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Kusano Y, Den S, Yamaguchi T, Nishisako S, Fukui M, Shimazaki J. Risk Factors for Recurrence in the Treatment of Recurrent Pterygium. Cornea 2024; 43:740-745. [PMID: 37948044 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the postoperative recurrence rate of recurrent pterygium and to evaluate risk factors for the recurrence. METHODS This study was a retrospective interventional nonrandomized consecutive case series. In this single-center study, 119 eyes of patients with recurrent pterygium who underwent surgery with a follow-up period of >12 months after the surgery were analyzed. The clinical characteristics of pterygium were classified according to the length of corneal involvement and Tan grade. The main outcome was the recurrence rate. The secondary outcome was the risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 42 ± 28.6 months. Recurrence was observed in 15 patients (12.6%). The average postoperative recurrence period was 7.7 ± 6.7 months. Twelve patients experienced a recurrence within 12 months. Eyes with recurrence had a significantly greater length of corneal involvement (2.47 ± 0.72 mm) and number of previous surgery (1.9 ± 1.3) than those without (1.97 ± 0.74 mm, and 1.3 ± 0.7, both P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that recurrence was significantly associated with the length of corneal involvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-5.57, P = 0.05) and the number of previous surgeries (OR: 1.91, 95% CI, 1.03-3.58, P = 0.04) but not with sex (OR: 3.71, 95% CI, 0.90-15.2, P = 0.07), age (OR: 0.99, 95% CI, 0.94-1.04, P = 0.59), and use of mitomycin C (OR: 0.31, 95% CI, 0.07-1.21, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS The postoperative recurrence rate of recurrent pterygium was 12.6%. The preoperative length of corneal involvement and number of previous pterygium surgeries were significantly correlated with recurrence. Male sex and nonuse of mitomycin C tended to correlate with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kusano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seika Den
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takefumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sota Nishisako
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Aidenloo NS, Motarjemizadeh Q, Heidarpanah M. Risk factors for pterygium recurrence after limbal-conjunctival autografting: a retrospective, single-centre investigation. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:349-356. [PMID: 29549462 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the risk factors related to recurrence of pterygium after pterygium excision with limbal-conjunctival autograft. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS The current study included 310 patients who underwent surgical removal of pterygium using limbal-conjunctival autografting. All surgery was performed by the same surgeon at a single Hospital from 2006 to 2011. Preoperative and postoperative patient data were collected. The patients were summoned to follow-up examinations. Procedures with at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the final analysis. Potential risk factors for pterygium recurrence were determined by Cox proportional-hazard linear analysis and recurrence-free survival time was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The overall recurrence rate was 5.2% during an average follow-up time of 20.1±8.6 months (range, 12-37 months). According to Kaplan-Meier evaluation, the estimated time to recurrence was 34.2 ± 0.5 months (95% confidence interval 33.3-35.0 months) for the whole population. Multivariate analysis showed that age < 45 years old (RR = 3.582, 95% CI 1.984-13.044, P = 0.047), recurrent type of pterygia (RR = 4.856, 95% CI 1.794-13.142, P = 0.002), and vertical size of pterygium > 6.7 mm (RR = 2.529, 95% CI 1.053-6.075, P = 0.038) were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that young age, recurrent type of pterygia, and larger pterygial tissue are risk factors for pterygium recurrence after surgical excision. Hence, early excision of pterygium is recommended to decrease the recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Samadi Aidenloo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57147-83734, Iran
| | - Qader Motarjemizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57147-83734, Iran.
