in tap water was demonstrated using the HRP/ITO-RUT-CH/GCE with satisfactory experimental results. The proposed method agreed with the atomic absorption spectrometry results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dalkıran
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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Montes-Cebrián Y, Álvarez-Carulla A, Colomer-Farrarons J, Puig-Vidal M, Miribel-Català PL. Self-Powered Portable Electronic Reader for Point-of-Care Amperometric Measurements. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19173715. [PMID: 31461956 PMCID: PMC6749422 DOI: 10.3390/s19173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a self-powered electronic reader (e-reader) for point-of-care diagnostics based on the use of a fuel cell (FC) which works as a power source and as a sensor. The self-powered e-reader extracts the energy from the FC to supply the electronic components concomitantly, while performing the detection of the fuel concentration. The designed electronics rely on straightforward standards for low power consumption, resulting in a robust and low power device without needing an external power source. Besides, the custom electronic instrumentation platform can process and display fuel concentration without requiring any type of laboratory equipment. In this study, we present the electronics system in detail and describe all modules that make up the system. Furthermore, we validate the device’s operation with different emulated FCs and sensors presented in the literature. The e-reader can be adjusted to numerous current ranges up to 3 mA, with a 13 nA resolution and an uncertainty of 1.8%. Besides, it only consumes 900 µW in the low power mode of operation, and it can operate with a minimum voltage of 330 mV. This concept can be extended to a wide range of fields, from biomedical to environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Montes-Cebrián
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Álvarez-Carulla
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colomer-Farrarons
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Vidal
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ll Miribel-Català
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ashrafi AM, Sýs M, Sedláčková E, Farag AS, Adam V, Přibyl J, Richtera L. Application of the Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring Non-Competitive Inhibition of Enzyme Activity by Heavy Metals. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19132939. [PMID: 31277338 PMCID: PMC6651500 DOI: 10.3390/s19132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition effect of the selected heavy metals (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+) on glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme from Aspergillus niger (EC 1.1.3.4.) was studied using a new amperometric biosensor with an electrochemical transducer based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) covered with a thin layer of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated with ruthenium(IV) oxide as a redox mediator. Direct adsorption of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and subsequent covering with Nafion® layer was used for immobilization of Gox. The analytical figures of merit of the developed glucose (Glc) biosensor are sufficient for determination of Glc in body fluids in clinical analysis. From all tested heavy metals, mercury(II) has the highest inhibition effect. However, it is necessary to remember that cadmium and silver ions also significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of Gox. Therefore, the development of Gox biosensors for selective indirect determination of each heavy metal still represents a challenge in the field of bioelectroanalysis. It can be concluded that amperometric biosensors, differing in the utilized enzyme, could find their application in the toxicity studies of various poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sýs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sedláčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Shaaban Farag
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- Czech Republic CEITEC MU, Nanobiotechnol Group, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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De Benedetto GE, Di Masi S, Pennetta A, Malitesta C. Response Surface Methodology for the Optimisation of Electrochemical Biosensors for Heavy Metals Detection. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E26. [PMID: 30781820 PMCID: PMC6468913 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the application of a chemometric tool for the optimisation of electrochemical biosensor performances. The experimental design was performed based on the responses of an amperometric biosensor developed for metal ions detection using the flow injection analysis. The electrode preparation and the working conditions were selected as experimental parameters, and thus, were modelled by a response surface methodology (RSM). In particular, enzyme concentration, flow rates, and number of cycles were reported as continuous factors, while the sensitivities of the biosensor (S, µA·mM-1) towards metals, such as Bi3+ and Al3+ were collected as responses and optimised by a central composite design (CCD). Bi3+ and Al3+ inhibition on the Pt/PPD/GOx biosensor response is for the first time reported. The optimal enzyme concentration, scan cycles and flow rate were found to be 50 U·mL-1, 30 and, 0.3 mL·min-1, respectively. Descriptive/predictive performances are discussed: the sensitivities of the optimised biosensor agreed with the experimental design prediction. The responses under the optimised conditions were also tested towards Ni2+ and Ag⁺ ions. The multivariate approach used in this work allowed us to obtain a wide working range for the biosensor, coupled with a high reproducibility of the response (RSD = 0.72%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Di Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Via per Monteroni 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Via D. Birago 64, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Via per Monteroni 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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