4
|
Fu R, Guo H, Janga S, Choi M, Klinngam W, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Cathepsin S activation contributes to elevated CX3CL1 (fractalkine) levels in tears of a Sjögren's syndrome murine model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1455. [PMID: 31996771 PMCID: PMC6989636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune dacryoadenitis and altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion are features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease, is significantly and specifically increased in SS patient tears. The soluble chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), is cleaved from membrane-bound CX3CL1 by proteases including CTSS. We show that CX3CL1 is significantly elevated by 2.5-fold in tears (p = 0.0116) and 1.4-fold in LG acinar cells (LGAC)(p = 0.0026) from male NOD mice, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in SS, relative to BALB/c controls. Primary mouse LGAC and human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) exposed to interferon-gamma, a cytokine elevated in SS, showed up to 9.6-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) and 25-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 gene expression, and 1.9-fold (p = 0.0005) and 196-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 protein expression, respectively. Moreover, exposure of HCE-T cells to recombinant human CTSS at activity equivalent to that in SS patient tears increased cellular CX3CL1 gene and protein expression by 2.8-fold (p = 0.0021) and 5.1-fold (p ≤ 0.0001), while increasing CX3CL1 in culture medium by 5.8-fold (p ≤ 0.0001). Flow cytometry demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in CX3CR1-expressing immune cells (p ≤ 0.0001), including increased T-cells and macrophages, in LG from NOD mice relative to BALB/c. CTSS-mediated induction/cleavage of CX3CL1 may contribute to ocular surface and LG inflammation in SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Srikanth Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee JH, Kwok SK, Jung SM, Lee J, Lee JS, Baek SY, Kim EK, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY. Role of fractalkine in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome: increased serum levels of fractalkine, its expression in labial salivary glands, and the association with clinical manifestations. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:2425-38. [PMID: 25320221 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of fractalkine and identify the clinical effects of fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). METHODS Serum fractalkine levels were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was done to compare the expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 between salivary glands (SG) of patients with SS and controls. The cells to be merged with fractalkine were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Type of CX3CR1-expressing cells among infiltrating lymphocytes in SG was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Further, associations among fractalkine, proinflammatory cytokines, and clinical profiles were investigated. RESULTS Serum fractalkine levels in patients with pSS were higher than those in the control group (p = 0.026). SG expression of fractalkine and its receptor was upregulated in patients with pSS compared to that in the controls by immunohistochemistry. Higher histological grade was associated with more fractalkine-positive cells per total epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were the main fractalkine-expressing cell type in the SG. Serum fractalkine levels were significantly correlated with proinflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin 17: r = 0.685, p = 0.029; tumor necrosis factor-α: r = 0.444, p = 0.003), antinuclear antibody (r = 0.349, p = 0.022), and immunoglobulin G levels (r = 0.325, p = 0.044). Serum fractalkine levels in patients with extraglandular manifestations of pSS were significantly higher than in those without extraglandular manifestations (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Fractalkine and CX3CR1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS, including extraglandular manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea.
| | - Seung Min Jung
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Seung Ye Baek
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| |
Collapse
|