| | - Maryam Heidarpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57147-83734, Iran
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Koo JS, Yoon JS. Expression of metabolism-related proteins in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:584-92. [PMID: 25780012 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpxayh10wenltc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression and the clinical implications of metabolism-related proteins in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in comparison with salivary gland ACC. METHODS Human tissue samples of lacrimal gland ACC (n = 11) and salivary gland ACC (n = 64) were analyzed. Immunochemistry was used to measure expression of proteins related to glycolysis (glucose transporter 1, hexokinase II, carbonic anhydrase IX, and monocarboxylate transporter 4 [MCT4]), glutaminolysis (glutaminase 1 [GLS1], glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH], and amino acid transporter 2 [ASCT2]), mitochondria (adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase, succinate dehydrogenase A [SDHA], and succinate dehydrogenase B), and glycolytic intermediate metabolism (phosphoserine phosphatase [PSPH], serine hydroxymethyl transferase 1 [SHMT1]). RESULTS GLS1 and ASCT2 were more highly expressed, and GDH, ATP synthase, and SDHA were expressed to a lesser degree in lacrimal gland ACC than in salivary gland ACC (P < .05). Lacrimal gland ACC showed less of a mitochondrial phenotype than did salivary gland ACC (P = .001). Positivity of MCT4 and PSPH was related to shorter disease-free survival, and SHMT1 was related to shorter overall survival (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Lacrimal gland ACC exhibited higher expression of GLS1 and ASCT2, compared with salivary gland ACC. Overexpression of MCT4, PSPH, and SHMT1 was associated with poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hou A, Lan W, Law KP, Khoo SCJ, Tin MQ, Lim YP, Tong L. Evaluation of global differential gene and protein expression in primary Pterygium: S100A8 and S100A9 as possible drivers of a signaling network. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97402. [PMID: 24825356 PMCID: PMC4019582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pterygium is a wing shaped fibrovascular growth on the ocular surface, characterized by fibrosis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory infiltrates. Epidemiologic studies have linked pterygium formation to various chronic inflammatory conditions, such as ultraviolet radiation, sawdust exposure, and dry eye disease. The purpose of this study is to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in primary pterygium by using a combination of gene microarray and proteomic platforms. Methods Paired pterygium and uninvolved conjunctiva tissues of four patients were evaluated for differences in global gene transcript levels using a genechip microarray. Proteins extracted from another four pairs of tissues were quantified by iTRAQ approach. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining on additional patients were used to validate dysregulated protein expression obtained from microarray and proteomics data. In addition, primary conjunctival fibroblasts were treated with recombinant S100A8, S100A9 or both. Transcript level changes of a panel of potential target genes were evaluated by real time-PCR. Results The following were up-regulated at both protein and transcript levels S100 A8 and A9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member1 (ALDH3A1) and vimentin (VIM). Conversely, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1) and transferrin (TF) were down-regulated. Upon adding S100A8, S100A9 or both, the inflammatory chemokine CXCL1, matrix proteins vimentin, biglycan, and gelsolin, as well as annexin-A2, thymosin-β4, chymase (CMA1), member of Ras oncogene family RAB10 and SERPINA1 were found to be up-regulated. Conclusions We identified 3 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated proteins by using a stringent approach comparing microarray and proteomic data. On stimulating cells with S100A8/9, a repertoire of key genes found to be up-regulated in pterygium tissue, were induced in these cells. S100A8/9 may be an upstream trigger for inflammation and other disease pathways in pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AH); (LT)
| | - Wanwen Lan
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Pong Law
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ser Chin Jasmine Khoo
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Qi Tin
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Pin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AH); (LT)
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Novianti PW, Roes KCB, Eijkemans MJC. Evaluation of gene expression classification studies: factors associated with classification performance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96063. [PMID: 24770439 PMCID: PMC4000205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classification methods used in microarray studies for gene expression are diverse in the way they deal with the underlying complexity of the data, as well as in the technique used to build the classification model. The MAQC II study on cancer classification problems has found that performance was affected by factors such as the classification algorithm, cross validation method, number of genes, and gene selection method. In this paper, we study the hypothesis that the disease under study significantly determines which method is optimal, and that additionally sample size, class imbalance, type of medical question (diagnostic, prognostic or treatment response), and microarray platform are potentially influential. A systematic literature review was used to extract the information from 48 published articles on non-cancer microarray classification studies. The impact of the various factors on the reported classification accuracy was analyzed through random-intercept logistic regression. The type of medical question and method of cross validation dominated the explained variation in accuracy among studies, followed by disease category and microarray platform. In total, 42% of the between study variation was explained by all the study specific and problem specific factors that we studied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri W Novianti
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kit C B Roes
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J C Eijkemans
- Biostatistics & Research Support, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rummel S, Penatzer CE, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. PSPHL and breast cancer in African American women: causative gene or population stratification? BMC Genet 2014; 15:38. [PMID: 24650299 PMCID: PMC3994543 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phophoserine phosphatase-like (PSPHL) is expressed at significantly higher levels in breast tumors from African American women (AAW) compared to Caucasian women (CW). How overexpression of PSPHL contributes to outcome disparities is unclear, thus, molecular mechanisms driving expression differences between populations were evaluated. Results PCR was used to detect deletion of 30-Kb of chromosome 7p11 including the first three exons of PSPHL using genomic DNA from AAW (199 with invasive breast cancer, 360 controls) and CW (invasive breast cancer =589, 364 controls). Gene expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR using RNA isolated from tumor tissue and blood. Data were analyzed using chi-square analysis and Mann–Whitney U-tests; P < 0.05 was used to define significance. Gene expression levels correlated with deletion status: patients homozygous for the deletion had no detectable expression of PSPHL, while heterozygous had expression levels 2.1-fold lower than those homozygous for retention of PSPHL. Homozygous deletion of PSPHL was detected in 61% of CW compared to 6% of AAW with invasive breast cancer (P < 0.0001); genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between AAW with and without breast cancer (P = 0.211). Conclusions Thus, deletion of 7p11, which prevents expression of PSPHL, is significantly higher in CW compared to AAW, suggesting that this 30-kb deletion and subsequent disruption of PSPHL may be a derived trait in Caucasians. The similar frequency of the deletion allele in AAW with and without invasive breast cancer suggests that this difference represent population stratification, and does not contribute to cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel E Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Henry M, Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963, USA.
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Subconjunctival Bevacizumab Immediately After Excision of Primary Pterygium: The First Clinical Trial. Cornea 2011; 30:1219-22. [PMID: 21955635 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e31820ca63f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Field LA, Love B, Deyarmin B, Hooke JA, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Identification of differentially expressed genes in breast tumors from African American compared with Caucasian women. Cancer 2011; 118:1334-44. [PMID: 21800289 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tumors from African American women have less favorable pathological characteristics and higher mortality rates than those of Caucasian women. Although socioeconomic status may influence prognosis, biological factors are also likely to contribute to tumor behavior. METHODS Patients with invasive breast cancer were matched by age, grade, and estrogen receptor status; patients with benign disease were matched by age and diagnosis type. RNA from laser microdissected tumors and whole-sectioned nonmalignant breast tissues was hybridized to HG U133A 2.0 microarrays. Data were analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite using a cutoff of P < .001, >1.5-fold change, and results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Clinicopathological factors did not differ significantly between groups for age at diagnosis, tumor size or stage, lymph node or human epidermal growth receptor 2 status, intrinsic subtype, or mortality. Two-way analysis of the tumor specimens revealed 25 probes representing 23 genes differentially expressed between populations; hierarchical clustering classified 24 of 26 African American women and 25 of 26 Caucasian women correctly. In the nonmalignant specimens, 15 probes representing 13 genes were differentially expressed, including 5 genes that also differed in the tumor specimens; these genes were able to correctly classify nonmalignant breast specimens from 20 of 22 of African American women and all of the Caucasian women. CONCLUSIONS Despite matching of tumors by pathological characteristics, molecular profiles differed between African American women and Caucasian women in both invasive tumors and benign breast tissues. These differentially expressed genes, including CRYBB2, PSPHL, and SOS1, are involved in cellular growth and differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and immune response and thus may contribute to the poor outcome in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Field
- Windber Research Institute, Windber, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhang L, Li W, Song L, Chen L. A towards-multidimensional screening approach to predict candidate genes of rheumatoid arthritis based on SNP, structural and functional annotations. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:38. [PMID: 20727150 PMCID: PMC2939610 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the Genetic Analysis Workshops (GAW), hundreds of thousands of SNPs have been tested for association with rheumatoid arthritis. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been developed to identify susceptibility genes using a "most significant SNPs/genes" model. However, many minor- or modest-risk genes are likely to be missed after adjustment of multiple testing. This screening process uses a strict selection of statistical thresholds that aim to identify susceptibility genes based only on statistical model, without considering multi-dimensional biological similarities in sequence arrangement, crystal structure, or functional categories/biological pathways between candidate and known disease genes. Methods Multidimensional screening approaches combined with traditional statistical genetics methods can consider multiple biological backgrounds of genetic mutation, structural, and functional annotations. Here we introduce a newly developed multidimensional screening approach for rheumatoid arthritis candidate genes that considers all SNPs with nominal evidence of Bayesian association (BFLn > 0), and structural and functional similarities of corresponding genes or proteins. Results Our multidimensional screening approach extracted all risk genes (BFLn > 0) by odd ratios of hypothesis H1 to H0, and determined whether a particular group of genes shared underlying biological similarities with known disease genes. Using this method, we found 6614 risk SNPs in our Bayesian screen result set. Finally, we identified 146 likely causal genes for rheumatoid arthritis, including CD4, FGFR1, and KDR, which have been reported as high risk factors by recent studies. We must denote that 790 (96.1%) of genes identified by GWAS could not easily be classified into related functional categories or biological processes associated with the disease, while our candidate genes shared underlying biological similarities (e.g. were in the same pathway or GO term) and contributed to disease etiology, but where common variations in each of these genes make modest contributions to disease risk. We also found 6141 risk SNPs that were too minor to be detected by conventional approaches, and associations between 58 candidate genes and rheumatoid arthritis were verified by literature retrieved from the NCBI PubMed module. Conclusions Our proposed approach to the analysis of GAW16 data for rheumatoid arthritis was based on an underlying biological similarities-based method applied to candidate and known disease genes. Application of our method could identify likely causal candidate disease genes of rheumatoid arthritis, and could yield biological insights that not detected when focusing only on genes that give the strongest evidence by multiple testing. We hope that our proposed method complements the "most significant SNPs/genes" model, and provides additional insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, when searching datasets for hundreds of genetic variances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China
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